Sustainable adhesives and adhesion processes for the footwear industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622095770
Author(s):  
F Arán-Ais ◽  
C Ruzafa-Silvestre ◽  
MP Carbonell-Blasco ◽  
MA Pérez-Limiñana ◽  
E Orgilés-Calpena
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Footwear Industry ◽  
Plasma Surface Treatment ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Melt Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt

The key to sustainable development in the footwear industry through the principles of circular economy lies in taking care of the design, as well as the introduction of innovative and more resource efficient materials and processes to reduce or avoid the use of water, energy, hazardous chemicals and to minimise emissions and waste. In fact, the environmental footprint is already being considered as another requirement of the footwear through eco-design. In this sense, previous studies carried out by INESCOP regarding its environmental impact in terms of carbon footprint showed that 15% of it corresponds to the assembly processes, mainly by adhesive joints, due to their content on organic solvents, hazardous chemicals and polymers from fossil origin. Therefore, this paper focuses on recent developments carried out by INESCOP on more sustainable adhesives and adhesion processes for the upper-to-sole assembly in the footwear manufacturing process, through different approaches. Firstly, bio-based reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives have been synthesised using polyols from different renewable sources. Secondly, the use of the low-pressure plasma surface treatment to improve the adhesion of polymeric materials used as soling materials was assessed in order to reduce volatile organic compounds emissions, as well as the use of hazardous chemicals for total automation of the bonding process.

Novel polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives based on polycarbonate polyols derived from CO 2 for the footwear industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Orgilés-Calpena ◽  
Francisca Arán-Aís ◽  
Ana M. Torró-Palau ◽  
César Orgilés-Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Footwear Industry ◽  
Melt Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt

Hot-Melt Adhesives

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Function ◽  
Entanglement Network ◽  
Melt Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt ◽  
Illustrative Application

AbstractHot-melt adhesives facilitate fast production processes because the adhesives set simply by cooling. Formulations contain polymers to provide strength and hot tack (resistance to separation while adhesive is hot), and tackifiers and/or oils to dilute the polymer entanglement network, adjust the glass-transition temperature, lower the viscosity, and improve wet-out (molecular contact of the adhesive with the substrate over the entire bonding area). Some adhesives also contain waxes to speed setting, lower viscosity, and improve heat resistance. Obtaining adequate strength and heat resistance from nonreactive hot melts requires that some component of the hot melt separate out into a dispersed but interconnected hard-phase network upon cooling. The hard phases are commonly either glassy styrene domains (for adhesives based on styrenic block copolymers) or organic crystallites (for adhesives based on waxes, olefinic copolymers, or ethylene copolymers). This article will describe first the material properties relevant to the processing and performance of hot-melt adhesives, then the chemistry and function of the specific raw materials used in hot melts, and will conclude with illustrative application examples and corresponding formulations.

Hot-Melt Adhesives: Fundamentals, Formulations, and Applications: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Swaroop Gharde ◽  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Melt Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt

Hot-Melt Adhesives (HMAs) are typically used in applications where instant sealing is critically required. HMAs are generally preferred for those applications where processing speed is critical. These materials are widely used in various engineering applications, mainly as sealants in leakages and crack filling of walls and roofs. The industrial use of HMAs is most common in glassware and automobiles for gluing glasses in buildings and bonding heavy motor parts. The formulation of HMAs contains a polymer of suitable nature that makes the base for a strong adhesive, and waxes are added to increase the settling time of adhesive. The tackifiers are used to dilute the polymer to adjust the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) and to reduce the viscosity for proper flow of hot-melt. This review intends to comprehensively discuss the preparation and formulations of HMAs using various polymer matrices, along with their applications and mechanics. The designing of green HMAs has been discussed in the literature and have been promoted over conventional solvent-based HMAs due to their functionality without Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Various measures, challenges, and resolutions for making hazard-free HMAs have been discussed in the present review.

scholarly journals Trends in polymeric electrospun fibers and their use as oral biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes B Meireles ◽  
Daniella K Corrêa ◽  
João VW da Silveira ◽  
Ana LG Millás ◽  
Edison Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Materials Behaviors ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Materials Used

Electrospinning is one of the techniques to produce structured polymeric fibers in the micro or nano scale and to generate novel materials for biomedical proposes. Electrospinning versatility provides fibers that could support different surgical and rehabilitation treatments. However, its diversity in equipment assembly, polymeric materials, and functional molecules to be incorporated in fibers result in profusion of recent biomaterials that are not fully explored, even though the recognized relevance of the technique. The present article describes the main electrospun polymeric materials used in oral applications, and the main aspects and parameters of the technique. Natural and synthetic polymers, blends, and composites were identified from the available literature and recent developments. Main applications of electrospun fibers were focused on drug delivery systems, tissue regeneration, and material reinforcement or modification, although studies require further investigation in order to enable direct use in human. Current and potential usages as biomaterials for oral applications must motivate the development in the use of electrospinning as an efficient method to produce highly innovative biomaterials, over the next few years. Impact statement Nanotechnology is a challenge for many researchers that look for obtaining different materials behaviors by modifying characteristics at a very low scale. Thus, the production of nanostructured materials represents a very important field in bioengineering, in which the electrospinning technique appears as a suitable alternative. This review discusses and provides further explanation on this versatile technique to produce novel polymeric biomaterials for oral applications. The use of electrospun fibers is incipient in oral areas, mainly because of the unfamiliarity with the technique. Provided disclosure, possibilities and state of the art are aimed at supporting interested researchers to better choose proper materials, understand, and design new experiments. This work seeks to encourage many other researchers–Dentists, Biologists, Engineers, Pharmacists–to develop innovative materials from different polymers. We highlight synthetic and natural polymers as trends in treatments to motivate an advance in the worldwide discussion and exploration of this interdisciplinary field.

scholarly journals Sustainable Reactive Polyurethane Hot Melt Adhesives Based on Vegetable Polyols for Footwear Industry

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Maria Pilar Carbonell Blasco ◽  
María Ángeles Pérez Limiñana ◽  
Carlos Ruzafa Silvestre ◽  
Elena Orgilés Calpena ◽  
Francisca Arán Aís
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Footwear Industry ◽  
Polyurethane Adhesives ◽  
Peel Tests ◽  
Melt Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt

The aim of this work is to develop sustainable reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives (HMPUR) for footwear applications based on biobased polyols as renewable resources, where ma-croglycol mixtures of polyadipate of 1,4-butanediol, polypropylene and different biobased polyols were employed and further reacted with 4-4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The different reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives obtained were characterized with different experimental techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), softening temperature and melting viscosity. Finally, their adhesion properties were measured from T-peel tests on leather/HMPUR adhesives/SBR rubber joints in order to establish the viability of the used biobased polyols and the amount of these polyols that could be added to reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives satisfactorily to meet the quality requirements of footwear joints. All biobased polyols and percentages added to the polyurethane adhesive formulations successfully met the quality requirements of footwear, being comparable to traditional adhesives currently used in footwear joints in terms of final strength. Therefore, these new sustainable polyurethane adhesives can be considered as suitable and sustainable alternatives to the adhesives commonly used in footwear joints.

TACTIX 740 and TACTIX 741 RESINS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acetone Solution ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Melt Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt

Abstract TACTIX 740 resin offers high durability for hot melt adhesives. TACTIX 741, an acetone solution of TACTIX 740, is designed for composites prepared by solution prepregging. This datasheet provides information on composition and physical properties. Filing Code: P-32. Producer or source: The Dow Chemical Company, Dow Plastics.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4242
Author(s):  
Manggar Arum Aristri ◽  
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ◽  
Sumit Manohar Yadav ◽  
Petar Antov ◽  
Antonios N. Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Wood Adhesives ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Lighting Industry ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Strong Adhesion

This review article aims to summarize the potential of using renewable natural resources, such as lignin and tannin, in the preparation of NIPUs for wood adhesives. Polyurethanes (PUs) are extremely versatile polymeric materials, which have been widely used in numerous applications, e.g., packaging, footwear, construction, the automotive industry, the lighting industry, insulation panels, bedding, furniture, metallurgy, sealants, coatings, foams, and wood adhesives. The isocyanate-based PUs exhibit strong adhesion properties, excellent flexibility, and durability, but they lack renewability. Therefore, this study focused on the development of non-isocyanate polyurethane lignin and tannin resins for wood adhesives. PUs are commercially synthesized using polyols and polyisocyanates. Isocyanates are toxic, costly, and not renewable; thus, a search of suitable alternatives in the synthesis of polyurethane resins is needed. The reaction with diamine compounds could result in NIPUs based on lignin and tannin. The research on bio-based components for PU synthesis confirmed that they have good characteristics as an alternative for the petroleum-based adhesives. The advantages of improved strength, low curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and isocyanate-free properties were demonstrated by lignin- and tannin-based NIPUs. The elimination of isocyanate, associated with environmental and human health hazards, NIPU synthesis, and its properties and applications, including wood adhesives, are reported comprehensively in this paper. The future perspectives of NIPUs’ production and application were also outlined.

Evaluation of Abrasive Wear of Polymeric Materials Using Single-Pass Pendulum Scratching

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Torres Piza Paes ◽  
Antonio Marcos Rego Motta ◽  
Lauro Lemos Lontra Filho ◽  
Juliano Ose´ias de Morais ◽  
Sine´sio Domingues Franco
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Scratching abrasion due to rubbing against the sediment layer is an important degradation mechanism of flexible cable in deep water oil and natural gas exploitation. The present study was initiated to gain relevant data on the wear behaviour of some commercial materials used to externally protect these cables. So, Comparison tests were carried out using the single-point scratching technique, which consists of a sharp point mounted at the extremity of a pendulum. The energy dissipated during the scratching is used to evaluate the relative scratch resistance. The results showed, that the contact geometry strongly affects the specific scratching energy. Using SEM imaging, it was found, that these changes were related to the operating wear mechanisms. The observed wear mechanisms are also compared with those observed on some cables in deep water operations.

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