A new Lepisosteidae (Actinopterygii, Ginglymodi) from the Cretaceous of the Kem Kem Beds, southern Morocco

2001 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Cavin ◽  
Paulo M. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Horizontal Branch ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Face ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Santana Formation

Abstract Lepisosteids or gars constitute a very special neopterygian group, with seven living species in two genera: Lepisosteus and Atractosteus. They live in freshwaters from the eastern part of North America and Central America. A new lepisosteid, Oniichthys falipoui gen. nov., sp. nov., is described on the basis of two well preserved specimens. Although the type locality is unknown, information provided by the fossil collector, the type of preservation of the specimen, and the nature of the attached matrix indicate, with confidence, that it comes from the Kem Kem beds of southern Morocco (fig. 1). The Kem Kem beds are rich fossiliferous horizons, exposed along the face of an escarpment extending from the north of Erfoud town to the Kem Kem area. The age of these outcrops is still debatable being considered as ?Albian in age [Forey and Grande, 1998] or regarded as Cenomanian, due to their elasmobranch assemblage [Sereno et al., 1996]. Oniichthys falipoui shows several derived characters of gars such as an elongated ethmoid region, an upper jaw formed by a chain of tooth-bearing bones, a joint between the quadrate and the lower jaw lying far forward, in front of the orbit and a large splint-like quadratojugal overlying the horizontal branch of the preopercle. O. falipoui shares with the primitive gar, Obaichthys decoratus, from the ?Albian Santana Formation of Brazil, the presence of toothed maxillaries, although in the Moroccan taxon, the maxillaries are anteriorly fused with infraorbitals. This structure confirms that, at least, some of the "infraorbital chain" bones bear maxillary teeth, fused to them during ontogeny. Discussion of characters leads to regard O. falipoui as more derived than Obaichthys, and to place it as the sister-group of Lepisosteus-Atractosteus.

scholarly journals Constitutional Features of the Maxillofacial Area of Omsk Young Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
I. N. Putalova ◽  
D. A. Devyatirikov ◽  
A. P. Suslo ◽  
A. A. Slavnov ◽  
A. E. Korepova
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Frankfurt Horizontal

The aim was to determine the morphometric parameters of the maxillofacial area of Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age according to the teleroentgenography of the head (in a lateral projection), taking into account the indicators of cephalometry and anthropometry, to identify regional constitutional features of quantitative values.Material and methods. A cephalometric and somatometric examination of 26 Omsk Slavic young men of 18-20 years of age without concomitant pathology was performed, supplemented by an X-ray examination of the head (to obtain teleroentgenograms in a lateral projection). The analysis of teleroentgenograms was carried out in the online service Mave Cloud.Results. According to the results of anthropometry, the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the young men's heads, the zygomatic diameter and the full height of the face were assessed; the indicators of body growth, body weight, chest circumference and transverse chest diameter were determined. These indicators were used to calculate the indices. The value of the facial index was 81.86 (79.31; 88.88), the value of the head index was 76.65 (74.27; 79.47), the Rees-Eisenck index corresponded to 97.58 (94.62; 107.48), the Rohrer index was 13.34 (12.07; 15.48), the Pinier index was 11.1 (-10; 22), the Quetelet II index was 23.33 (22.03; 27.71). When analyzing teleroentgenograms, it was revealed that the values of some parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age differ from the values of the «norm». Thus, the indicators of the lower jaw length (Go-Gn), the ratio of the body of the lower jaw length to the length of the anterior base of the skull (Go-Me/S-N), the length of the posterior base of the skull (S-Ar), the height of the branch of the lower jaw (Ar-Go), the ratio of the heights of the face (S-Go/N-Me), the angle between the axis of the lower incisor and the plane of the lower jaw (IM IMPA) have greater values than the «norm»; and the figures of the angles sum according to Bjork (∠SUM Bjork), mandibular angle (∠Ar-Go-Me), maxillary angle (∠N-Go-Ar), upper jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-NL), lower jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-ML), intermaxillary angle (∠NL-ML), the angle between the lower jaw plane and the Frankfurt horizontal (∠FMA), have values less than the «norm». The values of the saddle angle (∠N-S-Ar) differed in young men with euryprosopic and leptoprosopic facial forms. The quantitative values of the lower jaw angle (ArGo-Me) and the upper jaw angle (N-Go-Ar) differed only in the representatives of the dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head.Conclusion. Quantitative values of cephalometric and somatometric parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age have distinctive features. Individual parameters of the maxillofacial area (according to teleroentgenograms) differ in persons with dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head and in the representatives of euryprosopic and leptoprosopic forms of the face.

scholarly journals Research on the clinical aspect of Angle Class II/1 malocclusions (accompanied by the bad habit of sucking the thumb)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
Ionela Teodora Dascălu ◽  
◽  
Evantia Coleş ◽  
Marina Olimpia Amărăscu ◽  
Tiberiu Ţîrcă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Clinical Aspect ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Angle Class Ii ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw

Sucking the thumb is considered an inborn reflex. However, after the age of four (in case of emotional instability and anxiety) this reflex becomes a bad habit. This vicious habit is one of the most important etiological factors which determine the Angle Class II/1 malocclusion. The research relied on the analysis of the photos of schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 who admitted the persistence of this bad habit and also had Angle Class II/1 malocclusions. We analysed the photos of the face and of the exobuccal and endobuccal profiles. We have chosen two cases from the researched group to highlight the clinical aspects of Angle Class II/1 malocclusions. The patients maintained the bad habit of sucking the thumb which, accompanied by other etiological factors, led to a skeletal disequilibrium. Thus, many modifications may appear such as: upper jaw prognathism and lower jaw retrognathism with a sagittal inocclusion as well as changes of the physiognomy specific to Angle Class II/1 malocclusions. In the case of Angle Class II/1 malocclusions, the coexistence of hereditary and functional pathologic factors generally leads to skeletal and neuro-muscular modifications with aesthetic repercussions.

scholarly journals DEVIATIONSIN THE POSITION OFTHETHIRD MOLARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Nataliia Pankratova ◽  
Mikhail Postnikov ◽  
Aziza Khasbolatova ◽  
Tatiana Repina ◽  
Anastasiia Rodionova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Optimal Shape ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
And Function

Timely teething is one of the most important indicators of the harmonious development of the dentoalveolar system, which is determined by the correct (physiological) position of the teeth in the dentition, ensuring the optimal shape and function of the temporomandibular joint, the work of the chewing muscles, the height of the lower part of the face, and aesthetics of a smile. Retention of individual teeth is often the reason for the formation of anomalies in the dentition, their closure, functional and aesthetic disorders. An urgent problem in modern dentistry is the problem associated with the development of third molars. According to the results of the analysis of 3000 orthopantomograms of the jaws of patients 7–25 years old with dentoalveolar anomalies, the spatial arrangement of the primordial of the third molars relative to the buttresses of the upper and lower jaws was studied. It was found that the buttresses on the upper jaw are vertical and do not interfere with the correct eruption of the third molars. The buttresses located near the primordial of the third molars on the lower jaw contribute to the retention of the third molars due to the change in inclination during the formation stage.

scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics Of Rheological Properties Of Blood In Combined Face Injuries Before And After Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyar Karshievich Narmurotov ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Abdujalilovich Boymuradov ◽  
Jamolbek Abdukakhkhorovich Djuraev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Jaw

Fractures are one of the most common components in multiple and associated injuries. Fractures of the lower jaw are observed in 76%, of the upper jaw in 24%, a fracture of the zygomatic-orbital complex in 12%. The actual problem of modern traumatology is the violation of reparative osteogenesis with injuries combined with facial trauma. The duration of the consolidation of fractures is determined by the degree of microcirculation disorders in the fracture zone, changes in cellular and coagulation hemostasis and mineral metabolism. In this connection, increasing the effectiveness of treatment of fractures of the bones of the face on the basis of early diagnosis of vascular and hemostasiological changes is of great importance for practical health care.

scholarly journals Regulation of Mandibular Growth and Morphogenesis

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Mina
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Signaling Network ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Face ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Upper Jaw

The development of the vertebrate face is a dynamic process that starts with the formation of facial processes/prominences. Facial processes are small buds made up of mesenchymal masses enclosed by an epithelial layer that surround the primitive mouth. The 2 maxillary processes, the 2 lateral nasal processes, and the frontonasal processes form the upper jaw. The lower jaw is formed by the 2 mandibular processes. Although the question of the embryonic origin of facial structures has received considerable attention, the mechanisms that control differential growth of the facial processes and patterning of skeletal tissues within these structures have been difficult to study and still are not well-understood. This has been partially due to the lack of readily identifiable morphologically discrete regions in the developing face that regulate patterning of the face. Nonetheless, in recent years there has been significant progress in the understanding of the signaling network controlling the patterning and development of the face (for review, see Richman et al., 1991; Francis-West et al., 1998). This review focuses on current understanding of the processes and signaling molecules that are involved in the formation of the mandibular arch.

Diversification of the North American Doellingeria-Eucephalus Clade (Astereae: Asteraceae) Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-942
Author(s):  
Geraldine A. Allen ◽  
Luc Brouillet ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Heidi J. Guest ◽  
Robert Underhill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybridization Event ◽  
Ancient Hybridization

Abstract—Doellingeria and Eucephalus form the earliest-diverging clade of the North American Astereae lineage. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and plastid sequence data show that the Doellingeria-Eucephalus clade consists of two main subclades that differ from current circumscriptions of the two genera. Doellingeria is the sister group to E. elegans, and the Doellingeria + E. elegans subclade in turn is sister to the subclade containing all remaining species of Eucephalus. In the plastid phylogeny, the two subclades are deeply divergent, a pattern that is consistent with an ancient hybridization event involving ancestral species of the Doellingeria-Eucephalus clade and an ancestral taxon of a related North American or South American group. Divergence of the two Doellingeria-Eucephalus subclades may have occurred in association with northward migration from South American ancestors. We combine these two genera under the older of the two names, Doellingeria, and propose 12 new combinations (10 species and two varieties) for all species of Eucephalus.

Cephalometric features of connective tissue dysplasia manifestation in children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Davydov ◽  
D. A. Domenyuk ◽  
S. V. Dmitrienko ◽  
T. A. Kondratyeva ◽  
Yu. S. Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Brain Parts

Relevance. The high prevalence of dysplastic disorders involving connective tissue, and its negative effecton the development of dentoalveolar anomalies, carious and non-carious lesions of the teeth, periodontopathy, temporomandibular joint issues in the child population, lay the basis for improving diagnostics algorithms. Enhancing the already available standards is of greatest importance for children at the initial stages of diagnostics when evaluating the external signs of dysplastic disorders.Purpose – improving diagnostics algorithms for connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in children in primary dental care facilities based on the evaluation of external phenotype signs and maxillofacial morphological features.Materials and methods. Depending on the external phenotype manifestations severity, as well as on laboratory, clinical and instrumental signs, the 92 children with CTD were divided into groups with mild, moderate and severe degrees of undifferentiated dysplasia. Gnathometric and biometric examinations of the maxillofacial area were performed through traditional methods, whereas the diagnosis was set following the generally accepted classifications. The diagnosis confirmation implied evaluation through cone beam computed imaging.Results. The nature and the intensity of morphofunctional disorders in the craniofacial structures (“small” stigmas) depend on the severity of connective tissue dysplastic disorders.Conclusions. The change direction vector in the facial and brain parts of cranium in children with CTD is aimed at increasing hypoplastic tendencies and dolichocephalia, proof to that being the following constitutional and morphological features: the prevalence of the vertical type of face skeleton growth over the horizontal and neutral ones; a convex face profile with a disproportionate general heights of the face skeleton; reduction of latitudinal with an increase in altitude facial parameters; a narrow short branch of the lower jaw; the upper jaw displaced downwards and forward; a decrease in the size of the apical basis of the lower dentition, the lower jaw body, as well as the height and width of the lower jaw branches. 

políticas externas do Brasil e do México para a América Latina: do Grupo de Contadora ao Grupo do Rio

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-347
Author(s):  
Hugo Agra
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Central America ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Creation ◽  
America Latina

O artigo analisa um tema pouco abordado na literatura brasileira de relações internacionais: a atuação das políticas externas do Brasil e do México para a criação do Grupo de Contadora (1983), Grupo de Apoio à Contadora (1985) e do Grupo do Rio (1987). Esses grupos tiveram papéis importantes nas tentativas de estabilização dos problemas políticos, econômicos e sociais da América Central a partir dos anos 1980. O artigo está dividido em quatro partes: i) compreensão da criação do Grupo de Contadora, do Grupo de Apoio à Contadora e a atuação do Brasil e do México, ii) destaque aos principais objetivos desses dois grupos, iii) explica o “dilema” das políticas externas do Brasil e do México diante das ações estadunidenses para a América Central e iv) e descreve a criação e os objetivos do Grupo do Rio. Por meio de uma pesquisa explicativa, onde é fundamental reunir informações sobre vários assuntos para entender de forma mais abrangente um tema específico, o artigo faz uso de fontes secundárias que analisam as relações internacionais da América Latina e os processos decisórios das políticas externas do Brasil e do México na década de 1980, além de algumas fontes primárias, como documentos oficiais dos acordos celebrados e declarações presidenciais disponíveis em arquivos dos sites eletrônicos da presidência ou chancelaria dos países. Conclui-se mostrando que os dois países foram fundamentais para o processo de estabilização política, principalmente na região centro-americana, não só pela importância histórica, política e econômica de cada um, mas também pelo fato de que a formação desses grupos foram importantes para dirimir litígios, acelerar a resolução de conflitos entre os países do continente, além de ter sido um período de aproximação e fortalecimento da relação bilateral Brasil-México.         ABSTRACT: The article analyzes a theme little addressed in the Brazilian literature of international relations: the performance of the foreign policies of Brazil and Mexico for the creation of the Contadora Group (1983), the Contadora Support Group (1985) and the Rio Group (1987). These groups played important roles in attempts to stabilize the political, economic and social problems of Central America from the 1980s onwards. The article is divided into four parts: i) an understanding of the creation of the Contadora Group, the Contadora Support Group and the actions of Brazil and Mexico, ii) highlighting the main objectives of these two groups, iii) explaining the "dilemma" of the foreign policies of Brazil and Mexico in the face of US actions for Central America, and iv) describing the creation and objectives of the Rio Group. By means of an explanatory survey, where it is essential to gather information on various subjects in order to understand more comprehensively a specific theme, the article makes use of secondary sources that analyze the international relations of Latin America and the decision-making processes of the foreign policies of Brazil and Mexico in the 1980s, in addition to some primary sources, such as official documents of the agreements signed and presidential declarations available on the archives of the electronic sites of the presidency or chancellery of the countries. It concludes by showing that both countries were fundamental to the process of political stabilization, especially in the Central American region, not only because of their historical, political and economic importance, but also because the formation of these groups was important to settle disputes, accelerate the resolution of conflicts between the countries of the continent, and was a period of rapprochement and strengthening of the bilateral relationship between Brazil and Mexico. Keywords: International Relations; Latin America; Contadora Group; Rio Group.       Aprovado em: setembro/2019. Recebido em: agosto/2020.

INTERCONNECTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS FOR THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
N. N. ILYSHEVA ◽  
◽  
E. V. KARANINA ◽  
G. P. LEDKOV ◽  
E. V. BALDESKU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The North ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the problem of achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the components of sustainable development, taking into account the involvement of indigenous peoples in nature conservation. Climate change makes achieving sustainable development more difficult. Indigenous peoples are the first to feel the effects of climate change and play an important role in the environmental monitoring of their places of residence. The natural environment is the basis of life for indigenous peoples, and biological resources are the main source of food security. In the future, the importance of bioresources will increase, which is why economic development cannot be considered independently. It is assumed that the components of resilience are interrelated and influence each other. To identify this relationship, a model for the correlation of sustainable development components was developed. The model is based on the methods of correlation analysis and allows to determine the tightness of the relationship between economic development and its ecological footprint in the face of climate change. The correlation model was tested on the statistical materials of state reports on the environmental situation in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The approbation revealed a strong positive relationship between two components of sustainable development of the region: economy and ecology.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of SST and the North Atlantic Subtropical High-Pressure System on the Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Interannual Variability

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Albenis Pérez-Alarcón ◽  
José C. Fernández-Alvarez ◽  
Rogert Sorí ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Central America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The West ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
North Atlantic Subtropical High ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

The combined effect of the sea surface temperature (SST) and the North Atlantic subtropical high-pressure system (NASH) in the interannual variability of the genesis of tropical cyclones (TCs) and landfalling in the period 1980–2019 is explored in this study. The SST was extracted from the Centennial Time Scale dataset from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and TC records were obtained from the Atlantic Hurricane Database of the NOAA/National Hurricane Center. The genesis and landfalling regions were objectively clustered for this analysis. Seven regions of TC genesis and five for landfalling were identified. Intercluster differences were observed in the monthly frequency distribution and annual variability, both for genesis and landfalling. From the generalized least square multiple regression model, SST and NASH (intensity and position) covariates can explain 22.7% of the variance of the frequency of TC genesis, but it is only statistically significant (p < 0.1) for the NASH center latitude. The SST mostly modulates the frequency of TCs formed near the West African coast, and the NASH latitudinal variation affects those originated in the Lesser Antilles arc. For landfalling, both covariates explain 38.7% of the variance; however, significant differences are observed in the comparison between each region. With a statistical significance higher than 90%, SST and NASH explain 33.4% of the landfalling variability in the archipelago of the Bahamas and central–eastern region of Cuba. Besides, landfalls in the Gulf of Mexico and Central America seem to be modulated by SST. It was also found there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of genesis and landfalling with the NASH intensity. However, the NASH structure modulates the probability density of the TCs trajectory that make landfall once or several times in their lifetime. Thus, the NASH variability throughout a hurricane season affects the TCs trajectory in the North Atlantic basin. Moreover, we found that the landfalling frequency of TCs formed near the West Africa coast and the central North Atlantic is relatively low. Furthermore, the SST and NASH longitude center explains 31.6% (p < 0.05) of the variance of the landfalling intensity in the archipelago of the Bahamas, while the SST explains 26.4% (p < 0.05) in Central America. Furthermore, the 5-year moving average filter revealed decadal and multidecadal variability in both genesis and landfalling by region. Our findings confirm the complexity of the atmospheric processes involved in the TC genesis and landfalling.

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