scholarly journals Regulation of Mandibular Growth and Morphogenesis

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Mina
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Signaling Network ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Face ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Upper Jaw

The development of the vertebrate face is a dynamic process that starts with the formation of facial processes/prominences. Facial processes are small buds made up of mesenchymal masses enclosed by an epithelial layer that surround the primitive mouth. The 2 maxillary processes, the 2 lateral nasal processes, and the frontonasal processes form the upper jaw. The lower jaw is formed by the 2 mandibular processes. Although the question of the embryonic origin of facial structures has received considerable attention, the mechanisms that control differential growth of the facial processes and patterning of skeletal tissues within these structures have been difficult to study and still are not well-understood. This has been partially due to the lack of readily identifiable morphologically discrete regions in the developing face that regulate patterning of the face. Nonetheless, in recent years there has been significant progress in the understanding of the signaling network controlling the patterning and development of the face (for review, see Richman et al., 1991; Francis-West et al., 1998). This review focuses on current understanding of the processes and signaling molecules that are involved in the formation of the mandibular arch.

scholarly journals Constitutional Features of the Maxillofacial Area of Omsk Young Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
I. N. Putalova ◽  
D. A. Devyatirikov ◽  
A. P. Suslo ◽  
A. A. Slavnov ◽  
A. E. Korepova
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Frankfurt Horizontal

The aim was to determine the morphometric parameters of the maxillofacial area of Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age according to the teleroentgenography of the head (in a lateral projection), taking into account the indicators of cephalometry and anthropometry, to identify regional constitutional features of quantitative values.Material and methods. A cephalometric and somatometric examination of 26 Omsk Slavic young men of 18-20 years of age without concomitant pathology was performed, supplemented by an X-ray examination of the head (to obtain teleroentgenograms in a lateral projection). The analysis of teleroentgenograms was carried out in the online service Mave Cloud.Results. According to the results of anthropometry, the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the young men's heads, the zygomatic diameter and the full height of the face were assessed; the indicators of body growth, body weight, chest circumference and transverse chest diameter were determined. These indicators were used to calculate the indices. The value of the facial index was 81.86 (79.31; 88.88), the value of the head index was 76.65 (74.27; 79.47), the Rees-Eisenck index corresponded to 97.58 (94.62; 107.48), the Rohrer index was 13.34 (12.07; 15.48), the Pinier index was 11.1 (-10; 22), the Quetelet II index was 23.33 (22.03; 27.71). When analyzing teleroentgenograms, it was revealed that the values of some parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age differ from the values of the «norm». Thus, the indicators of the lower jaw length (Go-Gn), the ratio of the body of the lower jaw length to the length of the anterior base of the skull (Go-Me/S-N), the length of the posterior base of the skull (S-Ar), the height of the branch of the lower jaw (Ar-Go), the ratio of the heights of the face (S-Go/N-Me), the angle between the axis of the lower incisor and the plane of the lower jaw (IM IMPA) have greater values than the «norm»; and the figures of the angles sum according to Bjork (∠SUM Bjork), mandibular angle (∠Ar-Go-Me), maxillary angle (∠N-Go-Ar), upper jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-NL), lower jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-ML), intermaxillary angle (∠NL-ML), the angle between the lower jaw plane and the Frankfurt horizontal (∠FMA), have values less than the «norm». The values of the saddle angle (∠N-S-Ar) differed in young men with euryprosopic and leptoprosopic facial forms. The quantitative values of the lower jaw angle (ArGo-Me) and the upper jaw angle (N-Go-Ar) differed only in the representatives of the dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head.Conclusion. Quantitative values of cephalometric and somatometric parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age have distinctive features. Individual parameters of the maxillofacial area (according to teleroentgenograms) differ in persons with dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head and in the representatives of euryprosopic and leptoprosopic forms of the face.

scholarly journals Research on the clinical aspect of Angle Class II/1 malocclusions (accompanied by the bad habit of sucking the thumb)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
Ionela Teodora Dascălu ◽  
◽  
Evantia Coleş ◽  
Marina Olimpia Amărăscu ◽  
Tiberiu Ţîrcă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Clinical Aspect ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Angle Class Ii ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw

Sucking the thumb is considered an inborn reflex. However, after the age of four (in case of emotional instability and anxiety) this reflex becomes a bad habit. This vicious habit is one of the most important etiological factors which determine the Angle Class II/1 malocclusion. The research relied on the analysis of the photos of schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 who admitted the persistence of this bad habit and also had Angle Class II/1 malocclusions. We analysed the photos of the face and of the exobuccal and endobuccal profiles. We have chosen two cases from the researched group to highlight the clinical aspects of Angle Class II/1 malocclusions. The patients maintained the bad habit of sucking the thumb which, accompanied by other etiological factors, led to a skeletal disequilibrium. Thus, many modifications may appear such as: upper jaw prognathism and lower jaw retrognathism with a sagittal inocclusion as well as changes of the physiognomy specific to Angle Class II/1 malocclusions. In the case of Angle Class II/1 malocclusions, the coexistence of hereditary and functional pathologic factors generally leads to skeletal and neuro-muscular modifications with aesthetic repercussions.

A new Lepisosteidae (Actinopterygii, Ginglymodi) from the Cretaceous of the Kem Kem Beds, southern Morocco

2001 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Cavin ◽  
Paulo M. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Horizontal Branch ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Face ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Santana Formation

Abstract Lepisosteids or gars constitute a very special neopterygian group, with seven living species in two genera: Lepisosteus and Atractosteus. They live in freshwaters from the eastern part of North America and Central America. A new lepisosteid, Oniichthys falipoui gen. nov., sp. nov., is described on the basis of two well preserved specimens. Although the type locality is unknown, information provided by the fossil collector, the type of preservation of the specimen, and the nature of the attached matrix indicate, with confidence, that it comes from the Kem Kem beds of southern Morocco (fig. 1). The Kem Kem beds are rich fossiliferous horizons, exposed along the face of an escarpment extending from the north of Erfoud town to the Kem Kem area. The age of these outcrops is still debatable being considered as ?Albian in age [Forey and Grande, 1998] or regarded as Cenomanian, due to their elasmobranch assemblage [Sereno et al., 1996]. Oniichthys falipoui shows several derived characters of gars such as an elongated ethmoid region, an upper jaw formed by a chain of tooth-bearing bones, a joint between the quadrate and the lower jaw lying far forward, in front of the orbit and a large splint-like quadratojugal overlying the horizontal branch of the preopercle. O. falipoui shares with the primitive gar, Obaichthys decoratus, from the ?Albian Santana Formation of Brazil, the presence of toothed maxillaries, although in the Moroccan taxon, the maxillaries are anteriorly fused with infraorbitals. This structure confirms that, at least, some of the "infraorbital chain" bones bear maxillary teeth, fused to them during ontogeny. Discussion of characters leads to regard O. falipoui as more derived than Obaichthys, and to place it as the sister-group of Lepisosteus-Atractosteus.

scholarly journals DEVIATIONSIN THE POSITION OFTHETHIRD MOLARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Nataliia Pankratova ◽  
Mikhail Postnikov ◽  
Aziza Khasbolatova ◽  
Tatiana Repina ◽  
Anastasiia Rodionova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Optimal Shape ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
And Function

Timely teething is one of the most important indicators of the harmonious development of the dentoalveolar system, which is determined by the correct (physiological) position of the teeth in the dentition, ensuring the optimal shape and function of the temporomandibular joint, the work of the chewing muscles, the height of the lower part of the face, and aesthetics of a smile. Retention of individual teeth is often the reason for the formation of anomalies in the dentition, their closure, functional and aesthetic disorders. An urgent problem in modern dentistry is the problem associated with the development of third molars. According to the results of the analysis of 3000 orthopantomograms of the jaws of patients 7–25 years old with dentoalveolar anomalies, the spatial arrangement of the primordial of the third molars relative to the buttresses of the upper and lower jaws was studied. It was found that the buttresses on the upper jaw are vertical and do not interfere with the correct eruption of the third molars. The buttresses located near the primordial of the third molars on the lower jaw contribute to the retention of the third molars due to the change in inclination during the formation stage.

scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics Of Rheological Properties Of Blood In Combined Face Injuries Before And After Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyar Karshievich Narmurotov ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Abdujalilovich Boymuradov ◽  
Jamolbek Abdukakhkhorovich Djuraev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw

Fractures are one of the most common components in multiple and associated injuries. Fractures of the lower jaw are observed in 76%, of the upper jaw in 24%, a fracture of the zygomatic-orbital complex in 12%. The actual problem of modern traumatology is the violation of reparative osteogenesis with injuries combined with facial trauma. The duration of the consolidation of fractures is determined by the degree of microcirculation disorders in the fracture zone, changes in cellular and coagulation hemostasis and mineral metabolism. In this connection, increasing the effectiveness of treatment of fractures of the bones of the face on the basis of early diagnosis of vascular and hemostasiological changes is of great importance for practical health care.

Cephalometric features of connective tissue dysplasia manifestation in children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Davydov ◽  
D. A. Domenyuk ◽  
S. V. Dmitrienko ◽  
T. A. Kondratyeva ◽  
Yu. S. Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Brain Parts

Relevance. The high prevalence of dysplastic disorders involving connective tissue, and its negative effecton the development of dentoalveolar anomalies, carious and non-carious lesions of the teeth, periodontopathy, temporomandibular joint issues in the child population, lay the basis for improving diagnostics algorithms. Enhancing the already available standards is of greatest importance for children at the initial stages of diagnostics when evaluating the external signs of dysplastic disorders.Purpose – improving diagnostics algorithms for connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in children in primary dental care facilities based on the evaluation of external phenotype signs and maxillofacial morphological features.Materials and methods. Depending on the external phenotype manifestations severity, as well as on laboratory, clinical and instrumental signs, the 92 children with CTD were divided into groups with mild, moderate and severe degrees of undifferentiated dysplasia. Gnathometric and biometric examinations of the maxillofacial area were performed through traditional methods, whereas the diagnosis was set following the generally accepted classifications. The diagnosis confirmation implied evaluation through cone beam computed imaging.Results. The nature and the intensity of morphofunctional disorders in the craniofacial structures (“small” stigmas) depend on the severity of connective tissue dysplastic disorders.Conclusions. The change direction vector in the facial and brain parts of cranium in children with CTD is aimed at increasing hypoplastic tendencies and dolichocephalia, proof to that being the following constitutional and morphological features: the prevalence of the vertical type of face skeleton growth over the horizontal and neutral ones; a convex face profile with a disproportionate general heights of the face skeleton; reduction of latitudinal with an increase in altitude facial parameters; a narrow short branch of the lower jaw; the upper jaw displaced downwards and forward; a decrease in the size of the apical basis of the lower dentition, the lower jaw body, as well as the height and width of the lower jaw branches. 

scholarly journals Morphometric regularities of the depth indices of dental arches in the mesocrane skull type

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
E. Y. Efmova
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Point Of Intersection

Objective: to reveal the morphometric regularities of the depth indices of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws of the mesocrane skull type.Material and methods: the morphometric parameters of the depth of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws were investigated. Te work was performed on 144 preparations of mesocrane skull type of people of both sexes of mature age with physiological occlusion of teeth. Te depth of the dental arch was measured from the point located at the center of the cutting edge of the medial incisor to the point of intersection with the line connecting the distal surfaces of the tooth crowns at the level of the canines, frst premolars, second premolars, frst molars, and second molars.Results: the range of confdence limits of the depth of the dental arches of the upper jaw in men at the level of canines and premolars surpassed those of women. Te range of confdence limits of the depth of the dental arches of the lower jaw in men and women at all levels of measurement was similar.Conclusions: the indices of the confdence limits of the depth of the vestibular and palatal dental arches of the upper and lower jaws are revealed. Te new data obtained as a result of the research, supplement and expand the information on the studied parameters, both in theoretical and clinical aspects.

scholarly journals Anthropological reconstruction of the physical appearance of the «king» and «queen» from the early Scythian burial and memorial complex of Arzhan-2

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
E.V. Veselovskaya ◽  
R.M. Galeev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Broad Face ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Face ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Tyva Republic

Arzhan-2, the archaeological site of world significance, a national treasure of peoples of Tuva and Russia, located in the «Valley of Kings» (Piy-Khemsk District, Tyva Republic), was investigated in 2001–2004 by the Central Asian Archaeological Expedition of the State Hermitage Museum headed by K.V. Chugunov. The sites has been dated to the 7th c. BC and attributed to the Scythian-Siberian cultural community. When exploring the «royal» burial of the early Scythian site of Arzhan-2, the scientists faced the questions of the origin of the buried, periodization and chronology of the monument, its archaeological-cultural attribution, the autochthonous nature of the population that left it, and its relationship with other Eurasian early nomadic cultures. The present study is addressing the most important issue of the appearance of the buried people and characteristics of their anthropological type. The material for the study was comprised of male and female skulls from burial 5 of Arzhan-2 mound. The article describes in detail the process of reconstruction of the physical appearance of the deceased and provides examples of calculating ante mortem parameters based on craniometric measurements. The complex stages of preliminary work related to the restoration of skulls and manufacturing of their exact copies are highlighted. The results of the physical appearance reconstruction are presented in the form of visual museum objects — sculptural portraits. The scientific reconstruction of the ante mortem appearance on skulls of the «king» and «queen» was carried out in the Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences by anthropologists Drs E.V. Veselovskaya and R.M. Galeev. In anthropological terms, the buried show a peculiar mosaic of Caucasoid and Mongoloid features. They are characterized by brachycephaly and dome-shaped head, with notably developed rugosity of the supercilium in the man and its absence in the woman. For the man, an average width of the face and a narrow forehead of medium height are noted. The woman has broad face and forehead, the height of the forehead is average. Both portraits are characterized by prominent position of eyeballs and large eyes. Man’s nose is short, prominent, with convex dorsum. Woman’s nose has a wavy dorsum, and is slightly prominent. On the male portrait, the cheekbones are moderate, on the female one — high and prominent. Faces of the «royal» persons are flattened in the upper part, with a certain degree of alveolar prognathism. The lower jaw of the man is medium in size, narrow in the corners. For the woman, some gracility of the lower jaw can be noted.

scholarly journals Studi Karakteristik Morfometrik Ikan Julung-Julung (Hemiramphus Archipelagicus) Di Daerah Intertidal Teluk Ekas

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gde Suryawan, Mahrus Dan Karnan
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Morphological Characteristic ◽  
Morphometric Characteristic ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Beach Seine ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Swept Area

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfometrik dan meristik ikan julung-julung di Teluk Ekas, Lombok Timur. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 165 ikan yang di tangkap pada daerah intertidal dengan metode swept area menggunakan pukat pantai (beach seine) di tiga stasiun. Karakteristik morfologi yang terlihat dengan jelas pada ikan julung-julung ini yaitu memiliki rahang bawah dengan warna merah pada ujungnya dan memiliki ukuran yang jauh lebih panjang jika dibandingkan dengan rahang atasnya. Hasil pengukuran karakteristik morfometrik menunjukkan bahwa ikan julung-julung yang terdapat pada daerah intertidal perairan Teluk Ekas merupakan ikan muda (juvenile) dengan frekuensi panjang total (PT) tertinggi terdapat pada ukuran 13,1-15 cm. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan julung-julung di daerah intertidal Teluk Ekas memiliki karakteristik morfometrik yang hampir sama dengan ikan julung-julung pada umumnya. Kata-kata kunci: Ikan Julung-Julung, Karakteristik, Meristik, Morfometrik   ABSTRACT This research intended to know the morphometric and meristic characteristic of jumping halfbeak at Ekas Bay, East Lombok. The sample of this research consisted of 165 fishes which caught at intertidal zone using swept area method with beach seine in three stations. The morphological characteristic which can be seen clearly on jumping halfbeak has lower jaw with red tip and longer than its upper jaw. The results of measurement of morphometric characteristic proved that jumping halfbeak at intertidal zone of Ekas Bay were young fish (juvenile) total length highest frequency on range of 13,1-15 cm. The conclusion of this research is jumping halfbeak at the intertidal zone of Ekas Bay has the similar characteristic morphometric to the general one. Keywords: Characteristic, Jumping halfbeak, Meristic, Morphometric

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