Solid Waste Scavenger Community: An Investigation in Bangkok, Thailand

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipapun Kungskulniti ◽  
Chompusakdi Pulket ◽  
F DeWolfe Miller ◽  
Kirk R Smith
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Health Related

A solid waste scavenger community at On-Nooch dump site in Bangkok was investigated. The purpose was to identify the dimensions of the public health risk to this group of people and their community due to exposure to hazardous conditions from waste materials. A cross-sectional descriptive study utilizing field surveys and measurements was performed. The demographic, socioeconomic, health related and environmental characteristics of this community were examined. Health complaints and injuries were inventoried among scavengers. Prevalence of childhood respiratory illness was high especially in those households where smoking was present. Intestinal helminthic and protozoan infection in children were detected. Six individuals with possible HIV infection and a number of Hepatitis B antigenemia were found among male respondents. An appreciable proportion of respondents fell below normal when tested for lung function. Air pollution measurements showed acceptable ambient air levels except for particulate matters. Water quality was low for both potable and nonpotable water.

scholarly journals Awareness of Medical Survey among School Teachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Khalid B Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
High School Teachers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Awareness Level ◽  
Different Parts

The study aims to evaluate the awareness level regarding the importance of medical survey among a sample of school teachers in public and the private sectors. The study has investigated the presence of Otolaryngologic diseases including Dysphonia among teachers. A cross-sectional sample was selected from different parts of Jeddah city to enroll the elementary, intermediate, and the high school teachers. There were more than 800 schools; however, the study has selected 26 schools only. The study was conducted during the academic year of 2014. The awareness about medical survey among public awareness is of paramount importance in the detection, management, and planning of health related problems. The study has depicted less than acceptable participation from the school teachers regarding the awareness and management of health problems, and more efforts have to be made to educate the public sectors about the importance of the medical survey.

scholarly journals The practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hand Rubbing ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The One

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi. Method and techniques: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study in which the population consisted on the one hand of the technical rooms of the maternity hospitals and the operating rooms for cesarean sections and on the other hand the nurses responsible for these maternities. The observation technique using an observation guide of the WHO model allowed us to collect the data. Results: Hand hygiene was not properly carried out in the maternity wards of Lubumbashi's public hospitals. Most of the prerequisites before hand washing and hydro-alcoholic hand rubbing were not respected, the prerequisites for surgical hand washing were observed only at 21.4%:e wearing of short-sleeved clothing (43.0%),absence of jewelry (78.6%), short nails without varnish and false nails (50.0%). In the absence of hydroalcoholic solution (SHA) (71.4%) for the friction, they used denatured alcohol (28.6%). The duration of soaping and friction was in an interval between 11 to 20 seconds or 42.9% and that of hygienic hand washing was observed at 28.6%. The duration of surgical and antiseptic hand washing was 21 to 40 seconds to 35.7%. Only 21.4% of the departments surveyed had used the broad-spectrum antiseptic foaming solution, no structure had a sterile disposable brush for hygienic and surgical hand washing, 2/14 departments surveyed had sterile disposable towels, the water used had not undergone bacteriological control and only one service, ie 7.1%, which had non-manually operated bins. Conclusion: Hand hygiene is not properly carried out in maternity hospitals in Lubumbashi's public hospitals, due to a lack of equipment and knowledge on this practice, equipment must be provided and staff trained in hand hygiene.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Implementation of the Nursing Process in the Public Hospitals of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

OALib ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndayi Kabamba Julie ◽  
Ilunga Kandolo Simon ◽  
Matungulu Matungulu Charles ◽  
Kabange Umba Irène ◽  
Abdulu Mahuridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals GAMBARAN TEMPAT PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH TERPADU DI KABUPATEN BADUNG DAN KOTA DENPASAR TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Gusti Nyoman Tri Maha Putra ◽  
Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
General Description ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Material Recovery Facility

ABSTRAK Sampah yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat mengakibatkan dampak yang buruk bagi lingkungan. Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) merupakan salah satu cara dalam mengelola sampah. Tercatat terdapat 27 TPST yang ada di Kabupaten Badung dan Kota Denpasar. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap pengelolaan TPS 3R tahun anggaran 2012 oleh Direktorat PLP Cipta Karya menunjukkan keberfungsian TPS 3R masih rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran umum TPST yang ada di Kabupaten Badung dan Kota Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode cross-sectional. Objek penelitian ini adalah 24 TPST di Kabupaten Badung dan Kota Denpasar. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 24 TPST yang diteliti, 21 TPST beroperasi dengan aktif dan 3 TPST tidak beroperasi. Lembaga pengelola TPST juga bervariasi dimana mayoritas dikelola oleh kelompok swadyaya masyarakat. Kegiatan pengolahan sampah yang dilakukan di TPST bervariasi yaitu pengangkutan sampah, pengolahan sampah organik, anorganik, serta pengolahan sampah organik dan anorganik. Permasalahan yang dialami oleh TPST adalah kondisi sampah yang masih tercampur dan tingginya residu yang dihasilkan, Penting bagi TPST untuk bekerjasama dengan pihak terkait untuk meningkatkan performa TPST.   Kata Kunci : Sampah, tempat pengolahan sampah terpadu   ABSTRACT Solid waste that is not managed properly can have negative impact on the environment. Material recovery facility (MRF) is one way to manage waste. There were 27 MRF in Badung Regency and Denpasar City recorded. The results of monitoring and evaluation of MRF in 2012 by Direktorat PLP Cipta Karya show that the functioning of the MRF is still low. The purpose of this study was to determine the general description of MRF in Badung Regency and Denpasar City. The data were analyzed descriptively. This research is a descriptive study using cross-sectional method. The object of this research is 24 MRFs in Badung Regency and Denpasar City.  The results showed that of the 24 MRFs studied, 21 MRFs operated actively and 3 MRFs did not operate. The MRF management institution also varies where the majority is managed by community. The waste processing activities carried out in MRF vary, namely waste transportation, processing of organic, inorganic waste, and processing of organic and inorganic waste. The problems that experienced by MRF were the condition of the waste that was still mixed, and the high residue produced. It is important for MRF to work with relevant parties to improve the performance of MRF.   Keywords : Solid waste, material recovery facility

scholarly journals An Assessment of Antimicrobial Prescription Pattern among Surgical Patients: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Bikash Bahadur Rayamajhi ◽  
Sunil Basukala ◽  
Anjan Khadka ◽  
Narayan Thapa ◽  
Dhirendra Bahadur Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Effective Group

Introduction: Antimicrobials are used before, during and after surgery to prevent infections to decrease the duration of hospital stay, increase surgical outcomes and reduce health-related costs. There is inadequate evidence to determine the effective group of antimicrobials to be used in surgical prophylaxis in our settings. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study involving antimicrobial prescriptions pattern among 223 surgical patients was undertaken. Information on patient’s demographic variables, diagnosis, type of surgery and wound, perioperative antimicrobial use, postoperative complications and number of antimicrobials prescribed from the essential medicine list were recorded. The antibiotic prescription patterns were assessed based on a comparison with international and national guidelines. Results: Among 223 patients, males were predominant with an overall mean age of 42.77 years. The total number of diagnoses was 30, the commonest being appendicitis (21.52%), urinary stone disease (15.69%), hernia (13.90%) and cholelithiasis (11.65%). The common surgeries performed were emergency appendectomy, hernioplasty and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eighteen types of drugs from seven different antimicrobial groups were used perioperatively, out of which 73% and 83% were prescribed based on international and national guidelines respectively. Conclusion: The most common antimicrobial used was third-generation cephalosporin. The postoperative antimicrobial rate was found higher compared to preoperative and intraoperative prescriptions and for a longer duration compared to national and international guidelines.

A Strategy for Sustainable Mananagement of Municipal Solid Waste in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1968-1975
Author(s):  
Aliyu Baba Nabegu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Prevalence

This paper assesses the current management of municipal solid waste in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Data was collected through a desk study of the operations of the state agency responsible for waste management, - Refuse management and sanitation board (REMASAB); interview with key officials of the agency; participation in the day to day activities of the agency; direct measurement and segregation of the waste; laboratory analysis of some bacterial isolate in the waste and interview with residents of the city between 2006 - 2013. The results of the study indicates that 79.25% of the residents do not use official dump site , 68% consider the service as very poor, 55% believe frequency of collection is unsatisfactory and 92.4% believe coverage is very poor. Presence of some bacterial isolate in the waste such as escherichia coli 86.7%, staphylococus aureus 76.7%, shigella 43.3% samonella Sp 46.7%, klebsiela Sp 43.3%, protues Sp 33.3%, indicates presence of faecal matter and may be the source of the high prevalence of cholera, diarrhea and typhoid in Kano metropolis. The high organic content 61%, ash and dirt 20 %, use of unsanitary landfill portends great potential for methane generation which is dangerous to the global environment. The paper recommends a decentralised system to local authorities where local businesses can be created to utilise the large pool of unemployed as well as to explore the opportunities of the waste management chain in recycling, composting, re-use and equipments manufacture. The paper highlighted some of the constraints that must be addressed to ensure the success of the proposal, which includes, lack of data collection on waste stream, lack training and need to create awareness among the public. Key Words: Sustainable development, municipal waste management; recycling; composting; reuse

scholarly journals Citizens’ Expectations from Government in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Zarei ◽  
Saeed Shahabi ◽  
Ahmad Kalateh Sadati ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Seyed Taghi Heydari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: The government is the main body in charge of controlling epidemics; hence, expectations from government’s intention and capacity would affect citizens’ behavior and flexibility. Given the severity of COVID-19 pandemic and an urgent need for people's cooperation in the prevention and combat processes, understanding the public perspectives would be crucial and instructive. This study aimed to explore such perspectives towards the current pandemic among the Iranian. Indeed, we sought to provide a favorable platform for effective policies in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic by recognizing public expectations.Methods: This cross sectional study used an open-ended online questionnaire to investigate the common perspectives of the Iranian towards government’s response to COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were selected using snowball and convenient sampling techniques across the country. The collected data were analyzed and described using thematic content analysis. Results: In general, 2547 participants agreed to participate in this study and completed the online questionnaire. According to the findings, the Iranian exhibited several expectations regarding the government's response to COVID-19 pandemic, based on which three main themes were extracted: (1) health-related expectations, (2) policy-related expectations, and (3) mass media-related expectations. In this study, a majority of the participants highlighted the need to consider and follow-up the patients and their families, provide financial and hygiene support during the pandemic, apply strict restrictions, and have close monitoring and controlling procedures. Furthermore, they mentioned that authorities and news agencies should observe honesty and transparency principals. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that people expect the government and other responsible institutions to minimize the burden of this pandemic on them through adopting effective policies. The study findings could help policy-makers become aware of people's expectations and develop better strategies.

scholarly journals Risco para doenças crônicas em graduandos de farmácia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Antonio Werbert Silva da Costa ◽  
Amanda Pereira de Azevedo ◽  
Keila Rodrigues de Albuquerque ◽  
Audinéia Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Fabiana Mendes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in academics in a course of pharmacy. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with 95 students. Submitted to the participants to answer a questionnaire, then stored the data in an electronic database and after submitted to descriptive analysis of the data, presenting with absolute values, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Results: it was found that most participants belonged to the eighth semester 56.9%, female 61.1%, 70.5% singles, with average age of 28 years old and average income of ± R$ 2,348,32. It was found that the majority sleeps less than 7 hours per night, 58.6%, and 56.5% did not practice physical activities. Realizes high consumption of soft drinks in students of the eighth semester at breakfast (OR=4.01; 95% CI 1.06 - 15.19) and the meal (OR=2.91; 95% CI 1.03 - 8.21). Conclusion: the presence of risk factors in this population, and there is no great difference between the academics in initial and final series, needing to strategies for promoting the health of the public. Descritores: Chronic Diseases; Risk factors; Young Adult; Habits; Lifestyle; Health Sciences Students.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis em acadêmicos de um curso de farmácia. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo realizado com 95 graduandos. Submeteu-se os participantes a responderem um questionário, em seguida, armazenaram-se os dados em um banco de dados eletrônico e após submeteu-se a análise descritiva dos dados, apresentando com valores absolutos, porcentagens, média e desvio padrão. Resultados: constatou-se que maior parte dos participantes pertenciam ao oitavo período 56,9%, do sexo feminino 61,1%, solteiros 70,5%, com faixa etária média de 28 anos e renda média de ± R$ 2.348,32. Verificou-se que a maioria dorme menos que 7 horas por noite, 58,6%, e 56,5% não praticam atividades físicas. Percebe-se alto consumo de refrigerantes em alunos do oitavo período no café da manhã (OR=4,01 IC95% 1,06 – 15,19) e no lanche (OR=2,91 IC95% 1,03 – 8,21). Conclusão: evidencia-se a presença dos fatores de risco nessa população e não existe extrema diferença entre os acadêmicos em séries iniciais e finais, necessitando-se de estratégias para promoção da saúde desse público. Descritores: Doenças Crônicas; Fatores de Risco; Adulto Jovem; Hábitos; Estilo de Vida; Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en académicos en un curso de farmacia. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, realizado con 95 estudiantes. Presentó a los participantes para responder a un cuestionario y, a continuación, almacena los datos en una base de datos electrónica y luego sometidos a un análisis descriptivo de los datos, presentando valores absolutos, porcentajes, media y desviación estándar. Resultados: se encontró que la mayoría de los participantes pertenecían al octavo semestre 56,9%, mujeres 61,1%, 70,5% solteros, con una edad media de 28 años y la renta media de ± R$ 2,348,32. Se encontró que la mayoría duerme menos de 7 horas por noche el 58,6%, y el 56,5% no practican actividades físicas. Se percata de alto consumo de refrescos en estudiantes del octavo período de desayuno (OR=4,01; IC del 95%: 1.06 - 15.19) y la comida (OR=2,91; IC 95% 1.03 - 8.21). Conclusión: la presencia de factores de riesgo en esta población, y no hay gran diferencia entre los académicos de la serie inicial y final, la necesidad de estrategias para promover la salud pública. Descritores: Enfermedades Crónicas; Factores de Riesgo; Adulto Joven; Hábitos; Estilo de Vida; Estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud.

scholarly journals Awareness about Eye Donation among Medical Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7405-7409
Author(s):  
Pooja B ◽  
Dheepak Sundar M
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Eye Donation

To assess the awareness about eye donation among undergraduate medical students. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 400 medical students studying in a tertiary medical college/hospital located in Tamil Nadu. The study tool used was a semi-structured google form questionnaire designed for assessing the awareness about eye donation among medical students. It was observed that the majority of the students (99.4%) of the students were aware of eye donation. Media has been the primary source for this awareness. The cornea is the part of the eye used for transplantation, and only 238(59.6%) knew about this The identity of the donor. The recipient will be kept confidential, and also the donors family will not be charged any money for the donation, but only 54% of the students were aware of this fact. Though the awareness was high, only 206(51.60%) were willing to pledge their eyes for donation. The study highlights the importance of educating medical students about eye donation as they play a significant role in helping the public in clarifying misconceptions and also increase the eye donation rates. The importance of consent over the telephone has also been emphasized in this study. Media can be used as a powerful tool in creating appropriate advertisements through television, newspapers, billboards and social media, which will be helpful.

scholarly journals Comparison of respiratory and skin disorders between residents living close to and far from Solous landfill site in Lagos State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Hakeem O. Abiola ◽  
Folahanmi C. Fakolade ◽  
Babatunde A. Akodu ◽  
Adebola A. Adejimi ◽  
Oluwagbemiga A. Oyeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Background: Solid waste dump sites have proven to have potentially high risk to human health as it serves as a source of air, soil and underground water pollution.Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, respiratory disorders and skin disorders between residents living close to and far from landfill sites in Lagos State, Nigeria.Setting: Igando (a community within 5 km close to) and Badagry (a community beyond 5 km from) Solous Landfill sites in Lagos state, Nigeria.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study amongst 103 respondents recruited from each of the two study sites by multistage sampling method was carried out. Data were collected using pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2007, EPI Info 7 and WinPepi statistical software packages. Student t-test, Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were carried out. The p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age of Igando and Badagry respondents was 34.18 ± 10.21 years and 32.62 ± 9.84 years, respectively. The two communities differed significantly (p 0.0001) with respect to distance of workplace from landfill site and duration of stay in the residential location. The mean knowledge score of respondents on respiratory and skin disorders associated with solid waste dump site close to landfill sites (82.53 ± 20.60) was statistically significantly higher than those of respondents far from landfill sites (71.84 ± 20.57) (p = 0.0003). Respiratory and skin disorders experiences of respondents close to landfill sites were statistically significantly (p 0.0001) higher than those of residents far from landfill sites with respect to wheezing, frequent sneezing, unpleasant odour, fever and skin rashes.Conclusion: Respiratory and skin disorders experienced by respondents close to landfill sites are higher than those of residents far from landfill sites. Landfill sites should not be located close to human settlements.

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