Nutrition of the Asian Adolescent Girl

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol I Waslien ◽  
Laurie K Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Lower Priority ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sex Differential Mortality

A comparison of sex differential mortality rates indicates that women are at increased risk in several countries of Asia, in part due to less access to a variety of services and lower priority for food than their male siblings. Poorer nutritional status becomes apparent during adolescence, with a delay in maturation which may have repercussions for subsequent ability of the biologically immature woman to carry through a normal pregnancy. There is a dearth of information on girls during this vulnerable period of life which is recently being corrected by studies in Nepal, India and the Philippines where the magnitude of dietary risk is being compared with its impact on nutritional status and the sociocultural factors that may be responsible.

Zinc Depletion Increases Readmission in Older Patients: An Example of Interactions Between Nutrition and Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Gariballa ◽  
Awad Alessa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Abstract. Background: ill health may lead to poor nutrition and poor nutrition to ill health, so identifying priorities for management still remains a challenge. The aim of this report is to present data on the impact of plasma zinc (Zn) depletion on important health outcomes after adjusting for other poor prognostic indicators in hospitalised patients. Methods: Hospitalised acutely ill older patients who were part of a large randomised controlled trial had their nutritional status assessed using anthropometric, hematological and biochemical data. Plasma Zn concentrations were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and at 6 months using inductively- coupled plasma spectroscopy method. Other clinical outcome measures of health were also measured. Results: A total of 345 patients assessed at baseline, 133 at 6 weeks and 163 at 6 months. At baseline 254 (74%) patients had a plasma Zn concentration below 10.71 μmol/L indicating biochemical depletion. The figures at 6 weeks and 6 months were 86 (65%) and 114 (70%) patients respectively. After adjusting for age, co-morbidity, nutritional status and tissue inflammation measured using CRP, only muscle mass and serum albumin showed significant and independent effects on plasma Zn concentrations. The risk of non-elective readmission in the 6-months follow up period was significantly lower in patients with normal Zn concentrations compared with those diagnosed with Zn depletion (adjusted hazard ratio 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.99), p = 0.047. Conclusions: Zn depletion is common and associated with increased risk of readmission in acutely-ill older patients, however, the influence of underlying comorbidity on these results can not excluded.

Pathological features of the sequence in pregnant women with delayed fetal growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
V.O. Golyanovskiy ◽  
◽  
Ye.O. Didyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal and long-term complications compared with the birth of children with normal body weight. Thus, IUGR is one of the main challenges for the global health system, especially in poor and developing countries. Morpho-functional studies of the placentas help in determining the causes of IUGR, and therefore, timely prevent complications in pregnant women with IUGR. The objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate various morphometric and pathomorphological changes in the placenta, including inflammatory, in cases of IUGR, and to establish a correlation of these results with the etiology and complications for the fetus. Materials and methods. In the current study, 54 placentas of the fetuses with IUGR (the main group) were compared with 50 placentas of the fetuses with normal development (control group). The criteria for the inclusion of IUGR were gestational age more than 30 weeks and all fetuses with a weight less than 10th percentile for this period of pregnancy. The placenta material was studied pathomorphologically with laboratory screening for infection and inflammation. Similarly, the results were determined for placentas of the fetuses with normal development compared to placentas with IUGR. Results. The placenta study showed the presence of calcification in the case of IUGR, as well as in the case of prolonged pregnancy. However, calcification of the placenta in the case of IUGR was more progressive compared with placenta in the normal pregnancy. In addition, the presence of intrauterine infection and inflammation was observed, which could also lead to an adverse outcome for the further progression of pregnancy with IUGR. Conclusion. A comparative macro- and microscopic pathomorphological study of the placentas in the two groups has shown a significant increase in the pathological changes in all the anatomical structures of the fetuses with IUGR. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal weight, pathomorphological changes of the placenta.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status Measurement Instruments for Diabetes: A Systematic Psychometric Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5719
Author(s):  
Pedro Montagut-Martínez ◽  
David Pérez-Cruzado ◽  
José Joaquín García-Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes is a serious chronic disease associated with a large number of complications and an increased risk of premature death. A dietary evaluation is of utmost importance for health promotion, disease prevention and individual treatment plans in patients with diabetes. Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in various databases—Medline, Web of Science, Open Gray Cochrane Library and Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN)—for systematic review of the measurement properties of instruments that evaluate the dietary intake of people with diabetes mellitus type 1 and/or 2 according to COSMIN standards. Results: Seven instruments were identified. There was no instrument measuring nutritional status for which all the psychometric properties were evaluated. The methodological quality for each of the psychometric properties evaluated was ‘inadequate’ or ‘doubtful’ for all instruments. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) evaluated the most psychometric characteristics and with a better score in terms of quality of the evidence. Conclusions: Several instruments have been developed for the evaluation of dietary intake in people with diabetes. Evaluation of this construct is very useful, both in clinical practice and in research, requiring new knowledge in this area. The FFQ is the best instrument available to assess dietary intake in people with diabetes.

Bilirubin adsorption for the treatment of severe hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882199784
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Chen ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Ming Bai ◽  
Shiren Sun ◽  
Xiangmei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bilirubin Adsorption ◽  
Severe Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Post Cardiac Surgery

Objective: Severe hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery increases in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Our present study aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of bilirubin adsorption (BA) in patients with post-cardiac-surgery severe hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: We retrospectively included patients who underwent BA due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery in our center between January 2015 and December 2018. The change of serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and 30-day and 1-year mortality were assessed as endpoints. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify the risk factors of patient 30-day mortality. Result: A total of 25 patients with 44 BA treatments were included. One BA treatment reduced total bilirubin (TB) concentration from 431.65 ± 136.34 to 324.83 ± 129.44 µmol/L ( p < 0.001), with a reduction rate of 24.8%. No clinically relevant thrombosis of the extracorporeal circuit occurred during the BA treatment. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 68% ( n = 18) and 84% ( n = 21), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that TB level before BA treatment (odds ratio [OR] 1.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000–1.019; p = 0.043) was an independent risk factor of 30-day mortality. Conclusions: BA treatment should be considered as an effective and safe method for the reduction of serum bilirubin in patients with post-cardiac-surgery severe hyperbilirubinemia. Patients with higher TB level before BA treatment had a relatively increased risk of 30-day mortality. Further studies are needed to evaluate the timing of BA for severe hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery.

scholarly journals Prediction of all-cause mortality with malnutrition assessed by controlling nutritional status score in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Huiyang Li ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Yikai Zhao ◽  
Huaichun Ni ◽  
Xinping Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Conut Score

Abstract Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between malnutrition assessed by the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Settings: A comprehensively literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed until 30 November 2020. Studies reporting the utility of CONUT score in prediction of all-cause mortality among patients with heart failure were eligible. Patients with a CONUT score ≥2 are grouped as malnourished. Predictive values of the CONUT score were summarized by pooling the multivariable-adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95 % CI for the malnourished v. normal nutritional status or per point CONUT score increase. Participants: Ten studies involving 5196 patients with heart failure. Results: Malnourished patients with heart failure conferred a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1·92; 95 % CI 1·58, 2·34) compared with the normal nutritional status. Subgroup analysis showed the malnourished patients with heart failure had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (RR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·46) and follow-up mortality (RR 2·01; 95 % CI 1·58, 2·57). Moreover, per point increase in CONUT score significantly increased 16% risk of all-cause mortality during the follow-up. Conclusions: Malnutrition defined by the CONUT score is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. Assessment of nutritional status using CONUT score would be helpful for improving risk stratification of heart failure.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Rearing Seawater

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Thanaporn Chuen-Im ◽  
Korapan Sawetsuwannakun ◽  
Pimmnapar Neesanant ◽  
Nakarin Kitkumthorn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk

Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is a serious health problem for both humans and animals. Infection of these bacteria may result in therapy failure, leading to high mortality rates. During an early intervention program process, the Sea Turtle Conservation Center of Thailand (STCCT) has faced high mortality rates due to bacterial infection. Previously, investigation of juvenile turtle carcasses found etiological agents in tissue lesions. Further determination of sea water in the turtle holding tanks revealed a prevalence of these causative agents in water samples, implying association of bacterial isolates in rearing water and infection in captive turtles. In this study, we examined the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in seawater from the turtle holding tank for a management plan of juvenile turtles with bacterial infection. The examination was carried out in three periods: 2015 to 2016, 2018, and 2019. The highest isolate numbers were resistant to beta-lactam, whilst low aminoglycoside resistance rates were observed. No gentamicin-resistant isolate was detected. Seventy-nine isolates (71.17%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Consideration of resistant bacterial and antibiotic numbers over three sampling periods indicated increased risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to sea turtle health. Essentially, this study emphasizes the importance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial assessment in rearing seawater for sea turtle husbandry.

scholarly journals Procedural and remote outcome among patients undergoing urgent trans-catheter aortic valve implantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Berkovitch ◽  
A Segev ◽  
A Finkelstein ◽  
R Kornowski ◽  
H Danenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Procedural Complication ◽  
Elective Procedure ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Valve Implantation

Abstract Background Severe aortic stenosis patients suffer frequent heart failure decompensations events often requiring hospitalization. In extreme situations patients can be found with pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock, unresponsive to medical treatment. Urgent trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a treatment option for these high-risk patients. Methods We investigated 3,599 patients undergoing TAVI. Subjects were divided into two groups based on procedure urgency: patients who were electively hospitalized for the procedure (N=3,448) and those who had an urgent TAVI (N=151). Peri-procedural complications were documented according to the VARC-2 criteria. In hospital and 1-year mortality rates were prospectively documented. Results Mean age of the study population was 82±7, of whom 52% were female. Peri-procedural complication rates was significantly higher among patients with an urgent indication for TAVI compared to those having an elective procedure: valve malposition 3.6% vs. 0.6% (p-value=0.023), valve migration 3.2% vs. 0.9% (p-value=0.016), post procedure myocardial infarction 3.7% vs. 0.3% (p-value=0.004), and stage 3 acute kidney injury 2.6% vs. 0.5%, (p-value=0.02). Univariate analysis found that patients with urgent indication for TAVI had significantly higher in hospital mortality (5.8% vs. 1.4%, p-value&lt;0.001). similarly, multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender and cardio-vascular risk factors found that patients with urgent indication had more than 5-folds increased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 5.94, 95% CI 2.28–15.43, p-value&lt;0.001). Kaplan-Meier's survival analysis showed that patients undergoing urgent TAVI had higher 1-year mortality rates compared to patients undergoing an elective TAVI procedure (p-value log-rank&lt;0.001, Figure). Multivariate analysis found they had more than 2-folds increased risk of mortality at 1-year (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.53–3.38, p&lt;0.001 compared to those having an elective procedure. Conclusions Patients with urgent indication for TAVI have higher in-hospital mortality and higher peri-procedural complication rates. However, if these patients survive the index hospitalization, they enjoy good prognosis. Kaplan-Meier's survival analysis Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals The role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in preeclampsia: genetic polymorphisms and microRNA

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. R53-R66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Jianyu Shang ◽  
Suli Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Huirong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Increased Risk

The compensatory alterations in the rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) contribute to the salt–water balance and sufficient placental perfusion for the subsequent well-being of the mother and fetus during normal pregnancy and is characterized by an increase in almost all the components of RAAS. Preeclampsia, however, breaks homeostasis and leads to a disturbance of this delicate equilibrium in RAAS both for circulation and the uteroplacental unit. Despite being a major cause for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, the pathogenesis of preeclampsia remains elusive, where RAAS has been long considered to be involved. Epidemiological studies have indicated that preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease with a strong familial predisposition regardless of variations in ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic features. The heritable allelic variations, especially the genetic polymorphisms in RAAS, could be the foundation for the genetics of preeclampsia and hence are related to the development of preeclampsia. Furthermore, at a posttranscriptional level, miRNA can interact with the targeted site within the 3′-UTR of the RAAS gene and thereby might participate in the regulation of RAAS and the pathology of preeclampsia. In this review, we discuss the recent achievements of genetic polymorphisms, as well as the interactions between maternal and fetal genotypes, and miRNA posttranscriptional regulation associated with RAAS in preeclampsia. The results are controversial but utterly inspiring and attractive in terms of potential prognostic significance. Although many studies suggest positive associations with genetic mutations and increased risk for preeclampsia, more meticulously designed large-scale investigations are needed to avoid the interference from different variations.

Long-term mortality rates and associated risk factors following primary and revision knee arthroplasty

2022 ◽  
Vol 104-B (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Liam Zen Yapp ◽  
Nick D. Clement ◽  
Matthew Moran ◽  
Jon V. Clarke ◽  
A. Hamish R. W. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Revision Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the long-term mortality rate, and to identify factors associated with this, following primary and revision knee arthroplasty (KA). Methods Data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project (1998 to 2019) were retrospectively analyzed. Patient mortality data were linked from the National Records of Scotland. Analyses were performed separately for the primary and revised KA cohorts. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for the population at risk. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards were used to identify predictors and estimate relative mortality risks. Results At a median 7.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 to 11.6) follow-up, 27.8% of primary (n = 27,474/98,778) and 31.3% of revision (n = 2,611/8,343) KA patients had died. Both primary and revision cohorts had lower mortality rates than the general population (SMR 0.74 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.74); p < 0.001; SMR 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.86); p < 0.001, respectively), which persisted for 12 and eighteight years after surgery, respectively. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality after primary KA included male sex (hazard ratio (HR) 1.40 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.45)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.50)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.68 to 1.90)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.59 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.68)), and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requiring revision (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.36)) when adjusting for age. Similarly, male sex (HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.49)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.52)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.37)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.01)), and revision for PJI (HR 1.35 (95% 1.18 to 1.55)) were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality following revision KA when adjusting for age. Conclusion The SMR of patients undergoing primary and revision KA was lower than that of the general population and remained so for several years post-surgery. However, approximately one in four patients undergoing primary and one in three patients undergoing revision KA died within tenten years of surgery. Several patient and surgical factors, including PJI, were associated with the risk of mortality within ten years of primary and revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):45–52.

The Correlation of Parents Height Characteristics and Maternal Nutritional Status During Pregnancy Based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) and Stunting Incidence of Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in the Working Area of Berbek Community Health Center Nganjuk Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-012
Author(s):  
Wahyu Nuraisya ◽  
Wahyu Erdi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
Almost All

Stunting in Indonesia was the fifth ranks in the world, influenced by many factors, some of which are the height of the parents and the nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy. The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation of parent height characteristics and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) with stunting incidence in toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of the Berbek Public Health Center Nganjuk Regency. The research design used correlation analytic research design with observational method with case control approach. The independent variables consisted of parental height characteristics and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy based on UAC, and the dependent variable was stunting incidence. The population was 2266 respondents of under-five children aged 24-59 months. The sampling technique used quota sampling consisted 96 respondents. The instrument used height measurement tool, the Mother's Child Health book and the Public Health Center Weigh Activity Report, 2011. This research was conducted from 22 July to 22 August 2019 in three selected villages namely Sumberurip, Sumberwindu and Semare villages. Data analysis used chi-square test α (0.05). The results showed that almost all mothers and fathers had normal height characteristics, almost all respondents had the nutritional status of the mother during normal pregnancy. Analysis of height, circumference of the mother, and nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) was obtained ρ value = 0.036; 0,000 and 0,000 <α 0,05. It meant that there was a correlation between parental height characteristics and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in the Berbek Public Health Center Nganjuk Regency Parental height and nutritional status of the mother during normal pregnancy, it will have the opportunity to have a child with good growth.

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