Measures of Burnout and Empathy in United States Doctor of Pharmacy Students: Time for a Change?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110212
Author(s):  
Jeanne L. Jacoby ◽  
Jaclyn D. Cole ◽  
Melissa J. Ruble ◽  
Amy B. Smith ◽  
Lexis T. Laubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Finding ◽  
Professional Efficacy ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Student Version ◽  
Student Burnout ◽  
Doctor Of Pharmacy ◽  
Academic Year

Purpose: To review interim data regarding longitudinal burnout and empathy levels in a single Doctor of Pharmacy class cohort. Methods: Students were emailed an electronic survey during their first semester and annually at the end of each academic year for a total of 3 years (2017-2020). Validated survey tools included the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) student version. The JSE survey consists of 20 questions, with higher scores denoting more empathy. The MBI student version contains 3 subscales: exhaustion (higher scores are worse), cynicism (higher scores are worse) and professional efficacy (higher scores are better). Results: The median JSE score at the end of the third academic year (PY3) was 110, with females scoring significantly higher (114.5 vs. 103.5; p<0.02). A majority of the 62 students reported burn out (82.3%), scoring in the highest category for either exhaustion (76%) or cynicism (55%). A majority (66%) also reported a low or moderate professional efficacy score, a negative finding. Measures of student burnout increased after the start of the program and remained at the higher level each subsequent year (p<0.0001). In the Spring of 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly every student had moderate or high levels of emotional exhaustion (97%) and cynicism (78%) as measured by the MBI. Conclusion: This interim data suggests high degrees of pharmacy student burnout. Empathy levels remained stable throughout the duration of the study. Pharmacy schools may need to focus on reform regarding well-being and prevention of burnout.

Psychometric Properties of the German Short Version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Derya Turhan ◽  
Anne Scheunemann ◽  
Theresa Schnettler ◽  
Lisa Bäulke ◽  
Daniel O. Thies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Professional Efficacy ◽  
Student Burnout

Abstract. Background: Higher education is a challenging context in which students – particularly those endowed with a small array of resources – are susceptible to suffer from burnout. To screen, identify, and support students that are at risk of burnout, psychometrically robust instruments are essential. To this end, we extended the validation of the German short version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS-KV) that allows measuring burnout among German-speaking university students. Method: We conducted a longitudinal study and analyzed the factorial validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and convergent as well as discriminant validity of the MBI-SS-KV in a sample of German university students ( N = 1,435). Results: Our results replicated the original three-factor structure of the MBI-SS-KV. Yet, a bi-factor structure of the MBI-SS-KV – composed of a general factor (i.e., student burnout) and three domain-specific factors (i.e., emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy) – revealed a comparable fit and was used for further analyses due to theoretical and methodological advantages. Based on the bi-factor structure of the MBI-SS-KV, nested models with increasing invariance constraints provided support for measurement invariance of this instrument across female and male university students and across time. Besides, the average variance extracted estimates and the comparisons of these estimates with shared variances demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity of the factors emotional exhaustion and cynicism, but not for the factor reduced professional efficacy. Conclusion: To sum up, we found that the MBI-SS-KV is a reliable and for the most part valid instrument for the assessment of student burnout in German higher education.

scholarly journals Burnout and the Psychological Impact among Physiatrists in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9621
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Alwashmi ◽  
Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Burnout is an emerging critical issue facing specialists and trainees in all disciplines and not particularly studied among physiatry specialists and trainees in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To assess physiatrist burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress during the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Saudi Arabia. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: By distributing an electronic survey, the researcher assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Human Services Survey (HSS) in the midst of the curfew that Saudi authorities imposed. Participants: One hundred one participating trainees, specialists, and consultants. Results: Of the 101 study participants, the majority (73.3%) were between the ages of 24 and 34 years old, with the rest distributed within the age group ranging from 35 to 65 years old. Junior residents represented 34.7%, senior residents 22.8%, physiatrist specialists 26.7%, and consultants 15.8%. The sample included 55.4% males and 44.6% females; 64.4% of the participants were married, 29.7% were still single, and 5.9% were divorced. Among the total group participating, 25.7% were handling COVID-19 patients. In the total participant sample, 80.2% reported experiencing burnout, 10.9% experienced stress, and 22.8% and 6.9% experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. Conclusion: Burnout in Saudi Arabia exists among more than two-thirds of practicing physiatrists in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R), and that did not appear to have a statistically significant influence on stress, anxiety, or depression (p > 0.05). The current COVID-19 global pandemic might escalate burnout and influence mental health outcomes. The healthcare authority and administration should take the lead in identifying the challenges, overcoming the obstacles, and optimizing clinician well-being, delivering up-to-date solutions, and promptly checking their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Burnout and quality of life among masseurs with visual impairment - Polish cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Binder ◽  
M Wrzesińska ◽  
K Tabała ◽  
A Lipert ◽  
E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Professional Efficacy

Abstract Background Although there are about 1.3 billion people affected by visual impairment (VI), they do not have equal access to social activities, i.e. they are very often unemployed. The authors hypothesized that being job active plays crucial role for their well-being. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of burnout and quality of life (QoL) among Polish massage therapists with VI and to determine their relationship with sociodemographic and work-related variables. Methods 43 participants aged 28-63, blind or poor-sighted were surveyed with sociodemographic data questionnaire and Polish versions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey to measure burnout and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) to evaluate quality of life. Results Low level of burnout was indicated: 6.79 ± 4.45 in the exhaustion, 7.30 ± 3.43 in cynicism and 23.3 ± 5.44 in professional efficacy. Among domains of QoL the psychological one was the highest (73.6 ± 10.0). Professional efficacy correlated with the social QOL domain (ρ = 0.306; t = 2.056; p = 0.046). Among significant socio-demographic determinants of QOL marital status and working conditions were found. The most general explanation is that job activity gives feeling of self-realization, independence and enhance social functioning which has important meaning for QOL and can be a protective factor for burnout among workers with disability (according to researches among healthy professionals they are at high risk of burnout). Conclusions Job activity is essential for psychosocial rehabilitation in VI. That is why we recommend education tailored to the needs and capabilities of persons with VI to prepare them for work as well as supporting employers in creating jobs opportunities for people with disabilities. Key messages Job opportunities for people with disabilities mean higher level of psychosocial functioning. Workers with disabilities present lower risk of burnout than professionals without impairment.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU SDN TURUSGEDE DI SEMESTER I TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019 DALAM MEMBUKA DAN MENUTUP PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK TEKNIK PENILAIAN DIRI SENDIRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Learning By Using

The purposes of this reasearch are 1) describing the efforts of increasing the elementary school of Turusgede teachers pedagogic competence at the first semester of 2018/2019 academic year in opening and closing the learning by using the self assessment technique and 2) analysing the increase of the elementary school of Turusgede teachers pedagogic competence at the first semester of 2018/2019 academic year in opening and closing the learning by using the self assessment technique. This research is School Action Research (SAR). This research is taken palce in elementary school of Turusgede, Subdistrict of Rembang, Regency of Rembang. The time of this research is the early-middle first semester of 2018/2019 academic year. The subjects of this research are teachers in the elementary school of Turusgede, Subdistrict of Rembang, Regency of Rembang, consist of twelve teachers. The data of this research is teachers pedagogic competence in opening and closing the learning. The techniques of collecting data are using nontest technique and test technique. The tools of collecting data are using the sheets of observation, camera application on hand phone and the form of self assessment. The technique of analizing data in this research is decriptive comparation. The procedure of this research is using Cycle Model, consist of four steps: planning, action, observation and reflection. Each cycle is going on one week. The results of this research are 1) the academic supervision with self assessment technique is previously sharing the form of self assessment to the subjects of this research, 2) self assessment technique is self assessment according to the next theme and matter, 3) self assessment technique is self assessment after the learning finish and 4) teachers pedagogic competence with self assessment technique is increasing and including good category (B) that according with the result of observation and including very good category (A) that according with the result of self assessment. Key words: Pedagogic, Supervision, Self Assessment Technique.

A Need Analysis in Academic Writing by Using Integrative-Based Approach: The Perspective of University Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helaluddin Helaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
University Students ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Academic Genres ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

This article discusses the needs and interests of the university students in Banten Indonesia for learning to write with an integrative approach as an initial stage in the development of academic writing textbooks. The participants in this study were 60 students in the first semester of the 2018/2019 academic year who took an Indonesian language course. It was found that students were familiar with writing activities. But the majority were limited to non-academic genres such as writing poetry, short stories, and writing personal blogs. Also, students have almost the same problems in academic writing, both from linguistic aspects, technical aspects, to issues of developing writing ideas. Another thing that was found in this study was the participation of lecturers who they expected in guiding and providing input during academic writing learning.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Burnout in Professional Caregivers of Institutionalized Elderly with Dementia and other Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Méndez ◽  
Esther Secanilla ◽  
Juan P. Martínez ◽  
Josefa Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Quality Of Patient Care ◽  
Psychoeducational Programs

In a global approach about the need of paying attention to staff working with and for older people with dementia and other diseases in residential care, it is necessary to investigate their emotional well-being to provide strategies to improve their quality of life and therefore their quality of patient care. Professional caregivers of people with dementia and other diseases have specific psycho-sociological problems. They are more prone to stress which can sometimes lead to the “burnout” due to specific functions in the workplace. To define the sample was decided to compare two residential centers of two regions, Murcia and Barcelona. We proceeded to the administration of the following measuring instruments: the scale Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and an ad hoc survey conducted for professional caregivers. Finally, the results offer the possibility of carrying out programs to prevent emotional exhaustion in professional carers, as well as the possibility of designing psychoeducational programs for staff care and even future proactive and reactive interventions.

scholarly journals Effects of an 8-Week Yoga-Based Physical Exercise Intervention on Teachers’ Burnout

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Francesca Latino ◽  
Stefania Cataldi ◽  
Francesco Fischetti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Professional Educators

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the efficacy of an 8-week yoga-based physical exercise program to improve mental and emotional well-being and consequently reduce burnout among teachers. We considered yoga because it is a discipline that enhances body awareness and encourages the contact with nature and the respect for every form of life, with a view to a more sustainable and greener global system. We recruited 40 professional educators (40–47 years), teachers in a public high school who reported perceiving signs of stress and emotional discomfort. We randomly assigned the 40 professional educators to either an experimental yoga practice (~60 min, twice a week) group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20) that received a nonspecific training program (~60 min, twice a week). At baseline and after training we administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory: Educators Survey (MBI-ES) and the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS) to assess teachers’ perceived level of awareness and professional burnout. We found a significant Time × Group interaction for the MBI-ES and SMS, reflecting a meaningful experimental group improvement (p < 0.001). No significant pre–post changes were found in the control group. The results suggest that an 8-week yoga practice could aid teachers to achieve a greater body and emotional awareness and prevent professional burnout.

scholarly journals Tools for measuring medical internship experience: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxi Zhao ◽  
Peris Musitia ◽  
Mwanamvua Boga ◽  
David Gathara ◽  
Catia Nicodemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Work Condition ◽  
Internship Experience ◽  
Medical Interns

Abstract Background Appropriate and well-resourced medical internship training is important to ensure psychological health and well-being of doctors in training and also to recruit and retain these doctors. However, most reviews focused on clinical competency of medical interns instead of the non-clinical aspects of training. In this scoping review, we aim to review what tools exist to measure medical internship experience and summarize the major domains assessed. Method The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, and the Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed studies that provided quantitative data on medical intern’s (house officer, foundation year doctor, etc.) internship experience and published between 2000 and 2019. Three reviewers screened studies for eligibility with inclusion criteria. Data including tools used, key themes examined, and psychometric properties within the study population were charted, collated, and summarized. Tools that were used in multiple studies, and tools with internal validity or reliability assessed directed in their intern population were reported. Results The authors identified 92 studies that were included in the analysis. The majority of studies were conducted in the US (n = 30, 32.6%) and the UK (n = 20, 21.7%), and only 14 studies (15.2%) were conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Major themes examined for internship experience included well-being, educational environment, and work condition and environment. For measuring well-being, standardized tools like the Maslach Burnout Inventory (for measuring burnout), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression), General Health Questionnaire-12 or 30 (psychological distress) and Perceived Stress Scale (stress) were used multiple times. For educational environment and work condition and environment, there is a lack of widely used tools for interns that have undergone psychometric testing in this population other than the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure, which has been used in four different countries. Conclusions There are a large number of tools designed for measuring medical internship experience. International comparability of results from future studies would benefit if tools that have been more widely used are employed in studies on medical interns with further testing of their psychometric properties in different contexts.

A Generative Sequential Mixed Methods Approach Using Quantitative Measures to Enhance Social Constructionist Inquiry

2021 ◽  
pp. 155868982098627
Author(s):  
Diego Romaioli
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods

In order to enhance core mixed methods research designs, social scientists need an approach that incorporates developments in the social constructionist perspective. This work describes a study that aimed to promote occupational well-being in hospital departments where employees are at risk of burnout, based on a constructionist inquiry developed starting from the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Taking this study as an example, we define a “generative sequential mixed methods approach” as a process that involves consulting quantitative studies to identify criticalities on which to conduct focused, transformative investigations. The article contributes by envisaging ways to mix qualitative and quantitative methods that consider a “generative” and “future-forming” orientation to research, in line with recent shifts in social psychology.

scholarly journals Defining the Student Burnout Construct: A Structural Analysis from Three Burnout Inventories

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Maroco ◽  
Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Oldenburg Burnout Inventory ◽  
Student Burnout ◽  
Order Factor

College student burnout has been assessed mainly with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). However, the construct's definition and measurement with MBI has drawn several criticisms and new inventories have been suggested for the evaluation of the syndrome. A redefinition of the construct of student burnout is proposed by means of a structural equation model, reflecting burnout as a second order factor defined by factors from the MBI–Student Survey (MBI-SS); the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (CBI-SS) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (OLBI–SS). Standardized regression weights from Burnout to Exhaustion and Cynicism from the MBI-SS scale, Personal Burnout and Studies Related Burnout from the CBI, and Exhaustion and Disengagement from OLBI, show that these factors are strong manifestations of students' burnout. For college students, the burnout construct is best defined by two dimensions described as “physical and psychological exhaustion” and “cynicism and disengagement.”

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