scholarly journals Contradictory yet Coherent? Inconsistency in Performance Feedback and R&D Investment Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 658-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardus J. M. Lucas ◽  
Joris Knoben ◽  
Marius T. H. Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
Theoretical Mechanism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we study to what extent inconsistent feedback signals about performance affect firm adaptive behavior in terms of changes made to research-and-development (R&D) investments. We argue that inconsistency in performance feedback—based on discrepancies between two distinct performance signals—affects the degree to which such investments will be changed. Our aim is to show that accounting for inconsistent performance feedback is necessary as predictions for the direction of change in R&D investments based on the individual performance feedback signals are contradictory. Furthermore, we contribute by proposing a holistic consideration mechanism as an alternative to the selective attention mechanism previously applied to inconsistent performance feedback. Our findings show that the impact of inconsistency depends on the exact configuration of the underlying performance feedback signal discrepancies. While consistently negative performance feedback signals would amplify their impact in stimulating increased R&D investments, inconsistent performance feedback signals created more nuanced effects. Having lower performance compared to an industry-based peer group—despite doing well compared to the previous year—made firms decrease their R&D investments. For the opposite case of inconsistent performance feedback, we did not find an effect on change in R&D investments. These findings support to a degree our contention that explaining the effects of inconsistent performance feedback requires a holistic consideration theoretical mechanism instead of one involving selective attention. In sum, these findings suggest future research should take into account the differences between distinct instances of inconsistent performance feedback.

scholarly journals ADAPTASI MODEL DELONE DAN MCLEAN YANG DIMODIFIKASI GUNA MENGUJI KEBERHASILAN IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI OPERASIONAL BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (BMT) BAGI INDIVIDU PENGGUNA (Studi Empiris Pada BMT di Kota Semarang)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Novita Anugrah Listiyana ◽  
Dedi Rusdi
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Quality System ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the relationship between humans as users of the system and application software as object an inseparable relationship. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of variable quality system to the perception of the quality system, the effect of perceived quality system and quality of information on the intensity of use and user satisfaction, and the influence of the intensity of use and user satisfaction of the impact of individual performance. This research is an empirical study using purposive sampling technique in data collection. Data were collected through  questionnaires to 39 BMT’s operational employees. Then, performed an analysis of the data obtained used path analysis. This included: testing hypotheses through path analysis. The results of tests performed using path analysis to get the results that each variable in the model of equation 4 had a coefficient with a positive direction. This means that the improvement of the quality of the system will be able to improve the quality of information for the individual impact of the use and satisfaction of employees through the use of the system.

Self-Management of Arthritis

2017 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Brooks ◽  
Kanako Iwanaga ◽  
Fong Chan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Arthritis is ranked among the top causes of disability in the United States and worldwide. Despite recent improvements in medications and medical treatment, there is no known cure for arthritis. Providing evidence-based psychoeducation and counseling services to people with arthritis lessens the impact of pain-related symptoms and disability on the individual and society. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the most common arthritic conditions, co-occurring physical conditions, and psychosocial factors associated with arthritis. Barriers to self-management and existing self-management programs are also discussed along with the current state of scientific evidence. The chapter concludes with some questions for future research.

Researching Telework

2000 ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole B. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the state of the art in telework research. The author reviews the most central scholarly literature examining the phenomenon of telework (also called home-based work or telecommuting) and develops a framework for organizing this body of work. She organizes previous research on telework into six major thematic concerns relating to the definition, measurement, and scope of telework; management of teleworkers; travel-related impacts of telework; organizational culture and employee isolation; boundaries between “home” and “work” and the impact of telework on the individual and the family. Areas for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Four Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator Tail Mutants Reveals Overlapping and Unique Functions in Gene Regulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney L. Dolan ◽  
Clint Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe Mediator complex is a central component of transcriptional regulation in Eukaryotes. The complex is structurally divided into four modules known as the head, middle, tail and kinase modules, and in Arabidopsis thaliana, comprises 28-34 subunits. Here, we explore the functions of four Arabidopsis Mediator tail subunits, MED2, MED5a/b, MED16, and MED23, by comparing the impact of mutations in each on the Arabidopsis transcriptome. We find that these subunits affect both unique and overlapping sets of genes, providing insight into the functional and structural relationships between them. The mutants primarily exhibit changes in the expression of genes related to biotic and abiotic stress. We find evidence for a tissue specific role for MED23, as well as in the production of alternative transcripts. Together, our data help disentangle the individual contributions of these MED subunits to global gene expression and suggest new avenues for future research into their functions.

scholarly journals Enhancing and Restricting Factors of Formal Voluntary Engagement in Tyrol and the Impact of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Julia Ganner ◽  
Lukas Kerschbaumer ◽  
Christina Tanzer
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Volunteer Management ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Acquisition Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The insurmountable tensions and turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in welfare systems worldwide demand governmental as well as non-governmental support, especially from the volunteer sector, which can be a powerful resource for mitigating the pandemic’s impacts. To identify ways of mobilising the enormous human resources of the baby boomer generation in particular, whose members are currently on the brink of entering retirement, the factors that have enabled and restricted volunteer management during the pandemic in Tyrol, Austria are examined. Design/Method/Approach: Following a qualitative approach, the authors performed 27 problem-centred interviews with representative senior citizens, retirees and individuals about to retire and companies in Tyrol. The authors evaluated the data in qualitative content analysis. Findings: Self-determination, time flexibility, acceptance of volunteer work in one’s social network and previous personal experience with volunteering are key determinants of sustainable volunteer work amongst retirees. Companies and a well-established acquisition management strategy also play a significant role in promoting volunteer work. Practical Implications and Originality/Value: The study involves a holistic analysis of volunteer work at the individual and organisational levels. By capturing the potential of e-volunteering and how it improves the capacities of classic face-to-face volunteer work, it can support the development of more resilient infrastructures for supporting volunteer work. Research Limitations/Future Research: The interpretation of visual and non-verbal signals was difficult due to the use of phone and online interviews, and the results should not be generalised. Even so, our findings pave the way for future studies on mechanisms determining virtual volunteering and volunteer management. Paper type: Empirical

scholarly journals Proactive Socialisation: a Longitudinal Investigation of Newcomer Adjustment Inside Both an Institutionalised and Individualised Workplace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Burke
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis adopted a unique approach to the exploration of proactive socialisation and the processes by which a newcomer moves from organisational outsider to insider. Although socialisation involves actions by the individual, the work group, and the organisation, this study is one of the first to investigate how these actions work in tandem to support the adjustment of organisational newcomers. Research was conducted with a group of 526 participants, drawn from a pool of New Zealand Police (NZ Police) recruits and graduate employees. A quantitative method for data gathering was adopted, with questionnaires administered over a 15-month period for police recruits and 6-month period for graduate newcomers. Results indicated that prior work quality and quantity, job interest, proactive personality, team support, and leader-member exchange each had an important role to play in the prediction of newcomer role breadth self-efficacy. In turn, newcomers who felt confident in their ability to carry out a broader and more proactive role also enjoyed a higher level of task mastery and group fit. The successful achievement of these proximal outcomes led to other, more distal outcomes, namely performance and organisational commitment. Each of these outcomes was achieved, regardless of the socialising tactics employed by the hiring organisation. An important feature of this thesis was the design and delivery of a training intervention that was aimed at coaching newcomers in a range of proactive behaviours (i.e., information-seeking, feedback-seeking, positive framing, relationship building, networking, listening, and observation/modeling). Results found that the longitudinal pattern of proaction differed for newcomers in response to the socialising tactics adopted by the organisation. Results also indicated that the impact of training on future proaction was most potent for individuals who already had an elevated level of role breadth self-efficacy, thereby pointing to the importance of building an employee' perception of their own capability. Training was also most effective when key messages were repeated over multiple sessions, and integrated into the solving of realworld tasks. These results challenge previous studies that have assumed proactivity to be a stable construct over time. Beyond contributing to the literature on newcomer socialisation, this thesis goes some way to clarifying why proactive people actually succeed. It would seem that proactive people expect to be successful, thereby making a training intervention more useful. This thesis also challenges prior research that assumes certain adjustment outcomes are dependent on the socialising tactics adopted by the hiring organisation. Thus, rather than passively adapt to their environment, this research shows how a newcomer can actively shape their own socialising experience. A number of methodological weaknesses found in previous studies have been addressed in this thesis. It also presents a number of practical implications to support the pre-entry, initial entry, and long-term adjustment of seasoned newcomers, versus graduate Generation Y employees. Multiple options for future research are also considered.</p>

scholarly journals Proactive Socialisation: a Longitudinal Investigation of Newcomer Adjustment Inside Both an Institutionalised and Individualised Workplace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Burke
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis adopted a unique approach to the exploration of proactive socialisation and the processes by which a newcomer moves from organisational outsider to insider. Although socialisation involves actions by the individual, the work group, and the organisation, this study is one of the first to investigate how these actions work in tandem to support the adjustment of organisational newcomers. Research was conducted with a group of 526 participants, drawn from a pool of New Zealand Police (NZ Police) recruits and graduate employees. A quantitative method for data gathering was adopted, with questionnaires administered over a 15-month period for police recruits and 6-month period for graduate newcomers. Results indicated that prior work quality and quantity, job interest, proactive personality, team support, and leader-member exchange each had an important role to play in the prediction of newcomer role breadth self-efficacy. In turn, newcomers who felt confident in their ability to carry out a broader and more proactive role also enjoyed a higher level of task mastery and group fit. The successful achievement of these proximal outcomes led to other, more distal outcomes, namely performance and organisational commitment. Each of these outcomes was achieved, regardless of the socialising tactics employed by the hiring organisation. An important feature of this thesis was the design and delivery of a training intervention that was aimed at coaching newcomers in a range of proactive behaviours (i.e., information-seeking, feedback-seeking, positive framing, relationship building, networking, listening, and observation/modeling). Results found that the longitudinal pattern of proaction differed for newcomers in response to the socialising tactics adopted by the organisation. Results also indicated that the impact of training on future proaction was most potent for individuals who already had an elevated level of role breadth self-efficacy, thereby pointing to the importance of building an employee' perception of their own capability. Training was also most effective when key messages were repeated over multiple sessions, and integrated into the solving of realworld tasks. These results challenge previous studies that have assumed proactivity to be a stable construct over time. Beyond contributing to the literature on newcomer socialisation, this thesis goes some way to clarifying why proactive people actually succeed. It would seem that proactive people expect to be successful, thereby making a training intervention more useful. This thesis also challenges prior research that assumes certain adjustment outcomes are dependent on the socialising tactics adopted by the hiring organisation. Thus, rather than passively adapt to their environment, this research shows how a newcomer can actively shape their own socialising experience. A number of methodological weaknesses found in previous studies have been addressed in this thesis. It also presents a number of practical implications to support the pre-entry, initial entry, and long-term adjustment of seasoned newcomers, versus graduate Generation Y employees. Multiple options for future research are also considered.</p>

scholarly journals Does Cancer Type Influence the Impact of Recurrence? A Review of the Experience of Patients With Breast or Prostate Cancer Recurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross James Stewart ◽  
Gerald Michael Humphris ◽  
Jayne Donaldson ◽  
Susanne Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Prostate Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Patients will experience a plethora of issues when faced with a recurrence of their cancer. It is unclear if cancer type is a significant factor in how recurrence is experienced by an individual. The aim of the current review is to explore the evidence base and summarise the experiences of patients specifically with a recurrence of breast or prostate cancer (the most common for women and men, respectively) and then provide a comparison of these experiences. These experiences include the physical, psychological and psychosocial issues that arise at this time.Methods: A systematic search was conducted of studies published between January 1994 and April 2019. Due to the mix of research designs used previously in the literature, this review was conducted in an integrative manner; allowing for inclusion of diverse research designs. Results were synthesised narratively, with data categorised according to physical, psychological, and psychosocial indices of quality of life. The review protocol was registered in the international database of prospective systematic reviews in health and social care- (CRD42019137381).Results: Fifteen breast cancer and six prostate cancer articles were identified, each reporting one relevant study. Patients reported several negative issues at the time of a breast or prostate cancer recurrence. Similarities were found between cancer types, with physical problems such as fatigue, psychological issues including anxiety and depressive symptoms, and psychosocial concerns such as issues with healthcare professionals common in both cancers. Certain findings were inconsistent across studies, with some experiences differing between studies rather than due to cancer type.Conclusions: Differences in the experience of recurrent cancer appear to be more heavily influenced by individual factors, rather than cancer type. Findings are confounded by gender; and should be considered preliminary. Effects of recurrence should be studied in samples where cancer type and gender are not confounded. Concerns are raised about available study quality and differing outcome measures in this interpretation. Care and support of the individual at the time of a cancer recurrence is a key focus. Future research suggestions with implications for clinical practise are included.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019137381.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CULTURAL BACKGROUND IN THE LIT ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Izmir Tunahan ◽  
H. Altamirano ◽  
J. Unwin Teji
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Lighting Environment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Indoor Conditions ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Occupant Satisfaction

In environmental terms, culture represents the climatic and indoor conditions people have experienced during a significant part of their life. Consequently, people exposed to different cultures might have different expectations of the lighting environment. Knowing the lighting expectations due to cultural experiences have numerous advantages; it could help meet the occupants’ needs and preferences and provide occupant satisfaction, reducing unnecessary energy consumption in the built environment. This paper aims to summarise a systematic review to create a conceptual framework of cultural background in the lit environment, which could help understand the impact of cultural background on daylight perception and expectation. This review highlighted that cultural background in lighting environment should be evaluated considering (1) the ethnicity and/or physiological characteristics of the individual eyes, (2) the area (luminance environment) where people used to live (3) the luminance environment they were recently exposed to and (4) the socio-cultural background of individuals. Future research should further test these components together and separately to investigate which component or combination is more influential on daylight perception.

Open for business: The impact of creative team environment and innovative behaviour in technology-based start-ups

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhou ◽  
Robert Verburg
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Team Environment ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Creative Team

Rather than the view of the entrepreneur as a ‘lone ranger’, recent work has focused on the importance of teams in bringing a start-up to growth and success. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs and the characteristics of their teams by examining openness of founders in relation to creative team environment (CTE), innovative work behaviour (IWB) and performance. On the basis of upper echelon theory and integrating other complementary theories such as the attention-based view, we develop a theoretical framework and test this using a survey of 322 high-tech entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest a mediating role of CTE and IWB in the relation between openness of entrepreneurs and performance. The implications of the results for managerial practices and future research directions are discussed.

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