scholarly journals Typhlitis Associated With Natural Trichuris sp. Infection in Cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Judit M. Wulcan ◽  
Jennifer K. Ketzis ◽  
Michelle M. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Worm Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Trichuris spp. infections can cause typhlitis or typhlocolitis in many species, but there are no published studies about its pathology in cats. Trichuris sp. infection in cats appears to be rare in most parts of the world but is frequent in some tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of this study was to describe intestinal lesions associated with natural Trichuris sp. infections in cats of St. Kitts, West Indies. Comprehensive autopsies, histopathological assessment of small and large intestine, and total worm counts were performed in a cross-sectional study of 30 consecutive feline mortalities. Trichuris were found in 17 of 30 (57%; 95% confidence interval, 39%–74%) of the study cats with a median worm count of 11 (range, 1–170), indicating most cats had a low-intensity infection. Trichuris infection was associated with typhlitis but not consistency of feces or body condition score. In most cats examined, the typhlitis was categorized as mild (10/15, 67%) and, less frequently, moderate (2/15, 13%) or marked (3/15, 20%). The inflammatory infiltrate varied from predominantly eosinophilic (5/15, 33%) to neutrophilic (4/15, 27%), a mixture of eosinophilic and neutrophilic (2/15, 13%), a mixture of neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic (1/15, 7%), or a mixture of eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and lymphoplasmacytic (3/15, 20%). In some cats, surface erosions and catarrhal exudate were adjacent to adult worms. These findings are similar to those reported with low-intensity Trichuris infections in other species.

scholarly journals Lameness in Sheltered Cows and Its Association with Cow and Shelter Attributes

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Injuries ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The sheltering of old, unproductive and abandoned cows in traditional cow shelters, known as gaushalas, has been practiced in India since ancient times. Cows are kept in these shelters until they die of natural causes. The welfare of the cows in these shelters was assessed through a cross-sectional study of 54 cow shelters in six states of India. A total of 1620 cows were examined to assess the prevalence of lameness in these cows, and the associated risk factors for lameness were identified through the measurement of animal-based and resource-based welfare indicators. The overall lameness prevalence was 4.2%. The majority (86%) had mild to moderate hock joint swellings but no or only mild carpal joint injuries. Approximately one-half had mild to moderate hock joint hair loss and most were free of hock joint ulcerations. Claw overgrowth was present in almost one half of the cows. Lameness prevalence was positively correlated with coat dirtiness, hock and carpal joint lesions, diarrhea and claw overgrowth scores. In a multivariate analysis, lameness prevalence increased as the Body Condition Score (BCS) decreased and was associated with increased udder dirtiness, the ulceration of the hock joint, carpal joint injuries and claw overgrowth. Resource-based indicators measured at the shelter level suggested that an absence of bedding in the sheds and an increase in the gradient of the shed flooring increased lameness. Addressing the principle risk factors identified for lameness in the sheltered cows (low body condition, dirty udders, lesions on the hock and carpal joints, overgrown claws, and a steep floor gradient) may help to reduce this serious animal welfare problem.

scholarly journals The Association between Type and Intensity of Sport and Tobacco or Nicotine Use—A Cross-Sectional Study among Young Swiss Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8299
Author(s):  
Marine Gossin ◽  
Gerhard Gmel ◽  
Joseph Studer ◽  
Mathieu Saubade ◽  
Carole Clair
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Lower Likelihood

The objective of this study was to assess the association between tobacco/nicotine use and type and intensity of sport. Data were drawn from the second follow-up of the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. Young Swiss men completed a questionnaire about tobacco/nicotine use (cigarette, vaping, snus, snuff), type and intensity of sport and other demographic and medical variables. Among the 5414 included participants (mean age 25.5), 3434 (63.4%) reported regularly practicing a sport. They had a lower rate of cigarette smoking (32.3%) compared with participants not practicing a sport (44.6%) but a higher rate of snus use (15.0% vs. 10.0%). In adjusted models, individual-sport participants were less likely to use snus and snuff (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.51–0.77 and OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61–0.88), compared with team-sport participants. The association was inversed for vaping users (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.03–2.30). Furthermore, participants who practiced high-intensity sports had a lower likelihood to smoke cigarettes (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.52–0.78) compared with low-intensity sports. Our findings suggest that type and intensity of sport are associated with tobacco/nicotine use. Youth who practice an individual sport are less likely to use snus or snuff and more likely to vape compared with a team sport. This could help better target smoking prevention in young people

scholarly journals Dental implant practice in French West Indies and French Guyana: a cross-sectional study among dental practitioners

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Floriane Dulin ◽  
Jean-Marie Marteau ◽  
Jean-Christophe Fricain ◽  
Mathilde Fénelon
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
French Guyana ◽  
Implant Dentistry

Background: In 2016, 459 dentists were registered in French West Indies and French Guyana. They represent 10% of French clinicians but they work in an environment very different from continental France. The aim of this study was to describe dental implantology practices among dentists in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guyana. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study, with questionnaires sent by email, was conducted from November 2016 to January 2017. Results: 116 practitioners answered. Respondents were all general practitioners, except two dentists who practiced only surgical procedures (not specialists). Implant surgeries were provided by 50% respondents and soft-tissue or hard-tissue grafting were provided by 34.5% of the sample. Prosthodontic procedures were carried out by 62.9% respondents. At last, 34.5% of the sample were not involved in implant services. Discussion: The proportion of dentists who performed implant procedures was similar to that reported in other international studies and French survey. The percentage of dentists not involved in implant dentistry still significant and the most frequently reported barriers were the expense of treatment, patient's difficulties to afford the treatment and the lack of knowledge. Conclusion: The practice of implant dentistry is widespread in French West Indies and French Guyana. Dental implant use was not different between clinicians of Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guyana. The number of dentists who received local implant training was lower in French Guyana.

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