Design of seal ring with rectangular grooves for gas isolation in Nanoimprint Lithography

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086
Author(s):  
Peng Wei ◽  
Ma Liuhong ◽  
Li Mengke ◽  
Zhong Yinghui ◽  
Shangguan Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Seal Ring ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The prominent seal ring has been studied to prevent the compressed air from entering the enclosed area of the mold and the wafer and protect pattern in Compressional Gas Cushion Press Nanoimprint Lithography (CGCP NIL). In this paper, a non-salient seal ring with rectangular grooves was proposed to replace the prominent one, which achieved the same effect. The relationship between the width of seal ring and other three factors—the contact surface properties, the height of printed liquid, and the contact angle—was also investigated. The non-salient seal ring can be effective in sealing out the compressed air, on condition that the seal ring was wide enough. Besides, the width to meet the requirements reduced significantly, with increasing the roughness. Furthermore, the rectangular grooves etched on the seal ring can increase its surface roughness and the depth–width ratio was larger, surface roughness was bigger. Owing to the presence of rectangular grooves, smaller width was required to reach the same effect of leak-proof in the process. Besides, a simple model of COMSOL Multiphysics was established to verify the correctness of proposal. This work will greatly reduce the cost of the mold and guide the production of the mold in CGCP NIL.

Influence of paper properties on adhesive strength of starch gluing

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Anna Dohr ◽  
Ulrich Hirn
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Liquid Penetration ◽  
Surface Wetting ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Substantial Correlation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Abstract The effect of paper properties on the strength of starch gluing for Kraft sack papers has been investigated. We analyzed the effect of surface roughness, wettability and glue penetration. Surface roughness was found not to be related to gluing strength, also surface wetting measured by contact angle showed only a weak relation. Liquid penetration measured by ultrasound (ULP) was found to have a substantial correlation to gluing strength. Comparing ULP liquid penetration speed with actual glue uptake during the gluing process we found that they are only moderately connected. We are attributing this to the fact that the penetration and spreading of the glue on the paper is driven by applying an external pressure during the gluing process, which is not the case for the liquid penetration measurement. Investigating how asymmetrical glue penetration affects gluing strength we found that the relationship was low. The best indication for gluing strength turned out to be the surface wetting/substrate swelling parameter from the ultrasonic liquid penetration measurement. We conclude that the main parameter capturing gluing strength combines the influence of fiber wetting and penetration of the glue into the fibers.

Observation of Surface Structure of Kyo-Kawara (Ceramic Material for Roof Component) Fabricated by Traditional Skillful Technique

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahisa Asada ◽  
Masaki Sakata ◽  
Takeshi Shiono ◽  
Yuka Takai ◽  
Akihiko Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Kyo-gawara is one of traditional crafts, one of Japanese roof tile made in Kyoto by using traditional techniques. The characteristics of Kyo-gawara is gloss on surface available in “Migaki” process. Migaki process is that craftsman strokes half-dry surface with paddle one by one. Number of products that a craftsman has to finish the process is decided. In previous study, investigation about the relationship between number of times of Migaki process and surface properties of Kyo-gawara cannot be seen [1]. In this study, specimens having different number of time of Migaki process (none, once, twice) were used, surface structure and properties were analyzed, and investigation about the relationship between Migaki process and surface characteristics was performed. Measurement items are surface roughness (Ra), contact angle, water absorption. As a result, surface roughness tended to decrease, and with increase of number of times of Migaki process. From the result of measurement of contact angle and water absorption, it was clarified that Migaki could improve waterproofness.

Characteristics of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Titanium Prepared by Anodization

2011 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Cheng Yun Ning ◽  
Guo Xin Tan ◽  
Hua De Zheng ◽  
Yong Mei Ge
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Optimal Surface ◽  
The Relationship

Titania nanotube (NT) arrays with a length of 550nm were fabricated on the flat titanium substrate by anodization. The microstructure was identified by scanning electron microscope. The composition has been investigated with X-ray photoelectron microscopy. It also showed that, as compared with the flat surface, the density of Ti-OH groups on the NT surface has been increased. However, according to the contact angle goniometer, the hydrophilicity of the NT surface becomes worse than that of the flat surface. In addition, surface roughness was investigated by non-contact atomic force microscope. It demonstrated that the nano-roughness of NT arrays has been increased. More important is the relationship between contact angle and roughness factor have been analyzed based on the modified Young’s equation. These results indicate that the anodized NT structures may have provided an optimal surface roughness for promoting the bioactivity.

On the Problem of the Relationship between the Contact Angle and Surface Roughness Coefficient: Quartz Wettability with Melted Germanium

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Samsonov ◽  
I. A. Kaplunov ◽  
A. M. Ivanov ◽  
I. V. Talyzin ◽  
S. A. Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship

Possible examinations of stone machining focused on the relationship between technological parameters and surface quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Kun ◽  
I. G. Gyurika
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Abstract The stone products with different sizes, geometries and materials — like machine tool's bench, measuring machine's board or sculptures, floor tiles — can be produced automatically while the manufacturing engineer uses objective function similar to metal cutting. This function can minimise the manufacturing time or the manufacturing cost, in other cases it can maximise of the tool's life. To use several functions, manufacturing engineers need an overall theoretical background knowledge, which can give useful information about the choosing of technological parameters (e.g. feed rate, depth of cut, or cutting speed), the choosing of applicable tools or especially the choosing of the optimum motion path. A similarly important customer's requirement is the appropriate surface roughness of the machined (cut, sawn or milled) stone product. This paper's first part is about a five-month-long literature review, which summarizes in short the studies (researches and results) considered the most important by the authors. These works are about the investigation of the surface roughness of stone products in stone machining. In the second part of this paper the authors try to determine research possibilities and trends, which can help to specify the relation between the surface roughness and technological parameters. Most of the suggestions of this paper are about stone milling, which is the least investigated machining method in the world.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

Marginal assessment of the cost and benefits of aphasia treatment: Evidence from community-based telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2098277
Author(s):  
Molly Jacobs ◽  
Patrick M Briley ◽  
Heather Harris Wright ◽  
Charles Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Conduction Aphasia ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Few studies have reported information related to the cost-effectiveness of traditional face-to-face treatments for aphasia. The emergence and demand for telepractice approaches to aphasia treatment has resulted in an urgent need to understand the costs and cost-benefits of this approach. Methods Eighteen stroke survivors with aphasia completed community-based aphasia telerehabilitation treatment, utilizing the Language-Oriented Treatment (LOT) delivered via Webex videoconferencing program. Marginal benefits to treatment were calculated as the change in Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) score pre- and post-treatment and marginal cost of treatment was calculated as the relationship between change in WAB-R aphasia quotient (AQ) and the average cost per treatment. Controlling for demographic variables, Bayesian estimation evaluated the primary contributors to WAB-R change and assessed cost-effectiveness of treatment by aphasia type. Results Thirteen out of 18 participants experienced significant improvement in WAB-R AQ following telerehabilitation delivered therapy. Compared to anomic aphasia (reference group), those with conduction aphasia had relatively similar levels of improvement whereas those with Broca’s aphasia had smaller improvement. Those with global aphasia had the largest improvement. Each one-point of improvement cost between US$89 and US$864 for those who improved (mean = US$200) depending on aphasia type/severity. Discussion Individuals with severe aphasia may have the greatest gains per unit cost from treatment. Both improvement magnitude and the cost per unit of improvement were driven by aphasia type, severity and race. Economies of scale to aphasia treatment–cost may be minimized by treating a variety of types of aphasia at various levels of severity.

scholarly journals Influence of moisture content on the contact angle and surface tension measured on birch wood surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Benkreif ◽  
Fatima Zohra Brahmia ◽  
Csilla Csiha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wood Surfaces

AbstractSurface tension of solid wood surfaces affects the wettability and thus the adhesion of various adhesives and wood coatings. By measuring the contact angle of the wood, the surface tension can be calculated based on the Young-Dupré equation. Several publications have reported on contact angle measured with different test liquids, under different conditions. Results can only be compared if the test conditions are similar. While the roles of the drop volume, image shooting time etc., are widely recognized, the role of the wood surface moisture content (MC) is not evaluated in detail. In this study, the effect of wood moisture content on contact angle values, measured with distilled water and diiodomethane, on sanded birch (Betula pendula) surfaces was investigated, in order to find the relationship between them. With increasing MC from approximately 6% to 30%, increasing contact angle (decreasing surface tension) values were measured according to a logarithmic function. The function makes possible the calculation of contact angles that correspond to different MCs.

Relationship among social tactics, job embeddedness, and affective commitment in newcomers: the moderating effect of workplace spirituality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Hsien-Long Huang ◽  
Li-Keng Cheng ◽  
Pi-Chuan Sun ◽  
Yi Shiuan Jiang ◽  
Hsin Hua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Job Embeddedness ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The cost of recruitment and training of newcomers can be a burden for enterprises, causing adverse effects on human resources management. Although much research has addressed employee turnover, less attention has been paid to methods of improving the retention of new hires. This study is an empirical examination of the increase in predictive strength of antecedents of affective commitment for comparing newcomers’ workplace spirituality. The results of an employee survey completed by 237 newcomers with under two years of work experience indicate that socialization tactics have a direct impact on job embeddedness, which in turn has a direct effect on affective commitment. Workplace spirituality has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between socialization tactics and job embeddedness. Also, workplace spirituality has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job embeddedness and affective commitment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document