scholarly journals Corporate Investigations: Beyond Notions of Public–Private Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Meerts
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Historical Origin

Based on qualitative research primarily carried out in the Netherlands, this article describes corporate investigations within the private sector in terms of investigators’ operational autonomy, which, in only a minority of cases, involves contact or cooperation with governmental law enforcement agencies. It is argued that, given this de facto public–private separation, theoretical concepts within the literature that take the nation-state as the imagined historical origin and/or continuing partner of corporate security—concepts such as privatization, responsibilization, or multilateralization—fail to capture the autonomy of corporate investigations. Furthermore, such concepts are politically distracting and potentially dangerous for public policy, since they imply that corporate security is effectively surveilled and supervised by the state within a framework of public–private cooperation. Nothing could be further from the truth; indeed the limited liaisons that do occur are initiated by the private sector.

scholarly journals CYBERCRIME COMPARISON UNDER CRIMINAL LAW IN SOME COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Andri Winjaya Laksana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Cross Country

Cybercrime has been become a major portion for law enforcement agencies and intelligence services to both national and international matter, development of information and technology’s crime resulted in every country have a different policy of criminalization. The emphasis on cross-country has made a crime on the internet is not just a national issue, but has become an International problem. therefore it is important to have uniformity in the prevention of cybercrime that this crime can be solved. Based on the comparison of cybercrime that included the rules from various countries including the United States, Singapore, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Myanmar as a reference in the application of criminal law enforcement regulations regarding cybercrime seal the document.

scholarly journals Sinergy of Law Enforcement Agencies in Handling Illegal Fishing Cases in Aceh Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246
Author(s):  
Ade Irma Suryani Nasution ◽  
Annisa Mutia Pranita ◽  
Desty Bulandari ◽  
Lutvia Resta Setyawati ◽  
Panji Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Protection And Utilization

Illegal fishing cases often occur in waters at the edge of Indonesia. This article is focused on examining and analyzing the synergy between the authorized institutions in the process of monitoring and handling illegal fishing cases that occur in the waters of Aceh province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research design. The four authorized institutions coordinate the performance of each other to help each other's role to reduce illegal fishing violations in Aceh Province. LANAL Sabang helped mobilize forces to carry out law enforcement at sea from the threat of violations as well as to safeguard marine resources. PSDKP Lampulo is the foundation for supervising marine and fishery resources in Aceh Province. Panglima Laot has more authority in regulating laot customary law and fishing communities in general. DKP Aceh is the axis of the service and movement for the protection and utilization of marine resources in Aceh Province.

scholarly journals 'A Spy in your Pocket'? The Regulation of Mobile Data in the UK.

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Green ◽  
Sean Smith
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
The Uk

The growth of mobile digital communication devices has seen a corresponding growth in the data created by users in the course of their mobile communications. The ease with which such data - including sensitive time-dependent location information - can be collected and stored raises clear data protection and concerns. The value such data offers to both law enforcement agencies and the private sector has complicated regulatory responses to such data protection concerns. This has lead to the contradictory situation in which mobile data is used by the law enforcement agencies and the private sector to identify individual users, yet this same information is not considered to be 'personal data'.

Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in Canada

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Bailey ◽  
Sara Shayan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Search And Seizure ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
Privacy Act ◽  
Canadian Law ◽  
Sector Data

This chapter focuses on Canadian law as it applies to government access to private-sector data. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms implicitly provides constitutional protection of privacy by prohibiting unreasonable search and seizure by the state (s. 8) and by limiting government intrusion on life, liberty and security of the person (s. 7). With some exceptions, the Charter requires law enforcement agencies to seek prior authorization before accessing personal information. However, Canada’s national security intelligence agencies are subject to more relaxed standards. The Privacy Act regulates federal government institutions’ relationship with personal information, whereas the private sector is regulated by the Personal Information and Protection of Electronic Documents Act. However, numerous exceptions in both statutes allow for (and in some cases encourage), information sharing between private-sector and state entities.

scholarly journals The Legal Policy of the Kyrgyz Republic on the Digitalization of Law Enforcement Agencies, Local Government Bodies at the Present Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
A. Beishembek kyzy ◽  
M. Abzhaparov
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies

The article discusses government policy in the field of digital transformation of the country. The concept of public policy and digitalization is considered. It is noted that a properly constructed legal and state policy is the key to achieving success in the intended goal in the development of the country. An attempt is made to highlight the positive aspects of both competent public policy and the development of the state at the rate of using innovative technologies. The author tried to highlight the positive impact of the transition to digital technologies on the quality of human life and government activities in the future. Several examples of the implementation of automated information systems are given.

scholarly journals Taghayyur as a Theoretical Basis of Muslim and Non-Muslim Relations at the Nahdlatul Ulama's Bahthul Masa'il

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rofiqul A’la ◽  
Rosihon Anwar ◽  
Nurwadjah Ahmad ◽  
Dody S. Truna
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Nation State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Written Materials ◽  
State Context

Abstract: This study discusses the history of fatwas on Muslim-Non-Muslim relations issued by the Bahthul Masa'il Institute (LBM) of Nahdlatul Ulama from 1926 to 2019. This research is a type of qualitative research focused on studying LBM written materials. The perspective used is the Study of Religion with a theoretical analysis from Joachim Wach regarding the forms of expression of religious experience, especially in the sociological form. This study finds that, historically, NU issued fatwas by considering such sociological aspects that taghayyur (law change) method is used in law enforcement. By adhering to this principle, NU has formulated fatwas to maintain Muslim-non-Muslim relations under the umbrella of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In this regard, NU argues that non-Muslims in Indonesia cannot be categorized in terms of the infidel in the nation-state because non-Muslim citizens in the nation-state context are not second-class citizens as contained in the concept of infidel with various types. The implication is the increasing quality of inter-religious relations that are increasingly harmonious in a plural society.الملخص :تناقش هذه الدراسة تاريخ الفتاوى حول العلاقات بين المسلمين وغير المسلمين الصادرة عن معهد بهتول المسائل (LBM)  لتابع لنهضة العلماء من عام  1926 إلى عام  2019. هذا البحث هو نوع من البحث النوعي الذي يركز على دراسة المواد المكتوبة من قبل  LBM. المنظور المستخدم هو دراسة الدين مع تحليل نظري من Joachim Wachفيما يتعلق بأشكال التعبير عن التجربة الدينية ، وخاصة في الشكل الاجتماعي. توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى أنه تاريخياً ، أصدرت جامعة النيل فتاوى من خلال النظر في الجوانب الاجتماعية ، وبالتالي استخدام طريقة التغايور )تغيير القانون  (في إنفاذ القانون. بالالتزام بهذا المبدأ ، قامت NU بصياغة فتاوى للحفاظ على العلاقات بين المسلمين وغير المسلمين تحت مظلة الدولة الموحدة لجمهورية إندونيسيا. في هذا الصدد ، يجادل NU بأنه لا يمكن تصنيف غير المسلمين في إندونيسيا من حيث الكفار في الدولة القومية لأن المواطنين غير المسلمين في سياق الدولة القومية ليسوا مواطنين من الدرجة الثانية كما هو وارد في مفهوم الكفر. بأنواع مختلفة. المعنى الضمني هو الجودة المتزايدة للعلاقات بين الأديان التي تزداد انسجامًا في مجتمع تعددي.Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas riwayat fatwa hubungan Muslim-Non-Muslim yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga Bahthul Masa'il (LBM) Nahdlatul Ulama dari tahun 1926 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang difokuskan untuk mengkaji bahan tertulis LBM. Perspektif yang digunakan adalah kajian agama dengan analisis teori dari Joachim Wach mengenai bentuk-bentuk ekspresi pengalaman beragama, terutama dalam bentuk sosiologis. Studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam sejarahnya, NU mengeluarkan fatwa dengan mempertimbangkan aspek sosiologis, sehingga memakai metode taghayyur (perubahan hukum) dalam penegakan hukum. Dengan berpegang pada prinsip ini, NU telah merumuskan fatwa-fatwa untuk menjaga hubungan Muslim-non-Muslim di bawah payung Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Dalam kaitan ini, NU berpendapat bahwa non-Muslim di Indonesia tidak dapat dikategorikan dalam istilah kafir dalam negara-bangsa karena warga negara non-Muslim dalam konteks negara-bangsa bukanlah warga kelas dua sebagaimana termuat dalam konsep kafir dengan berbagai jenisnya. Implikasinya adalah meningkatnya kualitas hubungan antar umat beragama yang semakin harmonis di masyarakat plural.

scholarly journals The Importance of Forensic Protocols with the Role of Forensic Experts and Sindh Police at Crime Scene: A Case of Sindh

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 504-515
Author(s):  
Danish Bashir Mangi ◽  
Raana Khan ◽  
Shabana Kausar Jatoi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Trained Personnel

The study was conducted specifically to examine the role of forensic experts and Sindh police in investigating various crimes in the Karachi and Hyderabad areas. Forensic science can use technical expertise to detect, identify and prosecute criminals. In Pakistan, the application and understanding of forensic science in law enforcement agencies is increasing. This research has been analyzed with the help of qualitative research methodology. When forensic experts were asked if forensic evidence in court is a comprehensive defense, it was found that about 93.3% has agreed on it, while 6.7% denied it. When police participants were asked if modern forensic techniques could give immediate results in any case, 58.8% agreed, while 41.2% refused. This signifies that 58.8% of police respondents have less forensic knowledge and acquaintance. The biggest obstacles are lack of funds and lack of trained personnel, equipment and laboratories. The future of forensic science in Sindh will depend on overcoming the barriers and strengthening capacity building and improvement.

scholarly journals Administrative and legal means of preventing interference (pressure) in the legitim work of law-enforcement authorities at the institutional level

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Terekhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Unlawful Interference ◽  
Modern Vision

A modern vision of the concept of preventing and counteracting interference (pressure) in the legitim work of law-enforcement authorities as a complex task of public policy, the implementation of which requires the use of a number of administrative, legal, organizational, informational tools are offered in the article. Nationwide factors that have become prerequisites for increasing the relevance of the topic at the legislative and doctrinal levels are identified. They are the following: 1) the natural development of the domestic legal system, strengthening the integration of the European legal tradition; 2) the increase in unjustified pressure on law enforcement agencies in connection with their systemic activities. Interference in the work of law-enforcement authorities can be legal, illegal, quasi-legal. The forms of influence expression are: active one (for example, media attacks) or passive form (non-appointment of the head). The influence expression is classified according to the following gradation: interference, obstruction (blocking), inclination to make decisions, threats, etc. Studying of forms of influence is necessary for forming an adequate policy to respond to them. The article emphasizes that in addition to lawful and unlawful interference, there is another act that does not contain the elements of an offense, instead, covering the abuse of a certain right, creates obstacles to the effective performance of law enforcement functions. The author notes that the introduction of modern psychological forms of law-enforcement officers’ protection helps to increase their professional suitability, ability to withstand threats and challenges. Key words: law-enforcement authorities, obstruction, interference, unlawful influence, independence of law-enforcement institution, criticism.

scholarly journals Playing Pac-Man in Portville: Policing the dilution and fragmentation of drug importations through major seaports

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082091346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sergi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Police Forces

This article presents findings from a qualitative research project into organized crime, policing and security across five major seaports (‘Portvilles’): Genoa (Italy); Melbourne (Australia); Montreal (Canada); New York (USA); and Liverpool (UK). Through content analysis of confidential judicial files, the article will construct the offenders’ scenarios and options for importing drugs in Portville. Through also interviews with law enforcement agencies, police forces and security staff in these seaports, the article presents the policing and security struggles to disrupt importations. The main finding is that importation roles and security techniques change constantly and quickly, as in a game of Pac-Man. Security and policing in seaports lead to the dilution and fragmentation of drug importation, and only distribution tends to remain organized in Portville. In this chaotic environment, it is the rules of trade that affect the success of drug importations the most, rather than the failures of effective security and policing.

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