Nursing adherence to ethical codes in pediatric oncology wards

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 924-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziyeh Beykmirza ◽  
Lida Nikfarid ◽  
Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh ◽  
Maliheh Nasiri
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimal Average ◽  
The University

Background: The nature of children’s cancer comes with lots of ethical issues. Nurses are encouraged to adhere to ethical codes in their practice. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the perspectives of nurses and mothers of children with cancer regarding the adherence of nurses to ethical codes. Research design: In this descriptive-comparative study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the amount of adherence to Iranian nurses’ code of ethics in perspectives of pediatric oncology nurses and mothers. As a convention, the total scores were categorized as optimal, average, and low adherence. Participants and context: A total of 200 mothers and 60 nurses in pediatric oncology wards of five major hospitals in Tehran, Iran, participated in 2016. Ethical considerations: Organizational approval by the university and informed consent were ensured before conducting the research. The principles of voluntariness, confidentiality, and anonymity were respected during the research process. Findings: Results showed the mean score of the adherence to ethical codes by nurses, as per the nurses is 86.71 (12.57) and as per the mothers is 78.67 (16.09). The highest frequency for “Low adherence” and “Optimal adherence” to code of ethics by nurses were “Respect for individual autonomy and decision-making” (mothers, 72% and nurses, 70%) and “Commitment to confidentiality” (mothers, 64% and nurses, 74%), respectively. This revealed a significant difference between the responses of the nurses and the mothers (p = 0.001). Discussion: The results support the other studies in Iran about the difference between the perspectives of patients and nurses about adherence of nurses to ethical codes. Conclusion: Integration of family-centered and conventional care in addition to more attention to the education of professional ethical principles could be helpful to improve the ethical performance of nurses in oncology pediatric wards.

scholarly journals Effects of Negative Emotions on Cognitive Schemas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Marius-Gabriel Amzulescu ◽  
Andreea-Ionela Chiscop ◽  
Diana-Nicol Marin ◽  
Cristina Lare ◽  
Andra-Maria Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

The present study investigates the effect of negative emotions (focusing on disappointment, sadness and regret) on cognitive schemas. The sample consist in students from the University of Bucharest (convenience groups). A univariate unifactorial experimental design was used, as the current study had one independent variable, negative emotions, and a dependent variable, cognitive schemas, which was measured with the Core Beliefs Questionnaire instrument. We applied T test for independent samples, using SPSS. The t test was statistically significant, t (45) = 2.57, p <0.05. The confidence interval (95%) for the difference between the averages is between 2.95 and 24.35. After applying the intervention, the evaluated sample (M = 43.17, SD = 29,074) showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (M = 29.52, SD = 11.257). The data collected support the main research hypothesis of the study, negative emotions can bring about changes in certain cognitive schemas by modifying, altering or disrupting them.

Ensuring Students Engage with Ethical and Professional Practice Concepts

2009 ◽  
pp. 327-350
Author(s):  
J. Barrie Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
International Model ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

The teaching and learning of aspects related to ethics and professional practice present significant challenges to both staff and students as these topics are much more abstract than say software design and testing. The core of this chapter is an in-depth examination of how ethics and professional practice can be addressed in a very practical manner. To set the scene and provide contextual information the chapter commences with information on an international model of professionalism, a code of ethics for Software Engineers, and different teaching and learning approaches that can be employed when addressing ethical issues. The major part of the chapter is then devoted to detailing a particular teaching and leaning approach, which has been developed at the University of Sunderland in the UK. Finally conclusions, views on the present situation and future developments, and details of outstanding challenges are presented.

scholarly journals Effects of Negative Emotions on Cognitive Schemas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Marius-Gabriel Amzulescu ◽  
Andreea-Ionela Chiscop ◽  
Diana-Nicol Marin ◽  
Cristina Lare ◽  
Andra-Maria Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

The present study investigates the effect of negative emotions (focusing on disappointment, sadness and regret) on cognitive schemas. The sample consist in students from the University of Bucharest (convenience groups). A univariate unifactorial experimental design was used, as the current study had one independent variable, negative emotions, and a dependent variable, cognitive schemas, which was measured with the Core Beliefs Questionnaire instrument. We applied T test for independent samples, using SPSS. The t test was statistically significant, t (45) = 2.57, p <0.05. The confidence interval (95%) for the difference between the averages is between 2.95 and 24.35. After applying the intervention, the evaluated sample (M = 43.17, SD = 29,074) showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (M = 29.52, SD = 11.257). The data collected support the main research hypothesis of the study, negative emotions can bring about changes in certain cognitive schemas by modifying, altering or disrupting them.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AT UNIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Branislav Dragić ◽  
Emilija Petković ◽  
Ana Lilić ◽  
Marko Joksimović
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Active Leisure

The aim of this research was to determine the difference in the level of physical activity (PA) in students of four faculties of the University of Niš whose curricula do not include physical education (PE) classes. The PA level was evaluated using a questionnaire for the self-evaluation of PA (IPAQ-long form). The research included students of the Faculty of Philosophy, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Law and Faculty of Electronic Engineering of the University of Niš (n=109; age: 22±0.6 months). A significant difference was determined in the level of PA among the students of the University of Niš (p=0.000). However, differences in PA during leisure time have not been determined (p=0.109). One of the reasons is the active leisure time of the student population, which through sports activities compensates for the lack of PE classes at the faculties in question.

scholarly journals STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARD BLENDED TEACHING AMONG STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Md. Mahasin Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The University ◽  
Blended Teaching

The subject of my research is to investigate the students attitudes towards blended teaching among students of the University of Calcutta. The three purposes for which I have studied are –1.To study the attitude of Calcutta University students towards Blended Teaching. 2. To study the difference in attitude of Calcutta University students towards Blended Teaching with regard to gender. 3.To study the difference in attitude of Calcutta University students towards Blended Teaching with regard to locality. The quantitative research method has been used for the study. The results I obtained through the self- constructed attitude scale are –There is no significant difference in attitude towards Blended Teaching between male and female students of Calcutta University. And there is no significant difference in attitude towards Blended Teaching between rural and urban students of Calcutta University.Most of the students think that the Blended Teaching method can be acceptable to the students of College and University. Most of the students think that it will be benefited to the students if some syllabus is taught in Online Mode and some is taught in Offline Mode. Most of the students think that the students will be benefited by Blended Teaching method. Most of the students think that Blended Teaching method will benefit the teachers in teaching. Most of the students think that Blended Teaching will improve the learning of the students. Most of the students think that the Blended Teaching method will make the learning environment and teaching more flexible. Some students think that many students will face with difficulties in Blended Teaching. Some students think that only the Offline Teaching is more effective than Blended Teaching in Higher Education.

scholarly journals A Study of Nurses’ Perception of Professional Values in the University Hospitals Affiliated with Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Marzieh Kargar Jahromi ◽  
Afifeh Rahmanian Koshkaki ◽  
Farzad Poorgholami ◽  
Malihe Talebizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University

Objectives: In order to deal with professional ethical issues successfully, nurses and other providers of clinical care need to rely on professional values that are meant to guide their professional decision-making, actions and behaviors .These values form the basis of nursing. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate nurses’ perception of professional values in the hospitals affiliated with Jahrom University of Medical Sciences.Method: In this descriptiveanalytical study, 100 nurses employed at the university hospitals of Jahrom were selected through simple convenience sampling. To examine the subjects’ perception of professional values, the researchers used a two-part questionnaire: part one consisted of questions about the personal and social characteristics of the subjects; part two was the Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised. The latter consists of 26 items based on American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses and addresses the following areas: caring (9 items), activism (5 items), trust (5 items), professionalism (4 items) and justice (3 items).Answers are scored based on a 5-point Likert scale: the answer choices “Not important” and “Very important” are assigned 1 point and 5 points respectively. The score range is between 26 and 130—higher scores indicate the respondent’s greater familiarity with professional values.Findings: The participants of the study consisted of 99 nurses who were selected from the various parts of the university hospitals of Jahrom. The participants’ mean scores for caring, activism, trust, professionalism, justice and total perception of professional values were found to be 32.15,15.47, 17.37, 13.32,10.66 and 88.98 respectively. The results of the study showed that there was not a significant relationship between the age, gender and marital status of nurses on one hand and their professional values scores on the other (P=0.7).Conclusion: There is need for effective programs to enhance nurses’ awareness of certain of their professional duties and improve their professional performance in a wide range of professional areas alongside their duties as care-givers.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.47-51

scholarly journals Evaluating the prospects for university-based ethical governance in artificial intelligence and data-driven innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 174701612110227
Author(s):  
Christine Hine
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
The University ◽  
Ethical Governance

There has been considerable debate around the ethical issues raised by data-driven technologies such as artificial intelligence. Ethical principles for the field have focused on the need to ensure that such technologies are used for good rather than harm, that they enshrine principles of social justice and fairness, that they protect privacy, respect human autonomy and are open to scrutiny. While development of such principles is well advanced, there is as yet little consensus on the mechanisms appropriate for ethical governance in this field. This paper examines the prospects for the university ethics committee to undertake effective review of research conducted on data-driven technologies in the university context. Challenges identified include: the relatively narrow focus of university-based ethical review on the human subjects research process and lack of capacity to anticipate downstream impacts; the difficulties of accommodating the complex interplay of academic and commercial interests in the field; and the need to ensure appropriate expertise from both specialists and lay voices. Overall, the challenges identified sharpen appreciation of the need to encourage a joined-up and effective system of ethical governance that fosters an ethical culture rather than replacing ethical reflection with bureaucracy.

scholarly journals Howe’s dental cast analysis of students at the University of Sumatera Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Hilda Fitria Lubis ◽  
Tiopan Beltsazar Sinurat
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Cast Analysis

Background: Cast analysis is the measurement of the upper and lower arch in a 3-dimensional occlusal relationship. Howe’s Analysis can be used to observe total tooth material, arch length, and basal arch width. Howe’s Analysis was conducted to analyse abnormalities of both teeth and the jaw to help diagnose and plan dental care. Purpose: To analyse the difference in total tooth material, arch length, basal arch width, and Howe’s Index between male and female undergraduate students from the University of Sumatera Utara who are of Proto-Malay origin. Methods: Ninety-six samples comprised of 48 male and 48 female students were recruited through the purposive sampling method. All samples were undergraduate students at the University of Sumatera Utara and of Proto-Malay origin, aged between 18 to 26, and have met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. We measured the variables using a digital caliper to measure basal arch width and arch length and Moorrees’ method to measure total tooth material. Data were analysed statistically using an independent t-test to compare means between groups (p<0.05). Results: The male samples’ average value of total tooth material 98.49 mm±3.79, arch length 45.55 mm±2.28, basal arch width 41.07 mm±2.83, and Howe’s Index were 41.71 %±2.63, respectively. The female samples had a lower value compared to the male samples, 94.51 mm, 43.27 mm, 36.89 mm, and 39.05 % respectively. There was a significant difference in the total tooth material, arch length, basal arch width, and Howe’s Index between male and female undergraduate students from the University of Sumatera Utara of Proto-Malay origin (p=0.001; p<0.05). Conclusion: The average measurement of total tooth material, arch length, basal arch width, and Howe’s Index was higher in male than female undergraduate students from the University of Sumatera Utara of Proto-Malay origin.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Islamic Learning and Education Faculty Students towards English Language at Karachi University

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Nayab Iqbal ◽  
Kaukab Abid Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Education Faculty ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The University

The research paper aims at studying the attitudes of the students of Islamic Learning and Education Faculty towards English Language at the University of Karachi. It is based on testing the hypothesis that the students of Islamic Learning Faculty have less positive attitudes towards English language as compared to the students of Education faculty through a survey on first year students of both the faculties. A five point Likert scale was used to conduct a survey on 151 students of the Islamic Learning faculty and 135 students of the Education faculty. The results were calculated using an independent t-test and standard deviation which reveals that there is a minor difference in the attitudes of the student of both the faculties. The students of the Education faculty show more positive attitudes when asked about the importance of English language as compared to the attitudes of the students of Islamic Learning Faculty. However, the difference in their attitude is negligible. As the results reveal minor association between the attitudes of the learners and their faculty therefore, the study proves the null hypothesis which says that there is no significant difference between the attitudes of the students of both the faculties.

Attitudes Do Not and Cannot Change Overnight!

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
Yamikani Ndasauka ◽  
Tawina Chisi ◽  
Grivas Kayange ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Business Ethics ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethics Course ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Malawi

The study investigated the difference of attitudes towards business ethics between students who have studied a business ethics course (n=88) and those who have not (n=94) at the University of Malawi in Malawi. It was hypothesised that students who had undergone the course would have more positive attitudes towards business ethics than those who had not. We employed the Attitudes towards Business Ethics Questionnaire (ATBEQ) and used t-test to measure the difference. The results were surprising as most items (23/30) showed no significant difference in attitudes towards business ethics by students who had undergone the course from those who had not. Out of the seven that showed significant difference, five of the items showed more positive attitude towards business ethics by those students who had undergone the course than those students who had not. This shows that there is something positive as regards the methods of teaching business ethics at the University, but requires leveraging. The paper concludes by recommending three leveraging points that the University of Malawi can adopt in teaching a business ethics course.

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