scholarly journals Women and Covid19: How the Italian Government Task Force Fostered Gender Equity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Camussi ◽  
R. Rella ◽  
P. Grigis ◽  
C. Sassi ◽  
C. Annovazzi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
The Social ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
Health Organization

Over the last decades, the social context has been characterized by uncertainty, complexity, and inequalities, with significant impacts on people, groups, and communities. Covid-19 Pandemic has accentuated social discriminations, as inequalities affecting women (World Health Organization, 2018), with repercussions on general income, health, education (Office for National Statistics, 2021) that have been exhausting people, the economic system, and the welfare state (Antonicelli et al., 2020). To cope with these difficulties, on april 10, 2020 the Italian Prime Minister appointed a Task Force of 17 experts with scientific and applicative skills in social and economic fields. Within a short time, the Task Force aimed at identifying practical solutions priming the relaunch of the country. Given the women’s central role in the country’s social and economic development, in the final version of the Task Force plan, Gender Equality was indicated as the third—strategic and innovative—axis, together with Digitization and Green Economy. Its rationale was to promote gender equality in every action, with an allocation of dedicated economic resources. Specifically, the Task Force’s Working Group named “Individuals, Families, and Society” proposed specific initiatives aimed at recognizing and bridging the gender gaps in the various areas, and measures to support vulnerable people. This contribution will focus on the central role that the Task Force has played in encouraging systematic attention to women, considering their needs and the social-economic impacts on their choices and well-being. It will illustrate the Task Force’s internal dynamics (there were four women out of 17 people, then increased), the process of inclusion of different perspectives, both gender and multidisciplinary, and the practices suggested for the post-pandemic rebuilding. The final goal will be to show the inability to promote innovation, resilience and sustainability, without working with and for the community. As shown by the Italian Task Force, an innovative change must consider a multiplicity of perspectives that reflects the complexity of reality, even in the political and decision-making debate. Therefore, it’s central to build multidisciplinary teams that include various professionals from the social sectors, as Social Psychology, Sociology, Pedagogy, Political Philosophy, Demography, and Social Statistics, both women and men.

The scale of the problem

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

One in four individuals suffer from a psychiatric disorder at some point in their life, with 15– 20 per cent fitting cri­teria for a mental disorder at any given time. The latter corresponds to around 450 million people worldwide, placing mental disorders as one of the leading causes of global morbidity. Mental health problems represent five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in mid 2016 that ‘the global cost of mental illness is £651 billion per year’, stating that the equivalent of 50 million working years was being lost annually due to mental disorders. The financial global impact is clearly vast, but on a smaller scale, the social and psychological impacts of having a mental dis­order on yourself or your family are greater still. It is often difficult for the general public and clin­icians outside psychiatry to think of mental health dis­orders as ‘diseases’ because it is harder to pinpoint a specific pathological cause for them. When confronted with this view, it is helpful to consider that most of medicine was actually founded on this basis. For ex­ample, although medicine has been a profession for the past 2500 years, it was only in the late 1980s that Helicobacter pylori was linked to gastric/ duodenal ul­cers and gastric carcinoma, or more recently still that the BRCA genes were found to be a cause of breast cancer. Still much of clinical medicine treats a patient’s symptoms rather than objective abnormalities. The WHO has given the following definition of mental health:… Mental health is defined as a state of well- being in which every individual realizes his or her own po­tential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.… This is a helpful definition, because it clearly defines a mental disorder as a condition that disrupts this state in any way, and sets clear goals of treatment for the clinician. It identifies the fact that a disruption of an individual’s mental health impacts negatively not only upon their enjoyment and ability to cope with life, but also upon that of the wider community.

scholarly journals THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madona Kekelia ◽  
Eliso Kereselidze ◽  
Ina Shanava
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Health Organization

The disease COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, and, due to its high degree of virulence, it has spread rapidly around the world ever since. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization descried the situation as a pandemic, and in March 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Georgia. To limit the spread of the virus “lockdown” was ordered and, except in emergencies, the population was restricted from leaving home, the learning process in educational institutions was suspended, and all sorts of gatherings and public transport were put off. In these circumstances, as well as the risks associated with deteriorating health and economic problems, students also found themselves in a difficult situation in terms of getting access to education, caused by the transition to distance learning. The social category of students is characterized by an active lifestyle, a wide range of relationships and contacts. In consequence of the social distancing policies and measures implemented across the country to slow the spread of the virus, the reduction in contacts has given rise to feelings of loneliness and depression. The entire situation is likely to negatively affect the psychological well-being of students. It has been proven that high levels of stress among students are associated with low mental wellness, which in turn, may lead to poor academic performance and the emergence of social and psychological problems. Based on the abovestated, the aim of the present paper was to establish a link between the indicators of loneliness, depression and psychological well-being with students in the context of constraints caused by the COVID pandemic. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) were used for the purpose. Analysis of the results revealed that depression, anxiety and loneliness have a negative bearing on psychological well-being. The differences were analyzed in obedience to demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity and exercise on well-being in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques de Abreu ◽  
Roberta Andrade de Souza ◽  
Livia Gomes Viana-Meireles ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez ◽  
Alberto Filgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isolation Period

AbstractBackgroundA disease discovered in China, COVID-19, was characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic in March 2020. Many countries in the world implemented social isolation as a strategy to contain the virus transmission. The same physical distancing which protects society from COVID-19 from spreading may have an impact on the mental health and well-being of the population This study aims to shed some light on this phenomenon by assessing the relationship between physical activity and SWB among individuals in the social isolation period of COVID-19.MethodsData were collected in Brazil between March 31st and April 2nd, 2020. All volunteers agreed to participate by digitally checking the option of agreement right after reading the Consent Terms. The inclusion criteria were participants over 18 years old who had been in social isolation for at least one week and agreed to the Consent Terms. Three instruments were used: a questionnaire was built for this study which aimed to assess the participants’ exercise routine. The second instrument called Psychosocial Aspects, Well-being and Exercise in Confinement (PAWEC) was also created by these researchers and aimed to assess the relationship between well-being and physical activity during the social isolation period. And the third measure was the Brazilian Portuguese-adapted version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).FindingsA total of 592 participants reported being in social isolation for an average of 14.4 (SD=3.3) days. The amount of participants who reported strength training as exercise increased from 31 (5.2%) before isolation to 82 (13.9%) during quarantine. The study shows that well-being related to the practice of physical activity during quarantine is linked to an established routine of physical activity prior to the social isolation period.InterpretationPeople who already practiced physical activity feel more motivated to continue practicing during this period and this causes the appearance of positive affects, unlike people who are only now starting to exercise; according to the study, negative aspects can occur for those who are only just starting. In a period of social isolation, it is important that the practice of physical activity is closer to previous habits, also finding that an obligation to exercise during this period when this was not a reality for the person can contribute to an increase in malaise.

scholarly journals Empleo, educación y desigualdad: las juventudes mexicanas como población vulnerable en tiempos de COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-227
Author(s):  
Ernesto Isreal Santillán-Anguiano ◽  
Emilia Cristina González-Machado
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Health Organization

El presente trabajo reporta las condiciones estructurales de jóvenes mexicanos, como factores que exacerban la precariedad y las asimetrías para hacer frente a las consecuencias y los retos provocados por la alerta sanitaria de la pandemia de COVID-19 declarada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud el 11 de marzo del año 2020. Desde una metodología de análisis documental, se muestran aspectos de las condiciones laborales, educativas y de acceso a la tecnología de infor- mación de la población joven. Entre los resultados, se enuncian las dimensiones sociales y econó- micas que ponen en evidencia la carencia del Estado para atender a esta población, por lo que se mantienen y reproducen las desigualdades simbólicas y materiales lo que pone de manifiesto las limitadas oportunidades de bienestar de las juventudes en México. Employment, education and inequality: Mexican youth as a vulnerable population in times of COVID-19 Abstract: This work reports the structural conditions of young Mexicans, as factors that exacerbate the precariousness and asymmetries to face the consequences and challenges caused by the health alert of the COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. A documentary analysis methodology is used, aspects of the working conditions, education and access to information technology of the young population are shown. The results show the social and economic dimensions that highlight the lack of the State to serve this population. In this way, symbolic and material inequalities are maintained and reproduced, which shows the limited op- portunities for well-being of young Mexicans.

scholarly journals A participação de crianças com a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus: intercessões entre o modelo bioecológico e a funcionalidade humana

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Miriam Ribeiro Calheiros de Sá ◽  
Márcia Denise Pletsch
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Systemic Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Educational Inclusion ◽  
At Home

This article presents results of the participation and functionality of children with multiple disabilities due to Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome in activities performed at home. The qualitative research was carried out in Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To collect information, we used the instrument Participation and Environment - Children and Youth (PEM-CY). The data were analyzed based on the references of the bioecological and systemic theory of human development by Uri Bronfenbrenner, in dialogue with the perspective of human functionality of the World Health Organization. The results showed that mothers are not only the main responsible for the daily care of children at home, but also develop different strategies to expand the participation and functionality of the child in daily activities, being, therefore, protagonists of the social and educational inclusion. They also indicated the need for intersectoral programs and actions to favor the development of these children and improve the quality of life and their well-being.

Healthy District: Concepts and Issues

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Subhash Datta
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Degree

The healthy district, initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) is beginning in 2002 and the whole world is waiting to see the development activity which concerns each one of us. The approach aims to improve the social, cultural, nutritional, educational and environmental well being of the the people of the entire district. A healthy district is one that is continually creating and improving the physical and social environment. The basic characteristics of a healthy district in a developing country setup are: a clean and safe physical environment of very high quality; a high degree of community participation; a place where all human basic needs are satisfied for its people. The paper introduces the concepts of a healthy district set up and discusses the relevant issues that are likely to be addressed for creating a new and environment friendly administrative unit at the district level. The model is likely to be implemented in all districts of the South East Asian Region in the near future.

scholarly journals WORKERS' RIGHT TO HEALTH AS A RIGHT TO WELL-BEING

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Antonella D'Andrea
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

Work and well-being are closely related since the quality of working conditions and prospects have a direct impact on the individual's level of well-being. Economic development must necessarily consider the well-being dimension, because of its direct connection with productivity and competitiveness. The first commitment to achieving a global well-being strategy was made taken by the World Health Organization, but the same principles can be to be found in the social rights pillar of the European Union. In Italy in any case, the Constitution of 1948 already establishes the pursuit of the full development of the human person and, in it, establishing the right to health, understood as a state of psychophysical well-being. Actually, in the digital society, the worker enabled to work from any place and at any time thanks to technological devices, enjoys a greater autonomy in their working activity. However, the intensive use of new technologies is likely to have ambiguous and even contradictory effects.

Quality of life and the ICIDH: towards an integrated conceptual model for rehabilitation outcomes research

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel WM Post
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: The development of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) has led to the assessment of a wider range of relevant rehabilitation outcomes, but a need for a further broadening exists. In this article, a new proposal for an extended ICIDH is made. Method: Review of the literature on quality of life and of attempts to integrate the World Health Organization (WHO) biopsychosocial model and the ICIDH. Results: Our review shows three operationalizations of the concept of quality of life: as health, as well-being and, preferably, as a superordinate construct. None of the attempts to integrate the WHO biopsychosocial model have been entirely successful. Our new proposal is characterized by (a) incorporation of the organ, person and social levels of the ICIDH, (b) distinction between objective and subjective aspects of quality of life as a second axis in the model, resulting in somatic sensations as the subjective part of the organ level, perceived health as the subjective part of the person level and domain- specific life satisfaction as the subjective part of the social level, and (c) separation of the concept of general well-being or happiness as being distinct from the ICIDH. The proposal model is intended to serve as a framework in which different outcomes can be positioned in relation to each other. Conclusion: Our model is intuitively appealing and remains close to familiar concepts and models. However, it is as yet far from perfect, and we hope to provoke discussion to help further refinement.

Study the Anatomy and Physiology of Body's Urinary System and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) for the Design an Intelligent Alarm System for Monitoring of FMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Shirzadfar ◽  
Narsis Gordoghli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Organization

In recent years, chronic medical problems have become increasingly prevalent. Chronic ‎illnesses challenge the view of life as a regular and continuous process, a challenge that has ‎important psychological consequences. The long duration of people suffering from these ‎diseases, the long process of treatment and the fact that there is no proper and definitive ‎treatment for most of these diseases and their associated complications have made chronic ‎diseases a detrimental factor in public health. According to the World Health Organization ‎‎(2006), the prevalence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is increasing in all countries, ‎especially developing countries, so that the major challenge for the health system in the present ‎century, is not living people, but better adapted to chronic illnesses and maintaining their ‎mental and social health and well-being Ed's life-threatening chronic physical illness.‎ Chronic pain is a pain that lasts longer than usual, and according to the criteria of the ‎International Association of Pain, this time is defined as at least 3 months to 6 months. Chronic ‎pain is such that not only faced the sick person whit the pressure of the pain but also with many ‎other pressure that affect different parts of her life. Fibromyalgia is one of the most rheumatologic disorders and one of the most resistant chronic ‎pain syndromes. Fibromyalgia is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in adults ‎and chronic pain is one of the most common complaints in this group of patients.

Drinking-Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in a Colombian Department, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Dora Cardona Rivas ◽  
Militza Yulain Cardona Guzmán ◽  
Olga Lucía Ocampo López
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To characterize the burden of intestinal infectious diseases attributable to drinking-water quality in 27 municipalities in the central region of Colombia. Materials and methods: A time-trend ecological study. The drinking-water quality of the National Institute of Health and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies was identified. The disease burden was calculated based on the mortality registered in the National Department of Statistics and the records of morbidity attended by the Social Protection Integrated Information System. The etiological agents reported in morbidity records and the observation of environmental conditions in the municipalities of the study were included. The disease burden was determined according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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