scholarly journals Sex-Specific Association Between Socioeconomic Status, Lifestyle, and the Risk of Frailty Among the Elderly in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-yu Wang ◽  
Mufan Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Association

Background: Lifestyle contributors to frailty among the elderly were previously reported in the developed Western countries, while evidence from the less developed East Asian regions was still lacking. Due to the well-acknowledged sex-based disparity of frailty and sex-difference of socioeconomic status and lifestyle, it is worth investigating the sex-specific association between the social and behavioral contributors and the risk of frailty among the East Asian longevous population.Methods: The present study was an observational study based on the four waves of interviews of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018. The participants aged ≥65 years and without frailty at baseline were included. Fried criteria (exhaustion, shrink, weakness, low mobility, and inactivity) were adopted to identify the incidence of frailty (≥3 domains) and pre-frailty (1–2 domains) during the follow-up. The sex-specific association between lifestyle (smoke status, drinking status, food intake, sleep, exercise, and physical activity) and the risk of incident pre-frailty and frailty was analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression models.Results: Altogether, 3,327 participants aged 81.2 ± 10.3 (range 65–116) years were included. In total, 964 (29.0%) and 1,249 (37.5%) participants were recognized as having incident pre-frailty and frailty, respectively. Older women were disproportionately uneducated, frequently did housework and labor work, but seldom did exercise. Men had diverse dietary and recreational activities but were frequently exposed to tobacco and alcohol. The protective effects of higher income, exercise, doing housework, and daily intake of fresh fruits/vegetables were found in both the sexes (P < 0.05). Sleep disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.28–3.62) and labor work (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.42–3.33) were associated with the increased risk of frailty among women. For men, diverse dietary (four types of food added: OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09–0.50) showed a protective effect on the risk of frailty, but daily intake of pickled vegetables showed the opposite effect (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.12–3.07).Conclusion: Socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and the association with the risk of frailty showed substantial difference between the sexes among the longevous population in China. To establish the individualized strategy of behavioral improvement for the frailty prevention should consider the sex disparity.

scholarly journals Disability trajectories in activities of daily living of elderly Chinese before death

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-151
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Marcus W. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Early Cohort

Abstract This study aims to analyze the changes in activities of daily living (ADL) of the Chinese elderly before death, and to explore the heterogeneity in this process. Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), we quantify disability trajectories of ADL using a group-based trajectory model and find that there are three types of disability trajectory for ADL. The elderly who differ by socioeconomic status, childhood experiences, health behaviors, ages and birth cohorts show significant differences in their disability trajectories. Long duration of disability is found to be more prevalent in older females and people with high socioeconomic status. Good and stable status of ADL is more common among males and people of low socioeconomic status, while the elderly in an early cohort who died at older ages were more likely to have experienced a long duration of disability. Selective and protective effects contribute to the observed differences in trajectories.

LIVING AND HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG ELDERLY

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
B.F. DO NASCIMENTO JACINTO DE SOUZA ◽  
L. MARÍN-LEON
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

Background: The epidemiological and nutritional transition processes in the last decades underlie the rising trend of obesity in the elderly and is related to increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and decreased functional status. Objective: To analyze the association of demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related factors with overweight and obesity in elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Carried out in Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011. Participants: 452 non-institutionalized elderly (aged ≥60 years), half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the other half were neighbors of the same sex. Results:Overweight frequency (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2) was 44.5% and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 21.7%. In the multiple multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age group and economic class, there was greater chance of overweight among those that reported dyslipidemia; those that reported arthritis/ arthrosis/rheumatism and that once or more per week replaced supper by a snack were more likely to be obese. Elderly who did not leave home daily and reported diabetes had higher chance of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are associated with worse living and health-related conditions, such as physical inactivity, changes in eating behaviors, and chronic diseases. Public health policies should encourage regular physical activity and healthy eating behaviors, focusing on traditional diet, through nutritional education, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Determinants of Childhood Anemia in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkechi G. Onyeneho ◽  
Benjamin C. Ozumba ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Childhood Anemia

Abstract We analyzed a sample of 112714 children from the 2015–2016 Indian National Fertility and Health Survey with available data on hemoglobin. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to establish associations between parent anemia, household characteristics and nutritional intake of children. Linear regression analysis was also conducted to see the link between the household characteristic and childhood nutritional intake on one hand and hemoglobin levels on the other hand. A number of socio-demographic factors, namely maternal age, type of residence and maternal education, as well as wealth index, among others correlate with incidence of childhood anemia. For instance, whereas 52.9% of children in the richest households were anemic, 63.2% of children in the poorest household were anemic (p < 0.001). Mean Vitamin A intake in the last six months was 0.63 (0.626–0.634) which was 0.18% of the recommended intake. Mean iron intake, from sources other than breast milk, in the last 24 hours was 0.29 (0.286–0.294) and 2.42% of the recommended daily intake. Fifty-nine percent (58.5%) of the children surveyed were anemic (Hb level: 9.75 g/dL [9.59–9.91]). Children with anemia were more prone to being iron deficient (odds ratio [OR]: 0.981 (0.961–1.001), Vitamin A deficient (OR: 0.813 (0.794–0.833)), and have lower maternal hemoglobin level (OR: 1.992 (1.957–2.027)). Combining nutritional supplementation and food-fortification programmes with reduction in maternal anemia and family poverty may yield optimal improvement of childhood anemia in India.

Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Montagni ◽  
Elie Guichard ◽  
Claire Carpenet ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
Tobias Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether excessive screen time exposure is associated with non-migraine headache and migraine in young adults. Background Increased levels of television time have been associated with increased risk of headache. However, time spent using newer electronic devices with a screen (smartphone, tablet) has not been examined yet. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4927 participants of the French i-Share cohort. Demographic characteristics, screen time exposure (computers, tablets, smartphones and television) as well as headache/migraine symptoms were recorded in a standardized questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between screen time exposure and headache status. Results Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years and 75.5% were female. The multivariable model showed that students in the highest screen time exposure quintile had an increased risk for migraine. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.37 (1.14 to 1.66) for migraine when compared with students without headache and with low screen time exposure. This association was somewhat stronger for migraine without aura (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.89). We found no significant association between screen time exposure and non-migraine headache. Conclusion High levels of screen time exposure are associated with migraine in young adults. No significant association was found with non-migraine headache.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Group Spatial Assimilation in Inner and Outer Suburban Rings

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Grigoris Argeros
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Suburban Ring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assimilation Model

The present study examines inner and outer suburban ring attainment outcomes among racial and ethnic groups that reside in the nation’s metropolitan areas. The main objective is to evaluate the extent to which the relationship between racial and ethnic group’s socioeconomic status characteristics and residence between inner and outer suburban rings conforms to the tenets of the spatial assimilation model. Using micro-level data from the five-year 2012–2016 American Community Survey, the author calculates multinomial logistic regression models to determine the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and other relevant predictors on residence within the nation’s metropolitan area’s suburban inner and outer rings. The results both confirm and contradict the main tenets of the spatial assimilation model. To the extent that income, education, and homeownership are positively related to residence in both suburban rings, the findings also suggest that access to inner and outer rings is hierarchically stratified by race and ethnicity.

Cohabitation and Self-rated Health: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Sexual Minority Status among U.S. Cohabitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-562
Author(s):  
Russell L. Spiker
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Average Adjusted Predictions

This study examines whether health disparities between same-sex and different-sex cohabitors differ depending on socioeconomic status (SES). Previous research showed that SES mediates health disparities between different-sex and same-sex cohabitors, but less is known about its role as a potential moderator. Using data on cohabitors from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) National Health Interview Surveys (2007–2018), this study examines how the SES-health gradient shapes health disparities for same-sex and different-sex cohabitors. Average adjusted predictions from multinomial logistic regression models show that higher income-to-needs ratio is associated with improvements in self-rated health for same-sex cohabiting women relative to different-sex cohabiting women. However, results are mixed for men. As income-to-needs ratio increases, same-sex cohabiting men have higher probabilities of “excellent” or “very good” health than different-sex cohabitors; however, their risk of “poor” health increases significantly with higher income-to-needs ratios. Potential explanations related to minority stress, stress proliferation, gendered meanings of self-rated health, and selection are explored. Overall, disparities between same-sex and different-sex cohabitors differ by gender and SES, suggesting socioeconomic diversity should be considered in the study of sexual minority health.

scholarly journals Are Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Born to Obese Women at Increased Risk of Cerebral Palsy at 2 Years?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelske W. van der Burg ◽  
T. Michael O’Shea ◽  
Karl Kuban ◽  
Elizabeth N. Allred ◽  
Nigel Paneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort

The authors hypothesized that the risk of cerebral palsy at 2 years in children born extremely preterm to overweight and obese women is increased relative to the risk among children born to neither overweight nor obese women. In a multicenter prospective cohort study, the authors created multinomial logistic regression models of the risk of diparetic, quadriparetic, and hemiparetic cerebral palsy that included the prepregnancy body mass index of mothers of 1014 children born extremely preterm, cerebral palsy diagnoses of children at 2 years, as well as information about potential confounders. Overweight and obese women were not at increased risk of giving birth to a child who had cerebral palsy. The risk ratios associated with overweight varied between 1.1 for quadriparesis (95% CI = 0.5, 2.1) to 2.0 for hemiparesis (95% CI = 0.4, 9.8). The risk ratios associated with obesity varied between 0.7 for diparesis (95% CI = 0.2, 2.5) to 2.5 for hemiparesis (95% CI = 0.4, 13).

Association between Stressful Life Events and Cognitive Disorders in Central Africa: Results from the EPIDEMCA Program

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Pilleron ◽  
Maëlenn Guerchet ◽  
Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi ◽  
Pascal Mbelesso ◽  
Jean-Francois Dartigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Background: Stressful life events (SLEs) are considered potential risk factors for cognitive disorders. Our objective was to investigate the association between SLEs and cognitive disorders among the elderly people in Central Africa. Method: A population-based study was conducted in the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). Participants aged ≥65 were interviewed using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. Those who performed poorly were clinically assessed by neurologists. DSM-IV and Petersen criteria were required for a diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), respectively. SLEs were assessed through 18 questions about events that occurred during childhood, adulthood and late-life. Sociodemographic, vascular and psychological factors were also documented. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations. Results: MCI was positively associated with: the total number of SLEs (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.2), the number of SLEs from the age of 65 (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.3), the number of SLEs before the age of 16 among non-depressive participants (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.2) and with a serious illness in a child experienced when the participant was aged 65 or more (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.6). No association with dementia was observed. Conclusion: SLEs were positively associated with MCI but not dementia. More comprehensive studies are needed to further investigate this relationship.

Uptake and patterns of use of gemcitabine for stage IV pancreatic cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15074-e15074
Author(s):  
Paul Eliezer Oberstein ◽  
Dawn L. Hershman ◽  
John A. Chabot ◽  
Lauren Khanna ◽  
Beverly J. Insel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
To Receive

e15074 Background: Gemcitabine was approved by the FDA in 1996 and subsequently became the standard of care for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. We investigated the frequency and predictors of gemcitabine use among the elderly with stage IV pancreatic cancer. Methods: We used the SEER-Medicare database to identify subjects >65 years who were diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer between 1/1/98-12/31/05, and survived for >30 days following diagnosis. After excluding patients who received non-gemcitabine chemotherapy, we used multivariate logistic regression models to analyze the association between patient and tumor characteristics and receipt of gemcitabine compared to no chemotherapy. Results: Among 3,208 patients analyzed, 1,614 (50.3%) received gemcitabine chemotherapy, 1,480 (46.1%) received no chemotherapy; 114 (3.5%) received non-gemcitabine therapy and were excluded from multivariate analysis. Among patients diagnosed early in the study period (1998-2000) the rate of gemcitabine use was 44.9%. In multivariate analysis, gemcitabine use was not associated with gender, race, tumor histology, or increasing comorbidities. Unmarried patients were less likely to receive gemcitabine (OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.55-0.76), and use decreased with increasing age (for those 75-79, OR=0.72. 95% CI 0.58-0.90, for those 80-84, OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.30-0.49, for those >84, OR=0.21 95%CI 0.15-0.30) compared to those 65-69. Patients diagnosed in 2004-2005 (OR= 1.51, 95% CI 1.23-1.84) were more likely to receive gemcitabine compared to those diagnosed in 1998-2000. Higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased utilization of gemcitabine (highest quintile OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.60-2.85, second and third quintile OR=1.45, 95%CI 1.10-1.93, compared to lowest quintile.) Conclusions: Although chemotherapy for stage IV pancreatic cancer confers a small survival benefit, uptake of gemcitabine was rapid with 55% of elderly patients receiving this therapy by 2004-2005. Future studies should explore the reasons behind the increased use in patients with higher socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Homelessness and incarceration among psychiatric patients in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3719-3733
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Souto Melo ◽  
Eduardo de Paula Lima ◽  
Fabiana Cristina Ribeiro de Barros ◽  
Lidyane do Valle Camelo ◽  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalizations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of adverse life events, such as being incarcerated and homelessness in their life course. Using data from a cross-sectional multicenter study of 2,475 patients selected from 26 mental health services in Brazil, we examined the association of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and adverse life characteristics with history of homelessness, incarceration or their co-occurrence during lifetime. Odds ratios were obtained by multinomial logistic regression models. The prevalence of homelessness, incarceration and co-occurrence of these two conditions were 8.6%, 16.4%, and 9.4%, respectively. Lower income, living in unstable condition, intellectual disability, and cigarette smoking were associated with homelessness. Being male, lower schooling, sex under effect of alcohol or drugs, and multiple sex partners were associated with incarceration. Psychiatric hospitalizations, substance use, and history of sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual, physical, or verbal violence were associated with co-occurrence of both conditions. Our findings suggest that incarceration and homelessness are very prevalent and correlated in psychiatric patients in Brazil. Many of the associated factors are potentially modifiable, and may act synergistically requiring integrated care.

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