scholarly journals When balance of power meets globalization: China, India and the small states of South Asia

Politics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
TV Paul
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Small States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
China And India ◽  
Structural Theories

This article addresses the research question: how have most small states of South Asian region managed to acquire substantial amount of investment from China and India without falling into the strategic orbit of either power? This is an anomaly because most structural theories, in particular neorealism, would expect small states not to have much power and influence on their own in their relationship with powerful states. I answer this puzzle by arguing that the limited competition between China and India in an era of intensified economic globalization has provided a window of opportunity to small states to maximize their returns from the two without upsetting their relationship with either in a big way. This short-term bargaining window has been facilitated by the managed rivalry and economic interdependence between China and India which is yet to become an intense strategic rivalry. The article cautions that as the Chinese and Indian ambitions in the Indo-Pacific collide, the smaller states may be asked to make choices akin to bandwagoning with either one, in particular by offering military bases and naval facilities. This development, if it occurs, will drastically affect the bargaining power of the smaller states.

Emerging Trends of Artificial Intelligence in South Asia and its Implications for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaza Arif
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
China And India ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Military Modernization ◽  
Offensive Realism ◽  
Strategic Balance ◽  
Full Swing

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a breakthrough technology which is astonishingly impressive. Major world powers are rapidly integrating AI in their military doctrines. This trend of militarization of AI can be seen in the South Asian region as well. Following the theoretical approach of offensive realism, China and India are in full swing to revolutionize their militaries with this emerging trend in order to accumulate maximum power and to satisfy their various interests. Consequently, Indian military modernization has the potential to provoke Pakistan to take counter measures. Pakistan is already encountering a number of challenges in economic sector and will face the strenuous task of accommodating a handsome financial share for the development of its AI capabilities. South Asia is a very turbulent region characterized by arch rivals who are also nuclear powers and have repeatedly indulged in various crises over the years. Introduction of AI in South Asia will have significant repercussions as it will trigger an arms race and at the same time disturb the strategic balance in the region.

scholarly journals Learning-free pattern detection for manuscript research:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
Volker Märgner ◽  
Giovanni Ciotti
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Pattern Detection ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
South Asian Studies ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Nearest Neighbour Classifier

AbstractAutomatic pattern detection has become increasingly important for scholars in the humanities as the number of manuscripts that have been digitised has grown. Most of the state-of-the-art methods used for pattern detection depend on the availability of a large number of training samples, which are typically not available in the humanities as they involve tedious manual annotation by researchers (e.g. marking the location and size of words, drawings, seals and so on). This makes the applicability of such methods very limited within the field of manuscript research. We propose a learning-free approach based on a state-of-the-art Naïve Bayes Nearest-Neighbour classifier for the task of pattern detection in manuscript images. The method has already been successfully applied to an actual research question from South Asian studies about palm-leaf manuscripts. Furthermore, state-of-the-art results have been achieved on two extremely challenging datasets, namely the AMADI_LontarSet dataset of handwriting on palm leaves for word-spotting and the DocExplore dataset of medieval manuscripts for pattern detection. A performance analysis is provided as well in order to facilitate later comparisons by other researchers. Finally, an easy-to-use implementation of the proposed method is developed as a software tool and made freely available.

scholarly journals Japan’s Renaissance and Its Effect to ASEAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Syafril Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
East China ◽  
Small States ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Global World ◽  
Bargaining Model Of War

Japan has developed a new security policy against China in East China Sea, which has increased tension in that region. Japan’s new leadership under Shinzo Abe, who has conservative political view, has unbeatable policy against China’s hegemony. Abe revised Japan Self-Defence Forces role in the Japanese Constitution by making critical amendments on particular articles, which should be seen as Japan’s bargaining power against China. The two major powers in East China Sea can be seen as security dilemma of other states. Pursuit of power and hegemony will influence other major actors in the global world system and also small states. Japan’s new security policy is as a renaissance of Japan’s hegemony or pursuit of power in East China Sea. By using bargaining model of war, Japan’s security policy will determine overall situation in South China Sea or particularly in East China Sea: whether it will remain of high threat or balance of threat rather than balance of power, or it will face possible conflict in the future.

scholarly journals Rivalitas Strategi Maritim China dan India di Selat Malaka

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ayusia Sabhita Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
China And India ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Maritime Strategy ◽  
String Of Pearls ◽  
Malacca Strait ◽  
India And China

Regarding the significance of Malacca Strait as a key maritime�s �choke-point� passage betweenIndian and Pacific oceans, some major countries become dependence with the security and safetyin Malacca Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC). China and India are two states-user ofMalacca Strait which sharing common interests of economic, maritime trade and energy supplies.The problem is, as a regional power of each region, India and China have an ambition to controlthe security of Malacca�s Strait. China which is more dependent with its 80% trade and energysupply through Malacca Strait, facing �Malacca dilemma� regarding the issue. Then, with thestrategy of �string of pearls� and the modernization of of People�s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN),China became assertive to save its interests. India, which has control over Indian Ocean then feelthreaten by China�s activities around Malacca Strait and Indian Ocean. India starts and enhancesthe development of Andaman Nicobar Command with US support near Malacca Straits to counterChina�s development. This paper will analyze the development of China�s dan India�s maritimestrategy rivalry in Malacca Straits with the concepts of balance of power and maritime strategy. Keywords: Malacca Strait, China�s maritime strategy, India�s maritime strategy, rivalry, balanceof power

Eligibility to Use the Fund's Facilities for Concessinal Financing

Policy Papers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Market Access ◽  
National Income ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Small States ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
One Year

During the 2012 Review of Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) Eligibility, Executive Directors expressed a number of concerns about the eligibility framework. The Board decided to bring forward the next review of eligibility by one year, to early 2013, in light of these concerns. In particular, Directors called for the review to assess: Possible shortcomings of the gross national income (GNI) per capita criterion in the case of small states, and whether additional or alternative variables should be used to better capture members‘ circumstances, particularly those of small states; as well as further options to enhance the flexibility of the PRGT-eligibility framework to cover small and very small countries; The application of the short-term vulnerabilities criterion for graduation, which can lead to repeated non-graduation of members that meet either the income or the market access criteria for graduation.

The limitations of “structural” theories of commercial policy

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Hegemonic Stability ◽  
Structural Theories

If a “structural” theory is one that purports to explain behavior in terms of environmental conditions and that largely eschews analysis of the internal processes of decision makers, then it is difficult to identify a theory of commercial policy which is not “structural.” Most microeconomic theory is structural; so are most balance-of-power theories. In the realm of theories of commercial policy, hegemonic stability theories as well as some recently developed theories of international tariff levels fit this description. In the latter category Judith Goldstein's work, which attempts to account for American commercial policy in terms of the ideology of American central decision makers, and Charles Kindleberger's ambitious sketch of a general theory of 19th-century tariff changes in terms of the diffusion of liberal ideology constitute lonely examples of nonstructural research strategies.

scholarly journals An effective way to improve listening skills through shadowing

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Listening Skill ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Skill Improvement ◽  
Better Than

While improving listening comprehension skills has been one of the most difficult areas for language teachers and learners, shadowing has been playing a sensational role in improving learners’ listening skills in Japan in recent years. Most studies reported the effectiveness of short-term shadowing training in terms of learners’ listening skill improvement. However, how teachers can improve the skills effectively has not been fully examined. In order to explore a more effective procedure for teaching through shadowing, this study examined the shadowing procedure as a method of teaching listening. The research question was to determine whether the use of a combination of two levels of materials for shadowing improves learners’ listening comprehension skills better than materials of similar difficulty levels. The results show that a combination of the two different difficulties of materials improves learners’ listening comprehension skills more than offering materials at only one level of difficulty. リスニング力向上は教師・学習者にとって最も難しい分野であるが、近年シャドーイングは日本で重要な役割を担っている。多くの研究では、短期間のシャドーイング訓練の効果自体は報告されているが、どのように効果的に向上させるかについては十分には深められていない。シャドーイングを用いた、より効果的な指導法を研究するために、本論ではその方法を追及する。本論の目的は、難易度の異なる教材を組み合わせた場合と同程度の難易度の教材を使用した場合のどちらが効果的かを検討することである。その結果、難易度の異なる教材を組み合わせた場合の方が効果的だということが確認された。

scholarly journals Elected Judges Lead to Less Partial Judges

Federalism-E ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
The People ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Head Of Government ◽  
Inappropriate Relationships

Canada’s government structure has long used the idea of Peace, Order, and Good government to justify the selection and subsequent terms of long political majorities and appointed justices.  This paper will be addressing the research question: should the justices of the Supreme Court of Canada be elected to increase Canadian democratic values or should they remain appointed?  Currently the Supreme Court of Canada is selected by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.   In answering this research question this paper will weigh to the pros and cons of both the current judiciary system and a judiciary section based on elections in order to prove that Supreme Court of Canada justices should stay appointed. A crucial factor in the selection of supreme court judges is the idea of judicial independence. Justices are not elected in order to ensure that there is no partisanship or inappropriate relationships between the judiciary and the legislature. It is argued that this is null and void as a result of the fact that the judges are effectively chosen by the head of government.  In the Canadian system, there lies an important balance between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches; this balance of power relies heavily on the Supreme Court being a non-partisan last check on any bills that reach it from the House. This is contrasted by the fact that the Supreme Court of Canada has last say on a plethora of issues that affect the lives of all Canadians and Canada is a constitutional monarchy, meaning that the power is always supposed to be derived from the people. Any power of government in Canada must trace its power back to the people for it to be considered legitimate.  After a compare and contrast of the effect that electing the Supreme Court of Canada will have on the judicial independence and the federal balance of power it is hypothesised that the Supreme Court of Canada should continue as an appointed body.

scholarly journals TRACING CULTURAL MORPHING AND DIASPORIC IDENTICAL APPREHENSIONS: POST-PARTITIONED (1947) CONTEXTUAL IDEOLOGIES IN LIQUID MODERN ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Hassan Bin Zubair ◽  
Dr. Nighat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
South Asian Immigrants ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
Major Subject ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era

This research explores the diasporic experiences of South Asian immigrants and cultural ambivalence in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006). It highlights the conditions when East Pakistan had to adjust to an altogether new environment separated from their original culture after the Partition of this subcontinent in the year 1947. It reveals that the same historical, ideological, and thematic properties have been coming through generations and diasporic writers select these themes as their major subject of discussion. This research explores the varied nuances of family relationships in the writings of recent diaspora writers like Desai. The surge of globalization has washed away solitary identities. Theories presented by Homi K. Bhabha and Stuart Hall help this study in finding the answers of the proposed research question. This research provides a chance to understand the impact of Post-Partitioned (1947) ideologies behind the theme selection in the writings of diasporic Anglophone writers.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Outbreak Situations in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Hasinur Rahaman Khan ◽  
Ahmed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Projection Technique ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Administrative Units

AbstractCOVID-19 disease, as popularly known as Coronavirus 2019 disease, has been emerged from Wuhan, China in December 2019 and now is a pandemic for almost every nation in the earth. It affects every country without considering country’s race, nationality and economic status. This paper aims at analysing primarily the current situations of Bangladesh and predicting infections and deaths for moderated term intervals by a proposed projection technique called Infection Trajectory-Pathway Strategy (ITPS) and for short term intervals prediction for total infections, deaths along with total number of severe patients and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients by polynomial regression modeling approach. Since April 7, Bangladesh has started to face critical situations as the number of infections has accelerated very fast in the following days. However, the fatality rate decreases considerably from 15.7 on April 1 to 4.9 on April 14, which is still high among the south asian countries. Of the 1012 cases reported on April 14, almost 70% are the male, 42% are from the capital Dhaka. We have found that the potential pathway of infections for Bangldesh would be the similar pathways that are experienced by Austria, Netherlands, Israel, France and United Kingdom. These countries are ahead a number of weeks and days in terms of infection cases since their 100-th confirmed cases. Our proposed projection method ITPS suggests that by May 10, Bangladesh will cross 12000 incidences and 720 deaths which, by May 16 will be 27000 and 1644 respectively. On the other hand, the regression model suggests that by the end of April, total number of infections, deaths, severe patients and ICU patients will be 5780, 347, 775, and 694 respectively. This study will be favorable for the administrative units of Bangladesh to plan for the next few weeks and to consider various aspects related to the control of COVID-19 outspread in Bangladesh.

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