Dietary intake patterns, nutrient adequacy and associated factors in a multi-ethnic Caribbean population

2022 ◽  
pp. 026010602110709
Author(s):  
Selby Nichols ◽  
Nequesha Dalrymple ◽  
Patrice Prout ◽  
Anisa Ramcharitar-Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diet is a significant contributor to health and wellbeing of individuals. Aim: In this study we investigated patterns of dietary intakes, levels of nutrient inadequacies and associated sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors among adults in Trinidad and Tobago. Method: The study was cross-sectional in nature. A convenience sample of 11783 persons from districts throughout Trinidad and Tobago completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic and lifestyle items. Anthropometry was self-reported with 15% of participants having measurements done according to recommended procedures. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) while nutrient intakes and adequacy were assessed using the NutriGenie 7.0 software and nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) respectively. Foods were categorised as unprocessed/minimally processed and processed/ultra-processed. The University of The West Indies Ethics Committee approved the study. Results: Approximately 72.5% of participants met the Goldberg criteria for plausible reporting. The three predominant dietary patterns ‘Typical’, ‘Fruits and Vegetables’, and ‘High Fat’ explained 45% of the total variance in foods consumed. Processed/ultra-processed foods accounted for most of the energy (80%) and nutrients consumed. Nutrient inadequacies were observed for potassium, vitamins B12, D, E, K, fibre, magnesium; and iron among females. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for participants was 67%. MAR was positively associated with predominant dietary patterns independent of socioe demographic and lifestyle factors (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Irrespective of their nature, the predominant dietary pattern was associated with nutrient adequacy among participants. Reducing the risk of inadequate nutrient intakes may be addressed by increasing availability, access and consumption of appropriate sources of these micronutrients.

The association between lunch composition and obesity in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Zahra Akbarzade ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Nasim Saeidifard ◽  
Shabnam Aliakbari Majd ◽  
Nazila Garousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Abstract We aimed to assess the dietary composition of lunch meal using a posteriori derived dietary patterns and to determine the association of lunch composition with obesity in a sample of Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20-59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified via principal component factor analysis. For each identified pattern, scores were calculated for each participant and then classified into tertiles. Central obesity was defined WHO criteria. General obesity was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2. Three major dietary patterns were identified at lunch meal using 12 food groups: “Bread, grains and fat”, “Western”, and “Potato and eggs”. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants at the top tertile of the “Bread, grains and fat” dietary pattern had greater odds for a higher waist to hip ratio, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.07). However, we found no association between ‘Western or ‘“potato and eggs” patterns and waist to hip ratio (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.28 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.42, respectively). None of the identified dietary patterns was associated when defining obesity with waist circumference or body mass index. In conclusion, participants had a greater chance of central obesity defined based on waist to hip ratio following a lunchtime pattern with a higher and positive loading factor for “Bread, grains and fat”.

scholarly journals Trends in Mean Nutrient Intakes of US Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from 3 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Studies (FITS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L Eldridge ◽  
Diane J Catellier ◽  
Joel C Hampton ◽  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Regan L Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Infants And Young Children

ABSTRACT Background Many updates to young child feeding recommendations have been published over the past decade, but concurrent intake trends have not been assessed. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate adequacy and trends in energy and nutrient intakes of US infants and children aged 0–47.9 mo through use of Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) data from 2002, 2008, and 2016. Methods FITS are cross-sectional surveys of parents/caregivers of infants and young children (FITS 2002, n = 2962; FITS 2008, n = 3276; FITS 2016, n = 3235). Dietary intakes were assessed by telephone with trained interviewers using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Mean ± SE nutrient intakes were calculated. Diet adequacy was assessed with the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for 17 nutrients and the corresponding mean adequacy ratio. Results Energy and macronutrient intakes were generally stable across surveys, but significant decreases for saturated fat and total sugars and an increase in fiber were observed among 6–11.9-mo-olds and 12–23.9-mo-olds (P-trend < 0.0001). Mean sodium intakes exceeded Adequate Intakes (AI) for all ages, whereas fiber intakes were universally below the AI. Nutrients with the lowest NAR values were vitamin D (range 0.41–0.67/1.00) and vitamin E (range 0.60–0.79/1.00 for 2008 and 2016). For iron, infants aged 6–11.9 mo had the lowest NAR values at 0.77–0.88/1.00, compared to 0.85–0.89/1.00 for 12–47.9-mo-olds. Potassium was low from 12 to 47.9 mo (NAR range 0.55–0.63/1.00 across survey years). The nutrients with the greatest decline in mean intakes were iron and vitamins D and E among 6–11.9-mo-olds, and vitamin D and potassium among 12–23.9-mo-olds in 2016 compared to 2002. Conclusions The diets of US infants and young children were generally adequate for most micronutrients and stable over time, but sodium intakes were too high, and nutrient gaps still existed, especially for vitamins D, E, and fiber across ages and for iron among infants.

scholarly journals A Foods and Nutrient Comparison Study of Meals Eaten at Home vs Meals Eaten at Head Start Centers in Washington DC, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Beverly M. Copeland ◽  
Allan A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Head Start Children ◽  
At Home

The purpose of this research was to investigate the food energy and nutrient intake, and adequacy of meals served at Head Start centers versus meals consumed at home among Head Start Children. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was utilized. A convenience sample of 195 Head Start child and caregiver pairs was recruited from two Head Start sites within the District of Columbia (DC). Weight and height were measured and used to calculate BMI. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI for age and gender growth charts were used to evaluate BMI levels. Dietary intakes were collected using the 24-hour food recall method, and Head Start center menus were analyzed using Nutritionist Pro Software (Axxya Systems, Redmond, WA). Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results of the study showed no significant difference in total calorie intakes between the overweight/obese children and normal weight children who consumed meals both at home and at Head Start centers. However, in both overweight/obese and normal weight children who consumed meals totally at home, lower nutrient intakes were noted when compared to recommended levels. It was concluded that Head Start children who consumed meals both at school and home on the day of the recall, had higher intakes of food energy and were more likely to meet recommended nutrient intakes than Head Start children who did not consume any portion of their meals at school.

scholarly journals 28201 A cross-sectional study of dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in the oldest old

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ashley C. Flores ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
G. Craig Wood ◽  
Brian A. Irving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals A dairy and fruit dietary pattern is associated with a reduced likelihood of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1926-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangah Shin ◽  
Hyojee Joung
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Rice

The aim of the present study was to identify the association of dietary patterns with osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women from the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–10. The present cross-sectional analysis included 3735 postmenopausal women who completed a health interview, nutrition survey and a health examination including bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The general characteristics and dietary intakes of the participants were obtained using a standardised questionnaire and a 24 h recall method, respectively. The BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; osteoporosis was defined based on the WHO T-score criteria. Overall, we identified four dietary patterns using factor analysis as follows: ‘meat, alcohol and sugar’, ‘vegetables and soya sauce’, ‘white rice, kimchi and seaweed’ and ‘dairy and fruit’, which accounted for 30·9 % of the total variance in food intake (11·3, 7·7, 6·0 and 5·9 %, respectively). The subjects in the highest quintile of the ‘dairy and fruit’ pattern showed a decreased risk of osteoporosis of the lumbar spine (53 %) compared with those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for covariates (OR 0·47, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·65, P for trend < 0·0001). In contrast, the ‘white rice, kimchi and seaweed’ dietary pattern was negatively associated with bone health (OR 1·40, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·90, P for trend = 0·0479). The present results suggest that an increased intake of dairy foods and fruits in the traditional Korean diet, based on white rice and vegetables, may decrease the risk of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Exploring absolute and relative measures of exposure to food environments in relation to dietary patterns among European adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 1037-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
MGM Pinho ◽  
JD Mackenbach ◽  
J-M Oppert ◽  
H Charreire ◽  
H Bárdos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Spatial Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the associations of absolute and relative measures of exposure to food retailers with dietary patterns, using simpler and more complex measures.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingUrban regions in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the UK.ParticipantsEuropean adults (n 4942). Supermarkets and local food shops were classified as ‘food retailers providing healthier options’; fast-food/takeaway restaurants, cafés/bars and convenience/liquor stores as ‘food retailers providing less healthy options’. Simpler exposure measures used were density of healthy and density of less healthy food retailers. More complex exposure measures used were: spatial access (combination of density and proximity) to healthy and less healthy food retailers; density of healthier food retailers relative to all food retailers; and a ratio of spatial access scores to healthier and less healthy food retailers. Outcome measures were a healthy or less healthy dietary pattern derived from a principal component analysis (based on consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, fast foods, sweets and sweetened beverages).ResultsOnly the highest density of less healthy food retailers was significantly associated with the less healthy dietary pattern (β = −129·6; 95 % CI −224·3, −34·8). None of the other absolute density measures nor any of the relative measures of exposures were associated with dietary patterns.ConclusionsMore complex measures of exposure to food retailers did not produce stronger associations with dietary patterns. We had some indication that absolute and relative measures of exposure assess different aspects of the food environment. However, given the lack of significant findings, this needs to be further explored.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Agodi ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Sarka Kunzova ◽  
Ondrej Sochor ◽  
Hana Bauerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
High Adherence

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25–65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

scholarly journals Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Impact

Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adolescent Girls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Banazadeh ◽  
Najmeh Jaberi ◽  
Fatemeh Hoseinkhani ◽  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Dietary factors are associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults, but no studies have ever investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of IBS among adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 750 adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 years old were recruited using a random cluster sampling method from several schools in different areas of Mashhad city, Iran. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the modified version of Rome III questionnaire were administered to assess the participants' dietary intakes and IBS, respectively. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric variables were also obtained. Factor analysis was performed to identify major dietary patterns. Results: The dietary patterns of healthy, mix, and western were identified in this study. An inverse non-significant association was also observed between the healthy dietary pattern and IBS (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.47-1.48). The relationship of IBS prevalence with mix and western dietary patterns was also non-significant. Conclusions: No statistically significant associations were found between dietary patterns and IBS among Iranian girl adolescents. Further studies, particularly longitudinal intervention studies with a larger sample size are required in this area.

Development and validation of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2438-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Numminen ◽  
Jouko Katajisto ◽  
Helena Leino-Kilpi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Moral Courage ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample

Background: Moral courage is required at all levels of nursing. However, there is a need for development of instruments to measure nurses’ moral courage. Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop a scale to measure nurses’ self-assessed moral courage, to evaluate the scale’s psychometric properties, and to briefly describe the current level of nurses’ self-assessed moral courage and associated socio-demographic factors. Research design: In this methodological study, non-experimental, cross-sectional exploratory design was applied. The data were collected using Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale and analysed statistically. Participants and research context: The data were collected from a convenience sample of 482 nurses from four different clinical fields in a major university hospital in Finland for the final testing of the scale. The pilot comprised a convenience sample of 129 nurses. Ethical considerations: The study followed good scientific inquiry guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the university ethics committee and permission to conduct the study from the participating hospital. Findings: Psychometric evaluation showed that the 4-sub-scale, 21-item Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale demonstrates good reliability and validity at its current state of development showing a good level of internal consistency for a new scale, the internal consistency values ranging from 0.73 to 0.82 for sub-scales and 0.93 for the total scale, thus well exceeding the recommended Cronbach’s alpha value of >0.7. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical construct of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale. Face validity and expert panel assessments markedly contributed to the relevance of items in establishing content validity. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale provides a new generic instrument intended for measuring nurses’ self-assessed moral courage. Recognizing the importance of moral courage as a part of nurses’ moral competence and its assessment offers possibilities to develop interventions and educational programs for enhancement of moral courage. Research should focus on further validation measures of Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale in international contexts.

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