Obesity Prevention Program in Childcare Centers: Two-Year Follow-Up

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby A. Natale ◽  
Sarah E. Messiah ◽  
Lila S. Asfour ◽  
Susan B. Uhlhorn ◽  
Nicole E. Englebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: To assess the impact of an early childhood obesity prevention intervention “Healthy Caregivers–Healthy Children” (HC2) on dietary patterns and body mass index percentile (PBMI) over 2 school years. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Childcare centers. Participants: Low-income families. Intervention: Intervention centers (N = 12) received HC2 which consisted of (1) menu modifications, (2) a healthy eating and physical activity curriculum for children, and (3) a parent curriculum for healthy meal preparation, reinforced through a role-modeling curriculum. Control centers (N = 16) received an injury prevention/safety intervention. Measures: Child PBMI and parent report of child’s consumption of fruits/vegetables and unhealthy food. Analysis: Confirmatory factor analysis verified the psychometric properties of factor scores for children’s consumption of fruits/vegetables and unhealthy food. Growth curve analysis assessed the impact of HC2 on change in consumption of fruits/vegetables and unhealthy food and PBMI over 2 school years. Results: Children in the intervention group (n = 754) had a negative slope (β = −1.95, standard error [SE] = 0.97, P = .04), indicating less increase in PBMI versus control children (n = 457). Stratified analyses showed that obese children in the intervention arm had a significantly higher increase in fruit/vegetable consumption versus control group obese children (β = 0.24, SE = 0.08, P = .003). Conclusion: The HC2 intervention resulted in the maintenance of healthy PBMI over 2 preschool years among low-income multiethnic children. These findings support efforts to implement healthy weight programs in the childcare setting.

scholarly journals How to Predict the Impact of Methylphenidate on Cardiovascular Risk in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder: Methylphenidate Improves Autonomic Dysfunction in Children with ADHD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Buchhorn ◽  
Christian Müller ◽  
Christian Willaschek ◽  
Kambiz Norozi
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Heart Defect ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Impact

Background. Although stimulants have long been touted as treatments for attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD), in recent years, increasing concerns have been raised about the cardiovascular safety of these medications. We aimed to prove if measurements of autonomic function with time domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter ECG are useful to predict the risk of sudden cardiac death in ADHD children and adolescents. Methods. We analysed HRV obtained from children with the diagnosis of ADHD prior to (N=12) or during medical therapy (N=19) with methylphenidate (MPH), aged 10.8±2.0 years (mean ± SD), who were referred to our outpatient Paediatric Cardiology Clinic to rule out heart defect. As a control group, we compared the HRV data of 19 age-matched healthy children without heart defect. Results. Average HRV parameters from 24-hour ECG in the ADHD children prior to MPH showed significant lower values compared to healthy children with respect to rMSSD (26±4 ms versus 44±10 ms, P≤0.0001) and pNN50 (6.5±2.7% versus 21.5±9.0%, P≤0.0001). These values improved in MPH-treated children with ADHD (RMSSD: 36±8 ms; pNN50: 14.2±6.9%). Conclusion. Children who suffer from ADHD show significant changes in HRV that predominantly reflects diminished vagal tone, a well-known risk factor of sudden cardiac death in adults. In our pilot study, MPH treatment improved HRV.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ASTHMAAND ITS MEDICATIONS ON DENTAL CARIES STATUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Sneha Upadhyay ◽  
Jyoti Bhavthankar ◽  
Mandakini Mandale ◽  
Nivedita Kaorey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Asthma and its medications have been linked to oral diseases in asthmatic children. Aim: Assessment of the dental caries status, salivary Streptococcus mutans count and S. mutans colony score in children receiving inhaled anti asthmatic medications and their comparison in healthy children Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 asthmatic children and 40 healthy children in the age group of 6-14 years. DMFT/deft indices were calculated and saliva samples were collected. Diluted saliva was inoculated on MSB agar plates. S. mutans count and colony score were analysed after 24-48 hours of inoculation. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean DMFT/deft index, salivary S. mutans load and S. mutans colony score in children of the asthmatic group and control group. Conclusion: Prevalence of dental caries and cariogenic bacteria is higher in asthmatic children.

Impact of Medicaid expansion on pancreatic cancer care: A difference-in-difference analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18567-e18567
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hamad ◽  
Mariam Eskander ◽  
Yaming Li ◽  
Oindrila Bhattacharyya ◽  
James L Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expansion Period

e18567 Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased insurance coverage for low-income individuals, which should potentially lead to better access to care and improved oncological outcomes. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of Medicaid expansion (ME) on care for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: Patients who were uninsured or on Medicaid and diagnosed with PDAC between 2004 and 2017 were queried from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Two different expansion cohorts were included: early expansion states and 2014 expansion states. For early expansion states, the time period of pre-expansion was 2004-2009 and post-expansion was 2010-2017. As for the 2014 expansion states, the pre-expansion period was from 2004-2013 and post-expansion period was from 2014-2017. Patients in non-expansion states formed the control group. A difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was used to assess the association of ME with stage of diagnosis, treatment and survival for each expansion cohort. Results: In both early and January 2014 expansion states, there was an increase in overall Medicaid coverage (Early: DID = 0.29, 2014: DID = 0.37; P < 0.001), in particular for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Black patients (Non-Hispanic Black: Early: DID = 0.11, 2014: DID = 0.11; P < 0.001, Hispanic-Black: 2014: DID = 0.20; P = 0.003). There were no differences in early stage diagnosis (Early: DID = 0.02, 2014: DID = -0.02; P > 0.05). There was an increase in the number of patients receiving surgery (Early: DID = 0.05; P = 0.001, 2014: DID = 0.03; P = 0.029) but no difference in time to surgery among patients receiving surgery upfront (Early: DID = 1.75, 2014: DID = 0.38; P > 0.05). There was no difference in 30-day readmission post-surgery (Early: DID = 0.003; 2014: DID = -0.00007; P > 0.05) or 90-day mortality (Early: DID = -0.007, 2014: DID = -0.035; P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no difference in receipt of chemotherapy (Early: DID = 0.01, 2014: DID = 0.005; P > 0.05) or time to chemotherapy for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Early: Early: DID = 9.62, 2014: DID = 0.01; P > 0.05). Finally, there was no difference in receipt of palliative care among stage IV patients in both cohorts (Early: DID = -0.004, 2014: DID = 0.004; P > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that after ME, PDAC patients were more likely to be insured and had increased access to surgical care. Future, studies should evaluate the implications of improved surgical access on clinical outcomes such as mortality.

scholarly journals Health Outcomes of an Integrated Behaviour-Centred Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Food Safety Intervention–A Randomised before and after Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Morse ◽  
Elizabeth Tilley ◽  
Kondwani Chidziwisano ◽  
Rossanie Malolo ◽  
Janelisa Musaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Diarrhoeal disease in children under five in low income settings has been associated with multiple environmental exposure pathways, including complementary foods. Conducted from February to December 2018 in rural Malawi, this before and after trial with a control used diarrhoeal disease as a primary outcome, to measure the impact of a food hygiene intervention (food hygiene + handwashing) relative to a food hygiene and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention (food hygiene + handwashing + faeces management + water management). The 31-week intervention was delivered by community-based coordinators through community events (n = 2), cluster group meetings (n = 17) and household visits (n = 14). Diarrhoeal disease was self-reported and measured through an end line survey, and daily diaries completed by caregivers. Difference-in-differences results show a 13-percentage point reduction in self-reported diarrhoea compared to the control group. There were also significant increases in the presence of proxy measures in each of the treatment groups (e.g., the presence of soap). We conclude that food hygiene interventions (including hand washing with soap) can significantly reduce diarrhoeal disease prevalence in children under five years in a low-income setting. Therefore, the promotion of food hygiene practices using a behaviour-centred approach should be embedded in nutrition and WASH policies and programming.

Relation of insulin resistance to neurocognitive function and electroencephalography in obese children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Akın ◽  
İbrahim Eker ◽  
Mutluay Arslan ◽  
Süleyman Tolga Yavuz ◽  
Sevil Akman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground:Childhood obesity may lead to neuronal impairment in both the peripheral and the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) on the central nervous system and neurocognitive functions in children.Methods:Seventy-three obese children (38 male and 35 female) and 42 healthy children (21 male and 21 female) were recruited. Standard biochemical indices and IR were evaluated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and electroencephalography (EEG) were administered to all participants. The obese participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of IR, and the data were compared between the subgroups.Results:Only verbal scores on the WISC-R in the IR+ group were significantly lower than those of the control and IR– groups. There were no differences between the groups with respect to other parameters of the WISC-R or the EEG. Verbal scores of the WISC-R were negatively correlated with obesity duration and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. EEGs showed significantly more frequent ‘slowing during hyperventilation’ (SDHs) in obese children than non-obese children.Conclusions:Neurocognitive functions, particularly verbal abilities, were impaired in obese children with IR. An early examination of cognitive functions may help identify and correct such abnormalities in obese children.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Revised WIC Food Package on Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Postpartum

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hamad ◽  
Akansha Batra ◽  
Deborah Karasek ◽  
Kaja Z LeWinn ◽  
Nicole R Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutritional support for pregnant and postpartum women and young children. The typical food package provided to recipient families was revised in October 2009 to include more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat milk. Little is known about whether these revisions improved nutrition among women during this critical period of the life course. We conducted a quasiexperimental difference-in-differences analysis, comparing WIC recipients (“treatment” group) before and after the WIC policy change, while accounting for temporal trends among nonrecipients (“control” group). We examined nutritional outcomes among a cohort of 1,454 women recruited during pregnancy in 2006–2011 in Memphis and surrounding Shelby County, Tennessee. We found improvements in several measures of dietary quality and nutrient intake during pregnancy, although these did not persist into the postpartum period. Results were robust to numerous sensitivity analyses. At a time when federal WIC funding is threatened, this study provides some of the first evidence of the benefits of recent WIC revisions among low-income women.

scholarly journals Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in children with obesity: characteristics of clinical picture and diagnostics

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
I. S. Lembryk ◽  
O. V. Tymoshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Pancreatic Lesion ◽  
Functional Changes

Introduction. During the last twenty-five years the occurrence of obesity in children and teenagers has increased significantly. Materials and methods. 110 adolescents of 12–17 years old, with alimentary-constitutional obesity and involvement of pancreas and without its injury, as compared to the 30 healthy children of control group, were examined. The research provided determination of the sizes and elasticity of pancreas. The detection of the total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins and leptin level was carried out. Intensity of clinical symptoms (spastic pain in epigastrium and left subcostal arc; abdominal pain without localization, vomit without relief, general weakness) have been made accordingly to sum of points (from 0 to 3 points). If sum of points makes from 0 to 2 – intensive character of abdominal pain is low, from 3 to 5 points – it is high, from 5 to 10 points – it is very high. Normal level of amylase in a blood serum (Karavey’s method) is 12–32 g/(hour l), аnd diastase in urine – 20–160 g/(hour l). We made a screening test for elastase-I level by ELISA test. Normal activity of this enzyme in feces is 200 мkg/g. We have used sonographic method for detection of pancreatic diseases in obese children due to echo-structure of parotid gland. The analysis and statistical data processing were made by computer program "Statistica 7.0" and MS Excel XP. Research data. Physical inspection of our patients confirms prevalence of І degree over II degree obesity (52.7 % and 47.3 %, respectively; Р < 0.05). We have confirmed valid risk factor of pancreatic lesion in obese children – presence of diabetes mellitus type I in close relatives (80 % and 65 %, χ2 = 2,05; Р < 0.05). The changes of exocrine function of the pancreas in children with the stage II obesity were established. Echographic signs of the pancreas lesion in teenagers with obesity indicate the presence of functional changes: edema of head or entire edema, partial increase of parenchymal echogenicity, insufficient enlargement of the duct of Wirsung.

scholarly journals The Impact of Group Drumming on Social-Emotional Behavior in Low-Income Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ho ◽  
Jennie C. I. Tsao ◽  
Lian Bloch ◽  
Lonnie K. Zeltzer
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
The Impact

Low-income youth experience social-emotional problems linked to chronic stress that are exacerbated by lack of access to care. Drumming is a non-verbal, universal activity that builds upon a collectivistic aspect of diverse cultures and does not bear the stigma of therapy. A pretest-post-test non-equivalent control group design was used to assess the effects of 12 weeks of school counselor-led drumming on social-emotional behavior in two fifth-grade intervention classrooms versus two standard education control classrooms. The weekly intervention integrated rhythmic and group counseling activities to build skills, such as emotion management, focus and listening. The Teacher’s Report Form was used to assess each of 101 participants (n= 54 experimental,n= 47 control, 90% Latino, 53.5% female, mean age 10.5 years, range 10–12 years). There was 100% retention. ANOVA testing showed that intervention classrooms improved significantly compared to the control group in broad-band scales (total problems (P< .01), internalizing problems (P< .02)), narrow-band syndrome scales (withdrawn/depression (P< .02), attention problems (P< .01), inattention subscale (P< .001)), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-oriented scales (anxiety problems (P< .01), attention deficit/hyperactivity problems (P< .01), inattention subscale (P< .001), oppositional defiant problems (P< .03)), and other scales (post-traumatic stress problems (P< .01), sluggish cognitive tempo (P< .001)). Participation in group drumming led to significant improvements in multiple domains of social-emotional behavior. This sustainable intervention can foster positive youth development and increase student-counselor interaction. These findings underscore the potential value of the arts as a therapeutic tool.

Urinary bisphenol A levels in prepubertal children with exogenous obesity according to presence of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-502
Author(s):  
Esra Aktağ ◽  
Kadriye Yurdakök ◽  
Siddika Songül Yalçın ◽  
Nurgün Kandemir
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Objectives Recent studies have shown a potential link between chronic exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and exogenous obesity, the prevalence of which has been increasing dramatically in all age groups and particularly among children in the last decades. In this study, we aimed at comparing BPA exposure levels between controls and otherwise healthy, drug-naive, pre-pubertal children having exogenous obesity with/without metabolic syndrome. Methods A total of 63 pre-pubertal children with exogenous obesity whom 27 of them having metabolic syndrome attending Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children’s Hospital were included in this study. The control group consisted of 34 age- and sex-matched healthy children with no significant underlying medical conditions. Urinary BPA levels were measured using LC-MS/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) methodology. Results Urinary BPA levels among obese children were significantly higher than those of the control group (median: 22.9 μg/g-creatinine and 6.9 μg/g-creatinine, respectively; p=0.0001). When adjusted with generalized linear models for age, gender and z scores of body mass index, obese children having metabolic syndrome had significantly higher urinary BPA levels than obese children without metabolic syndrome and both obese groups had considerably elevated levels of urinary BPA than the controls (estimated marginal mean ± standard error: 42.3 ± 7.4 μg/g-creatinine, 22.6 ± 3.5 μg/g-creatinine and 12.1 ± 2.5 μg/g-creatinine, respectively, p=0.0001) Conclusions This study shows much higher BPA exposure among obese children with metabolic syndrome during the prepubertal period.

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