Healthy District: Concepts and Issues

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Subhash Datta
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Degree

The healthy district, initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) is beginning in 2002 and the whole world is waiting to see the development activity which concerns each one of us. The approach aims to improve the social, cultural, nutritional, educational and environmental well being of the the people of the entire district. A healthy district is one that is continually creating and improving the physical and social environment. The basic characteristics of a healthy district in a developing country setup are: a clean and safe physical environment of very high quality; a high degree of community participation; a place where all human basic needs are satisfied for its people. The paper introduces the concepts of a healthy district set up and discusses the relevant issues that are likely to be addressed for creating a new and environment friendly administrative unit at the district level. The model is likely to be implemented in all districts of the South East Asian Region in the near future.

The scale of the problem

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

One in four individuals suffer from a psychiatric disorder at some point in their life, with 15– 20 per cent fitting cri­teria for a mental disorder at any given time. The latter corresponds to around 450 million people worldwide, placing mental disorders as one of the leading causes of global morbidity. Mental health problems represent five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in mid 2016 that ‘the global cost of mental illness is £651 billion per year’, stating that the equivalent of 50 million working years was being lost annually due to mental disorders. The financial global impact is clearly vast, but on a smaller scale, the social and psychological impacts of having a mental dis­order on yourself or your family are greater still. It is often difficult for the general public and clin­icians outside psychiatry to think of mental health dis­orders as ‘diseases’ because it is harder to pinpoint a specific pathological cause for them. When confronted with this view, it is helpful to consider that most of medicine was actually founded on this basis. For ex­ample, although medicine has been a profession for the past 2500 years, it was only in the late 1980s that Helicobacter pylori was linked to gastric/ duodenal ul­cers and gastric carcinoma, or more recently still that the BRCA genes were found to be a cause of breast cancer. Still much of clinical medicine treats a patient’s symptoms rather than objective abnormalities. The WHO has given the following definition of mental health:… Mental health is defined as a state of well- being in which every individual realizes his or her own po­tential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.… This is a helpful definition, because it clearly defines a mental disorder as a condition that disrupts this state in any way, and sets clear goals of treatment for the clinician. It identifies the fact that a disruption of an individual’s mental health impacts negatively not only upon their enjoyment and ability to cope with life, but also upon that of the wider community.

scholarly journals THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madona Kekelia ◽  
Eliso Kereselidze ◽  
Ina Shanava
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Health Organization

The disease COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, and, due to its high degree of virulence, it has spread rapidly around the world ever since. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization descried the situation as a pandemic, and in March 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Georgia. To limit the spread of the virus “lockdown” was ordered and, except in emergencies, the population was restricted from leaving home, the learning process in educational institutions was suspended, and all sorts of gatherings and public transport were put off. In these circumstances, as well as the risks associated with deteriorating health and economic problems, students also found themselves in a difficult situation in terms of getting access to education, caused by the transition to distance learning. The social category of students is characterized by an active lifestyle, a wide range of relationships and contacts. In consequence of the social distancing policies and measures implemented across the country to slow the spread of the virus, the reduction in contacts has given rise to feelings of loneliness and depression. The entire situation is likely to negatively affect the psychological well-being of students. It has been proven that high levels of stress among students are associated with low mental wellness, which in turn, may lead to poor academic performance and the emergence of social and psychological problems. Based on the abovestated, the aim of the present paper was to establish a link between the indicators of loneliness, depression and psychological well-being with students in the context of constraints caused by the COVID pandemic. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) were used for the purpose. Analysis of the results revealed that depression, anxiety and loneliness have a negative bearing on psychological well-being. The differences were analyzed in obedience to demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity and exercise on well-being in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques de Abreu ◽  
Roberta Andrade de Souza ◽  
Livia Gomes Viana-Meireles ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez ◽  
Alberto Filgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isolation Period

AbstractBackgroundA disease discovered in China, COVID-19, was characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic in March 2020. Many countries in the world implemented social isolation as a strategy to contain the virus transmission. The same physical distancing which protects society from COVID-19 from spreading may have an impact on the mental health and well-being of the population This study aims to shed some light on this phenomenon by assessing the relationship between physical activity and SWB among individuals in the social isolation period of COVID-19.MethodsData were collected in Brazil between March 31st and April 2nd, 2020. All volunteers agreed to participate by digitally checking the option of agreement right after reading the Consent Terms. The inclusion criteria were participants over 18 years old who had been in social isolation for at least one week and agreed to the Consent Terms. Three instruments were used: a questionnaire was built for this study which aimed to assess the participants’ exercise routine. The second instrument called Psychosocial Aspects, Well-being and Exercise in Confinement (PAWEC) was also created by these researchers and aimed to assess the relationship between well-being and physical activity during the social isolation period. And the third measure was the Brazilian Portuguese-adapted version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).FindingsA total of 592 participants reported being in social isolation for an average of 14.4 (SD=3.3) days. The amount of participants who reported strength training as exercise increased from 31 (5.2%) before isolation to 82 (13.9%) during quarantine. The study shows that well-being related to the practice of physical activity during quarantine is linked to an established routine of physical activity prior to the social isolation period.InterpretationPeople who already practiced physical activity feel more motivated to continue practicing during this period and this causes the appearance of positive affects, unlike people who are only now starting to exercise; according to the study, negative aspects can occur for those who are only just starting. In a period of social isolation, it is important that the practice of physical activity is closer to previous habits, also finding that an obligation to exercise during this period when this was not a reality for the person can contribute to an increase in malaise.

scholarly journals Social distancing using IoT approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuri Diwakar Kulkarni ◽  
Khalid Alfatmi ◽  
Nikhil Sunil Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Target Object ◽  
World Health ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIn the coronavirus outbreak pandemic by COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) has been issuing several guidelines through all government agencies. In line with those guidelines, social distancing in the population has been a major prevention practice, compelled by all government agencies worldwide. Despite strong recommendations to maintain at least one-and-a-half-meter distance between the persons, the guideline is not scrupulously followed. To overcome this situation, an IoT-based technical solution is proposed through this paper. PIR sensor is used for the detection of a target in the vicinity (1.5 m). Upon violation of social distancing norms, the system will trigger an audio alarm after the detection of the target object. The research paper model is prepared by considering the needs of the people. Many researchers are focusing on tracking affected persons, but few are focusing on the social distancing preventive. The suggested portable device will always notify the person who is violating the norm of 1.5 m. The proposed device will minimize the possibility of transmission and reduce the infection rate of COVID-19. The device uses a PIR sensor depending upon the applicability area of the human being.

scholarly journals RIGHT TO HEALTH IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ramakanta Satapathy ◽  
Bikram Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Organized Action

<p>Right to health is recognized by the constitution of India. The Constitution of World Health Organization states that, “Health is a State of Complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity.” Right to health presupposes that, “ it is the duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living of the people for good health. The apex court of India declared that Right to health is a fundamental right coming within Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Right to health and health care needs multi-disciplinary services to monitor health condition of life. It is a huge task requires effective management and organized action.  In this article an attempt is made to introspect the right to health within the constitutional parameters, international provisions and judicial decisions of Supreme Court. In this work doctrinal method is adopted to draw the conclusion. </p>

scholarly journals Empleo, educación y desigualdad: las juventudes mexicanas como población vulnerable en tiempos de COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-227
Author(s):  
Ernesto Isreal Santillán-Anguiano ◽  
Emilia Cristina González-Machado
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Health Organization

El presente trabajo reporta las condiciones estructurales de jóvenes mexicanos, como factores que exacerban la precariedad y las asimetrías para hacer frente a las consecuencias y los retos provocados por la alerta sanitaria de la pandemia de COVID-19 declarada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud el 11 de marzo del año 2020. Desde una metodología de análisis documental, se muestran aspectos de las condiciones laborales, educativas y de acceso a la tecnología de infor- mación de la población joven. Entre los resultados, se enuncian las dimensiones sociales y econó- micas que ponen en evidencia la carencia del Estado para atender a esta población, por lo que se mantienen y reproducen las desigualdades simbólicas y materiales lo que pone de manifiesto las limitadas oportunidades de bienestar de las juventudes en México. Employment, education and inequality: Mexican youth as a vulnerable population in times of COVID-19 Abstract: This work reports the structural conditions of young Mexicans, as factors that exacerbate the precariousness and asymmetries to face the consequences and challenges caused by the health alert of the COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. A documentary analysis methodology is used, aspects of the working conditions, education and access to information technology of the young population are shown. The results show the social and economic dimensions that highlight the lack of the State to serve this population. In this way, symbolic and material inequalities are maintained and reproduced, which shows the limited op- portunities for well-being of young Mexicans.

scholarly journals A participação de crianças com a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus: intercessões entre o modelo bioecológico e a funcionalidade humana

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Miriam Ribeiro Calheiros de Sá ◽  
Márcia Denise Pletsch
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Systemic Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Educational Inclusion ◽  
At Home

This article presents results of the participation and functionality of children with multiple disabilities due to Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome in activities performed at home. The qualitative research was carried out in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To collect information, we used the instrument Participation and Environment - Children and Youth (PEM-CY). The data were analyzed based on the references of the bioecological and systemic theory of human development by Uri Bronfenbrenner, in dialogue with the perspective of human functionality of the World Health Organization. The results showed that mothers are not only the main responsible for the daily care of children at home, but also develop different strategies to expand the participation and functionality of the child in daily activities, being, therefore, protagonists of the social and educational inclusion. They also indicated the need for intersectoral programs and actions to favor the development of these children and improve the quality of life and their well-being.

scholarly journals Women and Covid19: How the Italian Government Task Force Fostered Gender Equity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Camussi ◽  
R. Rella ◽  
P. Grigis ◽  
C. Sassi ◽  
C. Annovazzi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
The Social ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
Health Organization

Over the last decades, the social context has been characterized by uncertainty, complexity, and inequalities, with significant impacts on people, groups, and communities. Covid-19 Pandemic has accentuated social discriminations, as inequalities affecting women (World Health Organization, 2018), with repercussions on general income, health, education (Office for National Statistics, 2021) that have been exhausting people, the economic system, and the welfare state (Antonicelli et al., 2020). To cope with these difficulties, on april 10, 2020 the Italian Prime Minister appointed a Task Force of 17 experts with scientific and applicative skills in social and economic fields. Within a short time, the Task Force aimed at identifying practical solutions priming the relaunch of the country. Given the women’s central role in the country’s social and economic development, in the final version of the Task Force plan, Gender Equality was indicated as the third—strategic and innovative—axis, together with Digitization and Green Economy. Its rationale was to promote gender equality in every action, with an allocation of dedicated economic resources. Specifically, the Task Force’s Working Group named “Individuals, Families, and Society” proposed specific initiatives aimed at recognizing and bridging the gender gaps in the various areas, and measures to support vulnerable people. This contribution will focus on the central role that the Task Force has played in encouraging systematic attention to women, considering their needs and the social-economic impacts on their choices and well-being. It will illustrate the Task Force’s internal dynamics (there were four women out of 17 people, then increased), the process of inclusion of different perspectives, both gender and multidisciplinary, and the practices suggested for the post-pandemic rebuilding. The final goal will be to show the inability to promote innovation, resilience and sustainability, without working with and for the community. As shown by the Italian Task Force, an innovative change must consider a multiplicity of perspectives that reflects the complexity of reality, even in the political and decision-making debate. Therefore, it’s central to build multidisciplinary teams that include various professionals from the social sectors, as Social Psychology, Sociology, Pedagogy, Political Philosophy, Demography, and Social Statistics, both women and men.

scholarly journals Knowledge Enhancement on Lung Cancer and the Disease Prevention for People of Selokaton, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar

Warta LPM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Mirah Rejeki ◽  
Umi Kartikawati
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Health Department ◽  
World Health ◽  
The People ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Consumption Habit ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Degenerative Disease contributes 63% of dead worldwide. It counts for 36 million people’s death every year. The prevalence number of the disease in Indonesia increases constantly. Lifestyle and food consumption habit are identified as two reasons why the disease takes place. One type of the diseases is cancer, where according to the data of World Health Organization, this is the second highest reason of death after cardiovascular disease. Type of cancer with the highest incidence and the top reason of death is lung cancer. In Karanganyar, according to the Health Department data, the occurrence of lung cancer increased from 1 case in 2016 to 5 cases in 2017. This increment alerts the urgent need for prevention and treatment of the disease. The lack of knowledge about lung cancer is the main reason leading to a possible high prevalence number. Based on the situation, the people knowledge about the lung cancer needs to be enhanced. This community development program was set up to achieve that objective through activity of presentation, discussion, and consultation. It involved 36 people in the age of 30-65 year old selected by the local government of Selokaton. The knowledge improvement of the attendees was assessed using pre-test and post-test. It was measured that the knowledge of participants increases from 4.58 at pre-test to 8.53 at post-test. This may indicate their interest on the program. It is expected that their knowledge will motivate then changing lifestyle in order to prevent the disease.

scholarly journals Monitoring Social Distancing Using a New Social Spread Detector

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2958-2961
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The Novel Coronavirus is the most dangerous and deadly virus in the present century of our living. It brings a serious concern to the life of the person when affected. It is mainly affected when there is less usage of masks and the negligence in following the guidelines that are prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). After a large number of cases and deaths WHO announced it as a pandemic. Many countries went in Lockdown for several months concerning the number of cases evolving in their region. This directly affected the economic status of those countries. Several studies suggest many waves of the virus are yet to come. To tackle this some countries after the Coronavirus cases gone down, paved way for the economic activities while following the preventive measures like social distancing to boost their economy. There is a need for an application that can alert the people based on location, that how strict social distancing is followed in that particular location hence they can be a bit more cautious when they are traveling to that location. This not only helps the people but also helps the governing authorities to ensure that strict social distancing is being followed in those particular locations and help in reducing the spread of the deadly virus. Our proposed system will be connected to the social distance detector which has access to a stationary camera retrieves the information of the number of people following and neglecting the social distance in that particular location of the stationary camera in real time. By calculating an index showcasing the ratio of people following the social distance to the people detected and setting a threshold an alert is sent to the user through this application.

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