scholarly journals Sustainable Debt Policies of Indian State Governments

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Renjith ◽  
K.R. Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Debt Policies

This study analyses the public debt sustainability issue of 20 major Indian states using the Bohn framework for panel data from 2005–2006 to 2014–2015. It employs regular panel data estimation procedures and the penalized spline (p-spline) technique. The results indicate that the primary balance of state governments responds positively to high public debt, so debt policies are successful in sustaining the debt situation of Indian states as a whole. However, at the individual level, debt is sustainable only in 12 states; in 8 states, debt is unsustainable and so these states require corrective action. These findings may be useful to policymakers and other stakeholders to formulate appropriate strategies to improve the debt situation of Indian states. JEL Classification: E62, H63, H72, H740

New Technology Communication in American State Governments

2012 ◽  
pp. 1806-1823
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Yun ◽  
Cynthia Opheim
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combined Data

This study examines the effects of states’ e-government efforts, more specifically the progress of e-service and e-democracy, on citizens’ general political engagement and electoral participation. Utilizing the combined data with the state level of West’s e-Government measures (2008) and the individual level of the 2008 American Election Study, this study finds a strong link between state sponsored efforts at e-Government and traditional forms of the public’s political participation. State sponsored digital services and outreach increase general political participation more than campaign activities, and the implementation of e-democracy has a greater effect on mobilization than e-service. The results imply that e-government has potential to ameliorate political exclusion by letting the politically disadvantaged access a higher quality of information with an equalized accessibility through state governments’ electronic systems.

New Technology Communication in American State Governments

2012 ◽  
pp. 573-590
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Yun ◽  
Cynthia Opheim
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combined Data

This study examines the effects of states’ e-government efforts, more specifically the progress of e-service and e-democracy, on citizens’ general political engagement and electoral participation. Utilizing the combined data with the state level of West’s e-Government measures (2008) and the individual level of the 2008 American Election Study, this study finds a strong link between state sponsored efforts at e-Government and traditional forms of the public’s political participation. State sponsored digital services and outreach increase general political participation more than campaign activities, and the implementation of e-democracy has a greater effect on mobilization than e-service. The results imply that e-government has potential to ameliorate political exclusion by letting the politically disadvantaged access a higher quality of information with an equalized accessibility through state governments’ electronic systems.

The shi, diplomats, and urban expansion during the Warring States Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 656-671
Author(s):  
Andrew Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Specialization

The shi, or “knights,” were not a coherent class during the Warring States period, though figures identified as such were central to the social, political, and cultural dynamism of the era. As the fragmentary states of the early Zhou era politically consolidated, the nature of the aristocracy changed. The aristocracy bifurcated into a steeply divergent populace of “kings” and their kin at the top and the mass of undifferentiated knights far below. Although not exactly a period of shi ascendancy, it was, at the individual level, a time of very fluid social mobility. State governments grew in power to the point of being able to determine the power and status even of hereditary aristocrats. All social positions became gauged in relation to their utility for the state. Low-born knights could rise to positions of high power and status through meritorious service to the state. Diplomacy became a field in which talents for strategy or rhetoric could earn great merit. Some of the most influential figures of the Warring States were humble knights that distinguished themselves as diplomats. Social fluidity was likewise embodied in urbanization. As the Warring States saw rapid population growth, technological advancement, and economic specialization cities grew in size and changed in character. Where they had once been principally military and cult centers, they evolved into centers of commerce and manufacturing in which new communities and social institutions took shape.

FRBM Act- One Size Fit All: Not an Optimum Strategy A Case Study of Haryana and Punjab

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Bishnoi ◽  
Tanu
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Fiscal Responsibility ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
Act One

The fiscal crisis in the late 1990s caused rise in public debt in most of the Indian states forcing states to go for new borrowings even to finance revenue deficit (RD). To control this situation s Fiscal responsibility and budget management (FRBM) Act was enacted. The FRBM Act does not allow variation in underlying economic factors of the states. In the present paper an endeavor is made to evaluate the usefulness of various constraints on state governments fiscal management. Evidences from Haryana and Punjab show less rigid FRBM Act framework giving flexibility to states would be better option than the existing one.

scholarly journals The Influence of Developmental Idealism on Marital Attitudes, Expectations, and Timing

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 2359-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keera Allendorf ◽  
Arland Thornton ◽  
Colter Mitchell ◽  
Linda Young-DeMarco
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Young People ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Marital Attitudes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Developmental Idealism

Recent theory suggests that developmental idealism (DI) is an important source of variation and change in family behavior, yet this suggestion is largely untested at the individual level. This study examines the influence of DI beliefs and values on individuals’ entrance into marriage. We hypothesize that when individuals and their parents endorse DI, they enter into marriage later or more slowly. We also hypothesize that two pathways connecting DI to marriage are the instillation of older timing attitudes and expectations of marrying at older ages. We test these hypotheses using panel data collected in Nepal from 2008 to 2014. When young people and their parents endorsed DI, the young people valued older ages at marriage and expected to marry later. Young people’s own DI endorsement also delayed their entrance into marriage, but parents’ DI did not.

scholarly journals The Cyclicality of Skill Acquisition: Evidence from Panel Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Méndez ◽  
Facundo Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents new empirical evidence regarding the cyclicality of skill acquisition activities. The paper studies both training and schooling episodes at the individual level using quarterly data from the NLSY79 for a period of 19 years. We find that aggregate schooling is strongly countercyclical, while aggregate training is acyclical. Several training categories, however, behave procyclically. The results also indicate that firm-financed training is procyclical, while training financed through other means is countercyclical; and that the cyclicality of skill acquisition investments depends significantly on the educational level and the employment status of the individual. (JEL E24, E32, I20, J24)

scholarly journals The microfoundations of organizational ambidexterity: A systematic review of individual ambidexterity through a multilevel framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 234094442092971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M Pertusa-Ortega ◽  
José F Molina-Azorín ◽  
Juan José Tarí ◽  
Jorge Pereira-Moliner ◽  
María D López-Gamero
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Ambidexterity ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exploration Exploitation

The analysis of ambidexterity at the individual level may help to open the black box of organizational ambidexterity and to address the microfoundations of the exploration/exploitation dilemma in order to know how it can be achieved. The purpose of this article is to examine the main characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of individual ambidexterity, highlighting several key theoretical and methodological issues. Through a systematic literature review, we synthesize and integrate knowledge about individual ambidexterity, identifying opportunities and challenges for future research. We propose a multilevel framework that includes antecedents, consequences, and contingent effects of individual ambidexterity and their relationships. This multilevel framework may help to overcome the micro–macro divide in the management field. We also provide a synthesis of future research proposals. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M10

War Deaths Can Increase Support for Incumbents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter John Loewen ◽  
Daniel Rubenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
District Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Effects Of War

Abstract War comes with terrible costs both in terms of money and lives. Do voters punish incumbents for these costs? Much of the existing literature on the effects of war deaths on public opinion toward incumbents and their war efforts suggests that the answer is yes. We test this proposition on data from a non-US case: Canada's war in Afghanistan. We estimate models of the effect of local war deaths on incumbent support using individual-level panel data from the 2006, 2008 and 2011 Canadian Election Studies and aggregate district-level data from the 2008 and 2011 general elections. In none of our models do we find support for the conclusion that war deaths decrease support for candidates of the governing party. Instead, we find evidence at both the individual and district levels that support for Conservative party candidates is higher in districts that experienced war deaths.

Revisiting the Sustainability of India’s Fiscal Deficit

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110066
Author(s):  
Manisha Devi ◽  
Amiya Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Fiscal Reaction Function ◽  
The Government

Growing fiscal deficit and public debt has been a cause of concern for the government, economists and the policymakers of India since long. Various studies have tried to test the sustainability issue of India’s fiscal policies applying various methodologies time to time. However, the results obtained are ambiguous. Such ambiguity might emerge because of the various methodologies adopted for the respective studies. In view of this, the current study attempts to revisit the sustainability issue of India’s fiscal deficit using up-to-date time series methodologies on the annual data sets ranging from the time period 1981 to 2019. Apart from this, the study also tries to verify the results using a model based on fiscal reaction function (FRF) developed by Henning Bohn. The study found the fiscal deficit of India to be sustainable. JEL Classification: H61, H62, H63, H68

scholarly journals Measuring open defecation in India using survey questions: evidence from a randomised survey experiment

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e030152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Vyas ◽  
Nikhil Srivastav ◽  
Divya Mary ◽  
Neeta Goel ◽  
Sujatha Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Question Type ◽  
Household Member ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Latrine Use

ObjectivesTo investigate differences in reported open defecation between a question about latrine use or open defecation for every household member and a household-level question.SettingRural India is home to most of the world’s open defecation. India’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2015–2016 estimates that 54% of households in rural India defecate in the open. This measure is based on a question asking about the behaviour of all household members in one question. Yet, studies in rural India find substantial open defecation among individuals living in households with latrines, suggesting that household-level questions underestimate true open defecation.ParticipantsIn 2018, we randomly assigned latrine-owning households in rural parts of four Indian states to receive one of two survey modules measuring sanitation behaviour. 1215 households were asked about latrine use or open defecation individually for every household member. 1216 households were asked the household-level question used in India’s DHS: what type of facility do members of the household usually use?ResultsWe compare reported open defecation between households asked the individual-level questions and those asked the household-level question. Using two methods for comparing open defecation by question type, the individual-level question found 20–21 (95% CI 16 to 25 for both estimates) percentage points more open defecation than the household-level question, among all households, and 28–29 (95% CI 22 to 35 for both estimates) percentage points more open defecation among households that received assistance to construct their latrines.ConclusionsWe provide the first evidence that individual-level questions find more open defecation than household-level questions. Because reducing open defecation in India is essential to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, and exposure to open defecation has consequences for child mortality and development, it is essential to accurately monitor its progress.Trial registration numberRegistry for International Development Impact Evaluations (5b55458ca54d1).

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