Chromium oxide nanoparticle–induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in the kidneys and brain of Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 911-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravish Fatima ◽  
Kafil Akhtar ◽  
M Mobarak Hossain ◽  
Riaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Histopathological Alterations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles

Chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3 NPs) have a wide range of applications in industry. They are used as pigments, catalysts, wear-resistant or high-temperature-resistant coating material and are used in liquid crystal displays. In view of ever escalating use of NPs, risk assessment becomes obligatory to ensure the safety of both human health and the ecosystem. The present study was designed and conducted to evaluate biochemical changes and histopathological alterations in kidneys and brain of rats, following exposure to Cr2O3 NPs. Male Wistar rats were divided into low-dose (50 µg/100 g body weight (bwt) groups and high-dose (200 µg/100 g bwt) groups. Each group type received oral administration of Cr2O3 NPs for multiple durations (single dosing, once daily for 7 days and once daily for 14 days, respectively). According to our data, this allotment presented a meaningful picture of NPs behaviour in different scenarios. In the kidneys and brain of Cr2O3 NPs-exposed animals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration along with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to controls. Histopathological changes in these organs confirmed cellular injury and functional damage due to exposure to Cr2O3 NPs. In this study, we have distinguished pathological alterations consequent to deleterious oxidative stress due to enhanced ROS generation after Cr2O3 NPs exposure.

scholarly journals Effect of Heweianshen Decoction on Orexin-A and Cholecystokinin-8 Expression in Rat Models of Insomnia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Fagen Li ◽  
Shaodan Li ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Ke Cao ◽  
Minghui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Blank Group ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Objective. To study the effect of Heweianshen decoction (HAD) on orexin-A and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) expression in rat models of insomnia caused by injecting parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) intraperitoneally.Methods. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (10 rats in each group): blank group, model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose HAD-treated groups. A rat model of insomnia was established by injecting intraperitoneally with PCPA (300 mg/kg body weight). Rats were given normal saline (10 mL/kg) or 5.25, 10.5, and 21 g/kg HAD by intragastric administration once a day for 6 days. After that, the rats were sacrificed to collect the hypothalamus for tests, using radioimmunoassay to detect the expression of orexin-A and CCK-8.Results. Heweianshen decoction reduced the expression of orexin-A and increased the expression of CCK-8 in the hypothalamus of rat model of insomnia.Conclusion. The therapeutic effect of HAD on insomnia is partially attributed to the decreased expression of orexin-A and increased expression of CCK-8.

scholarly journals Hepatotherapeutic Tendency of Citrullus lanatus Rind Methanolic Extract on Liver Markers in Male Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ilochi Ogadinma ◽  
Chuemere Arthur Nwafor ◽  
Bassy Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

It is a common practice to dispose the peel or rind of fruits. Interestingly, some parts of fruits humans find unacceptable to eat actually possess bioactive nutrients that can be used for medicinal purposes.  The effect of methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus rind on liver function in normal male wistar rats was studied. 24 wistar rats with body weight between 150-250 g were used for this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, with 6 rats in each. Group 1 contained the control given normal saline and feed; group 2, low dose, 50mg/kg of methanolic extract of  Citrullus lanatus rind was administered, group 3 and 4 were administered medium and high dose of Citrullus lanatus rind extract 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively. The Citrullus lanatus rind extract was administered via orogastric route and the experiment lasted for a period of 56 days. Blood samples were collected by left ventricular cardiac puncture for liver function test at the last day of the experiment.  The outcome of this research revealed that medium and high dose administration of citrullus lanatus rind significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the serum level of liver enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and also total protein.There was a non-significant (P≤0.05) change in serum total bilirubin and albumin when all doses were compared to the control. Prolonged and moderate ingestion of Citrullus lanatus rind may be of benefit in regulating blood level of liver enzymes; hence, this part of the fruit has therapeutic value.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Carbon Tetrachloride – Induced Hepatoxicity by Dacryodes edulis Seeds Ethanolic Extract in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9490-9500
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Dacryodes edulis (African pear) seed has a long history of use in ethnomedicine. However, there is a paucity of information on its ameliorative potential on hepatic damage. In the present study, the potentials of D. edulis ethanolic seed extract (DET) in attenuating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats was assessed. Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) designated: control, CCl4, and DET, respectively. Animals in the control group were administered 2 mL/kg body weight corn oil, while those assigned to CCl4 and DET groups were administered i.p. 30% CCl4 in corn oil (1:1 v/v) at 2 mL/kg. Treatment was administered once every 24 h consecutively for 72 h. Thereafter, control and CCl4 groups were treated once daily with 1 mL distilled water by gavage, while DET rats were treated once daily with 1500 mg/kg DET by gavage. At every 7 days interval and for 28 consecutive days, animals were starved overnight, weighed, and six rats from each group were sacrificed under anesthesia to collect blood and liver samples. After 28 days, remarkable improvements in feed intake, body weight, serum levels of hepatic function indicators, and hepatic histology were observed in DET rats compared to CCl4 rats. These results suggest a possible ameliorative potential of D. edulis ethanolic seed extract against CCl4-induced hepatic injury.

scholarly journals Diosmin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation and Apoptosis via NfkB and MAPK Pathway: A Preclinical Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1998
Author(s):  
Abdullah F. AlAsmari ◽  
Metab Alharbi ◽  
Faleh Alqahtani ◽  
Fawaz Alasmari ◽  
Mohammed AlSwayyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Hepatotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin) is of critical concern in cancer therapy. This study focused on investigating the modulatory effects of diosmin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I was served as control, Group II was treated with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.), Group III was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and low-dose diosmin (100 mg/kg orally), and Group IV was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and high-dose diosmin (200 mg/kg orally) supplementation. A single dose of doxorubicin (i.p.) caused hepatic impairment, as shown by increases in the concentrations of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Doxorubicin produced histological abnormalities in the liver. In addition, a single injection of doxorubicin increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Importantly, pre-treatment with diosmin restored hepatic antioxidant factors and serum enzymatic activities and reduced the inflammatory and apoptotic-mediated proteins and genes. These findings demonstrate that diosmin has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Genotoxic effects of chromium oxide nanoparticles and microparticles in Wistar rats after 28 days of repeated oral exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 3914-3924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Srinivas Chinde ◽  
Sarika Srinivas Kalyan Kamal ◽  
M.F. Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect of Quercetin in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napatr Sriraksa ◽  
Jintanaporn Wattanathorn ◽  
Supaporn Muchimapura ◽  
Somsak Tiamkao ◽  
Kamoltip Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Neuron Density ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Oxidative stress has been reported to induce cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. This paper aimed to determine the effect of quercetin, a substance possessing antioxidant activity, on the cognitive function in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Male Wistar rats, weighing 200–250 g, were orally given quercetin at doses of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg BW once daily for a period of 14 days before and 14 days after the unilateral lesion of right substantia nigra induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Their spatial memory was assessed at 7 and 14 days of treatment and neuron density was determined, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated at the end of the experiment. In addition, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was also measured. It was found that all doses of quercetin enhanced spatial memory. Therefore, it is suggested that the cognitive-enhancing effect of quercetin occurs partly because of decreased oxidative damage resulting in increased neuron density.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Curcumin Nanoparticles Normalise Blood Pressure in Male Wistar Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan du Preez ◽  
Jessica Pahl ◽  
Meenakshi Arora ◽  
M. N. V. Ravi Kumar ◽  
Lindsay Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Curcumin Nanoparticles ◽  
Diastolic Stiffness ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Nanoparticle formulations improve bioavailability and so may allow low-dose formulations of food-derived compounds such as curcumin to attenuate chronic systemic disease despite intrinsically low oral bioavailability. The current study induced metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rats aged eight–nine weeks using a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) with corn starch diet (C) as control. Using a reversal protocol, rats were given curcumin as either nanoparticles encapsulated in poly(lactic–co–glycolic acid) (5 mg/kg/day, HCNP) or as an unformulated low dose or high-dose suspension in water (low-dose, 5 mg/kg/day, HC5; high-dose, 100 mg/kg/day, HC100) or blank nanoparticles (HBNP) for the final eight weeks of the 16 week study. We analysed cardiovascular parameters including systolic blood pressure and left ventricular diastolic stiffness along with histopathology, liver parameters including plasma liver enzymes, histopathology and metabolic parameters, including glucose tolerance, blood lipid profile and body composition, and plasma curcumin concentrations. HC100 and HCNP but not HBNP normalised systolic blood pressure (C = 120 ± 4; H = 143 ± 5; HBNP = 141 ± 3; HC5 = 143 ± 4; HC100 = 126 ± 4; HCNP = 128 ± 4 mmHg), left ventricular diastolic stiffness and liver fat deposition. No other improvements were induced in HC100 or HCNP or other intervention groups (HC5 and HBNP). We conclude that 5 mg/kg/day curcumin nanoparticles in H rats showed similar improvements in cardiovascular function as 100 mg/kg/day unformulated curcumin correlating with similar plasma curcumin concentrations.

Effects of single or combined administration of salmon calcitonin and omega-3 fatty acids vs. diclofenac sodium in sodium monoiodoacetate-induced knee osteoarthritis in male Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wale J. Adeyemi ◽  
Luqman A. Olayaki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractBackground:There is a continuous search for a better therapy in osteoarthritis (OA) management. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of salmon calcitonin (Sct) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (N-3) relative to diclofenac sodium (DF) in induced knee osteoarthritic male Wistar rats.Methods:The 40 rats that were used in this study were divided into 8 groups (n=5 rats), viz: Normal control; OA control; OA+N-3; OA+Low dose of Sct (Sct.Lw); OA+High dose of Sct (Sct.Hi); OA+N-3+SCt.Lw; OA+N-3+Sct.Hi; and, OA+DF. OA was induced with 4 mg of sodium monoiodoacetate in 40 μL of saline. The solution was injected into the left knee joint space of anaesthetised rats. Sct was administered at 2.5 and 5.0 IU/kg b.w. (Results:Sct and/or N-3 significantly reduced c-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1), collagen type 2 α-1 (C2M), malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid (UA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but, significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) after OA induction. Both therapies had additive effects on C2M, MDA, SOD, and catalase (CAT), but, non-additive actions on UA, IL-6, and CTX-1. Like the Sct and N-3, DF significantly reduced CTX-1, C2M, UA, and IL-6. However, it had no significant effect on SOD and MDA, even though it significantly reduced CAT activity. None of the therapies had significant effect on total alkaline phosphatase activity, except N-3+Sct.Lw.Conclusions:The combined, and sometimes the single administration of Sct and N-3 proved to be better therapies in OA management than DF.

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