Assessment of aerobic capacity and walking economy of unilateral transfemoral amputees

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje Gjovaag ◽  
Inger M Starholm ◽  
Peyman Mirtaheri ◽  
Fride W Hegge ◽  
Katrine Skjetne
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Transfemoral Amputee ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Small Muscle ◽  
Walking Economy ◽  
And Control

Background:Studies of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of transfemoral amputees have mostly used protocols that activate a relatively small muscle mass. Consequently, transfemoral amputee VO2maxmay be systematically underestimated, and the validity of these test protocols is questionable.Objectives:(1) Investigate validity and reliability of a VO2maxwalking protocol and (2) compare the VO2maxof a transfemoral amputee group with a group of matching controls.Study design:(1) Randomized crossover study: walking versus running VO2maxfor the control group and (2) case-control study: transfemoral amputees versus control group VO2max.Methods:Twelve transfemoral amputees and control participants performed a walking VO2maxtest with increasing treadmill inclinations to voluntary exhaustion. The control group also completed a running (“gold-standard”) VO2maxtest.Results:Mean (standard deviation) control group VO2maxfollowing walking and running was similar, that is, 2.99 (0.6) L min−1and 3.09 (0.7) L min−1, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) transfemoral amputee walking VO2maxwas 2.14 (0.8) L min−1(compared to CON; p < 0.01). Mean intraclass correlation coefficient of repeated VO2measurements was 0.97, and within-subjects standard deviation was 60 mL min−1.Conclusions:The walk protocol is valid. Walking VO2maxof transfemoral amputees was 40% lower compared to control group. Reliability of the walking protocol is comparable to other walking protocols.Clinical relevanceThe design, alignment, and materials of prostheses are important for effective ambulation. Cardio-respiratory fitness is, however, also important in this regard, and a low fitness may compromise health and independent living. Hence, transfemoral amputees with low physical fitness should engage in regular physical activity to improve health, gait capacity, and independency.

scholarly journals The Accuracy and Reliability of Tooth Shade Selection Using Different Instrumental Techniques: An In Vitro Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7490
Author(s):  
Nattapong Sirintawat ◽  
Tanyaporn Leelaratrungruang ◽  
Pongsakorn Poovarodom ◽  
Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen ◽  
Parinya Amornsettachai
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
B Values ◽  
Cie Lab ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shade Selection

This study aimed to investigate and compare the reliability and accuracy of tooth shade selection in the model using 30 milled crowns via five methods: (1) digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera with twin flash (TF) and polarized filter (DSLR + TF), (2) DSLR camera with a ring flash (RF) and polarized filter (DSLR + RF), (3) smartphone camera with light corrector and polarized filter (SMART), (4) intraoral scanner (IOS), and (5) spectrophotometer (SPEC). These methods were compared with the control group or manufacturer’s shade. The CIE Lab values (L, a, and b values) were obtained from five of the methods to indicate the color of the tooth. Adobe Photoshop was used to generate CIE Lab values from the digital photographs. The reliability was calculated from the intraclass correlation based on two repetitions. The accuracy was calculated from; (a) ΔE calculated by the formula comparing each method to the control group, (b) study and control groups were analyzed by using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and (c) the relationship between study and control groups were calculated using Spearman’s correlation. The reliability of the intraclass correlation of L, a, and b values obtained from the five methods showed satisfactory correlations ranging from 0.732–0.996, 0.887–0.994, and 0.884–0.999, respectively. The ΔE from all groups had statistically significant differences when compared to the border of clinical acceptance (ΔE = 6.8). The ΔE from DSLR + TF, DSLR + RF, SMART, and SPEC were higher than clinical acceptance (ΔE > 6.8), whereas the ΔE from IOS was 5.96 and all of the L, a, and b values were not statistically significantly different from the manufacturer’s shade (p < 0.01). The ΔE of the DSLR + RF group showed the least accuracy (ΔE = 19.98), whereas the ∆E of DSLR + TF, SMART, and SPEC showed similar accuracy ∆E (ΔE = 10.90, 10.57, and 11.57, respectively). The DSLR camera combined with a ring flash system and polarized filter provided the least accuracy. The intraoral scanner provided the highest accuracy. However, tooth shade selection deserves the combination of various techniques and a professional learning curve to establish the most accurate outcome.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Group Play Therapy on the Insecure Attachment and Social Skills of Orphans in Ahvaz City

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Bahareh Mousavi ◽  
Sahar Safarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Play Therapy ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Play Therapy ◽  
Group Play ◽  
And Control

<p class="apa">This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the group play therapy on the insecure attachment and social skills of orphans in Ahvaz city. Statistical population included all orphans in Ahvaz city, of whom 30 students were selected whose scores in insecure attachment and in social skills were one standard deviation higher and one standard deviation lower than the mean, respectively and they were randomly divided into two treatment (15 persons) and control (15 persons) groups. The research tools included Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (2000) (RADQ) and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) questionnaire (Gresham and Elliot, 1990). This is an experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up by the control group. Firstly, pretest was implemented for both groups, and then experimental intervention (play therapy) was carried out for the treatment group during 10 sessions. After the therapeutic program, the posttest and two months later follow-up were implemented. The results obtained using the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis showed that group play therapy reduces the insecure attachment and increases the social skills at P &lt; 0.001 during the stages of posttest and follow-up in the treatment group compared to the control group. Results also indicated that there is a significant difference between posttest and follow-up of the treatment and control group in terms of the components of social skills (collaboration, assertiveness, and self-control).</p>

Validation of an Instrument for Real-Time Assessment of Neonatal Intubation Skills: A Randomized Controlled Simulation Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindie J.M.K. Kuijpers ◽  
Mathijs Binkhorst ◽  
Nicole K. Yamada ◽  
Romy N. Bouwmeester ◽  
Arno F.J. van Heijst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Patient Simulator ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Time Assessment

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of real-time assessment of a previously developed neonatal intubation scoring instrument (NISI). Study Design We performed a randomized controlled simulation study at a simulation-based research and training facility. Twenty-four clinicians experienced in neonatal intubation (“experts”) and 11 medical students (“novices”) performed two identical elective intubations on a neonatal patient simulator. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, receiving predefined feedback between the two intubations, or the control group, receiving no feedback. Using the previously developed NISI, all intubations were assessed, both in real time and remotely on video. Construct validity was evaluated by (1) comparing the intubation performances, expressed as percentage scores, with and without feedback, and (2) correlating the intubation performances with the subjects' level of experience. The intrarater reliability, expressed as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), of real-time assessment compared with video-based assessment was determined. Results The intervention group contained 18 subjects, the control group 17. Background characteristics and baseline intubation scores were comparable in both groups. The median (IQR) change in percentage scores between the first and second intubation was significantly different between the intervention and control group (11.6% [4.7–22.8%] vs. 1.4% [0.0–5.7%], respectively; p = 0.013). The 95% CI for this 10.2% difference was 2.2 to 21.4%. The subjects' experience level correlated significantly with their percentage scores (Spearman's R = 0.70; p <0.01). ICC's were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–0.97) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89–0.97) for the first and second intubation, respectively. Conclusion Our NISI has construct validity and is reliable for real-time assessment. Key Points

scholarly journals Effect of Education Based on Extended Theory of Planned Behavior on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Pregnant Women in Darmian in 2017

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar Rasoli ◽  
Gholamreza Masoudy ◽  
Hossein Ansari ◽  
Hossein Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Extended Theory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background: Appropriate breastfeeding reduces health disorders and death among infants. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of educational intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 168 pregnant women from 20 health centers were allocated into intervention and control groups by a multi-stage sampling method. The data collecting tool included demographic and constructs of an extended theory of planned behavior. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by an expert panel and Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. The educational methods encompassed face to face training, pamphlet and flashcards distribution, and clip presentation. Two 45-minute educational sessions were conducted; the data were recollected 6 months after the delivery. Results: The mean ages of the intervention and control group were 29 ± 6 and 28.7 ± 5.9. The pregnancy rate and age of the pregnancy in the intervention group were 2.7 ± 1.4 and 29 weeks, respectively. After the intervention, the mean score of the behavior in the intervention group increased compared to the control group. The intention (B = 0.4, P = 0.01) and perceived behavior control (B = 0.42, P = 0.03) were the predictors of the behavior. Conclusions: The structures of the extended theory of planned behavior are suitable framework to promote exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women.

scholarly journals KEBERKESANAN KAEDAH FLIPPED CLASSROOM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN MENGOLAH ISI KARANGAN MURID-MURID SEKOLAH RENDAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Md Fadzil Masri ◽  
Zamri Mahamod
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi mengkaji keberkesanan kaedah Flipped Classroom dalam meningkatkan kemahiran mengolah isi karangan Bahasa Melayu tahun 6. Kajian kuasi-eksperimen ini adalah berbentuk kuantitatif. Kajian ini dijalankan kepada 31 responden bagi kumpulan eksperimen yang diajar menggunakan kaedah Flipped Classroom dan 28 responden bagi kumpulan kawalan. Instrumen yang digunakan merangkumi ujian pra, ujian pasca, dan senarai semak. Instrumen ujian pra dan pasca dilaksanakan bagi melihat hasil dalam perbezaan prestasi penulisan isi karangan bagi kumpulan eksperimen dan kawalan. Instrumen senarai semak digunakan bagi melihat aspek pengolahan isi karangan murid. Data yang diperoleh telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23.0. Hasil kajian juga dianalisis menggunakan ujian-t. Skor min bagi kumpulan eksperimen ialah 20.64 dengan sisihan piawai 2.244 menunjukkan dapatan yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan skor min bagi kumpulan kawalan 14.00 dan sisihan piawai 3.620. Hasil kajian ini boleh digunakan para guru untuk menggunakan kaedah Flipped Classroom dalam topik atau mata muridan lain dengan lebih berkesan dan bersistematik. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Flipped Classroom in improving writing skills in converting the Malay 6. In this quasi-experimental study was quantitative. This study was conducted on 31 respondents for the experimental group taught using the Flipped Classroom method and 28 respondents for the control group. The instruments used include pre-test, post-test, and checklist. Pre- and post-test instruments were implemented to see the results in the differences in essay writing performance for the experimental and control groups. The checklist instrument is used to look at the processing aspects of student essay content. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23.0 software. The results of the study were also analyzed using t-test. The mean score for the experimental group was 20.64 with a standard deviation of 2.244 showing higher findings when compared to the mean score for the control group 14.00 and a standard deviation of 3.620. The results of this study can be used by teachers to use the Flipped Classroom method in other students' topics or points more effectively and systematically.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE 5E TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 19 PALEMBANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Choirunniswah Choirunniswah ◽  
Dini Afriansyah ◽  
Titin Veronika
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
And Control

This study aims to determine the effect of Learning Cycle 5E learning model on the mastery ofthe concept of human circulatory system. This research was conducted at State Junior HighSchool 19 Palembang on January 04 until February 19, 2017. The research method used in thisresearch is a quasi experiment with Noquivalent Control Group Design research design.Population in this study all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Palembang consisting of 8classes, amounting to 298 students. Sampling was used by using purvosive sampling technique.The sample of this study class VIII.7 as the experiment amounted to 38 and class VIII.8 as acontrol class amounted to 35 students. In the learning process, experimental class is taught byusing Learning Cycle 5E model and control class is taught with Direct Intruction model. Dataretrieval uses conception master test with open multiple choice form which has been tested forits validity and reliability. The results of this study indicate that the average N-gain of theexperimental class is 0.69 which belongs to the medium category and the average N-gain forthe control class is 0.30 which belongs to the low category. Data analysis using t-test withsignificant level 0,05 obtained tcount = 6,568 while ttabel = 1,669 seen that tcount. Therefore(Ha) accepted and (H0) rejected thus can be concluded that there is a significant influence onLearning Cycle 5E learning model on the mastery of the concept of circulation system ofhuman class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Palembang

scholarly journals The Effect Of The Fink Model In The Achievement Of The Psychology Principles of The Fifth Grade Students And Their Mental Motivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
Dr.Ahlam Jami
Keyword(s):  
Female Students ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The research aims at identifying the effect of the Fink model in the achievement of the psychology principles of the fifth grade students and their mental motivation. The experimental design of the experimental and control groups was used. The researcher randomly selected Division B to represent the experimental group that is taught according to the Fink model, (A) The control group studying the traditional method, the number of female students (60) students by (30) students in each division. The two groups were equalized in the variables: age, intelligence, mental motivation. The researcher prepared the research tool which is the achievement test and verified the validity and reliability of the test, the adoption of the mental motivation scale and the testing of the psychometric characteristics. The researcher used the T-test for two independent data processing , The results showed the superiority of the experimental group in achievement and mental motivation via the control group

scholarly journals The Influence of the SWOT Analysis Strategy on the Achievement of the Fifth Preparatory Literary Class Students’ Evaluative Thinking at History

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Qasim Irzooqi Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Evaluative Thinking ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study aims to identify the influence of the SWOT analysis strategy on the achievement of the fifth preparatory literary class students’ evaluative thinking at history. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control of the experimental and control groups and the post-test to achieve the objectives of the present study. The researcher randomly chose Section (B) to represent the experimental group that It is taught according to the SWOT analysis strategy, and Section (A) to represent the control group that is taught according to the traditional method. The number of the two research groups reached (62) students, of which (31) students were in the experimental group and (31) students were in the control group. The two groups were equalized in the variables, including the chronological age, the achievement of the fourth class at history, and the evaluative thinking. The two research tools; the achievement test and its validity and reliability were verified. The evaluative thinking test and its psychometric properties were verified. The researcher used the t-test) For two independent samples for data processing. The results show the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in terms of achievement and evaluative thinking.

scholarly journals Influence of pilates and quick massage on depression, anxiety and fatigue in banking sector workers: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Danillo Barbosa ◽  
Renata Michele Angelo de Oliveira ◽  
Ivo I. Kerppers ◽  
Gabriela Xavier ◽  
Mônica Beatriz Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Value ◽  
Massage Group ◽  
Health Objectives ◽  
And Control

Background: The health of the worker is inserted within the public health, and comprises a link between production, work and health. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of quick massage and pilates on the level of depression, anxiety and fatigue in employees of a bank. Method: This is a clinical, controlled, randomized, blind study. The study had 70 subjects, but only 50 were included. They were divided into 3 groups: quick massage group (n= 20), pilates group (n= 20) and control group (n= 10). They were evaluated in 3, 6 and 9 months and the protocol was applied 3 times per week. Results: the results were expressed as mean and standard deviation, followed by the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), obtaining a value of p<0.0198. However, it was observed, when presenting the detailed data of each group (mean and standard deviation), that the quick massage group presented a small advantage with 4.03 ± 0.82 (6 months) and 3.43 ± 1.15 (12 months), whereas the pilates group were 6.21 ± 1.98016 (3 months), 4.26 ± 0.57873 (6 months) and 4.14 ± 0.63 (9 months). Conclusion: it is concluded that the quick massage techniques and the Pilates protocol have shown great potential in the reduction of anxiety, depression and fatigue.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of a teaching strategy given to the model of Ausubel in the Achievement of the Ninth Grade female students in biology and their attitudes towards it: فاعلية استخدام استراتيجية تدريس قائمة على نموذج أوزوبل في تحصيل طالبات الصف التاسع الأساسي بمادة الأحياء واتجاهاتهن نحوها

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Hamed Hamadeen, Mohammad Falah Al-shugairat
Keyword(s):  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Concept Maps ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The study aimed to reveal the effect of the use of a teaching strategy given to the model of Ausubel in the Achievement of the Ninth Grade female students in biology and their attitudes towards it. The study sample consisted of (44) female students, assigned randomly into two group: the experimental group consisted of (21) students taught using teaching strategy given to the model of Ausubel (concept mapping), and control group consisting of (23) students taught using conventional teaching. The study tools consist of two instruments were developed, the achievement test and the trend scale towards biology, and after verifying the validity and reliability have been applied to study tools triabl group and then teaching the experimental group using the model of Ausubel (concept mapping) and the control group in the usual way. The results of study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups on the achievement in favor of the experimental groups, in addition to the impact of teaching using the strategy of concept maps in developing the students' direction towards biology. In light of the study findings, some recommendations were offered.

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