Grade Expectations: When 100% Isn’t Good Enough

2020 ◽  
pp. 105256292096451
Author(s):  
Bryan Ruppert ◽  
Colette Hoption
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Letter Grade ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Management Discipline

Embracing a positive-psychology approach to well-being, this study aimed at identifying how to maximize students’ pleasure when receiving grades. Results from two experiments showed that students gained greater pleasure when receiving feedback in letter-grade format than in percentage scores. The results are consistent with social–psychological and sociocognitive research wherein coarser (as opposed to more granular) feedback is easier to process, provides superior self-affirming feedback, and, subsequently, garners greater pleasure. As the management discipline wrestles with being “too scientific,” an impression aligned with precise percentage scores, use of a coarser feedback system may present a unique auxiliary benefit to the discipline. We invite future research on whether a system can be too coarse, on faculty’s amenability to coarse grading systems, and on the concurrent use of multiple grading systems varying in coarseness.

scholarly journals Community-Based Green Care Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
SOLAJA MAYOWA OLUDELE
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide

Community-based green care initiative is an intervention geared towards satisfying the environmental, social, psychological, medical and material care for stimulating healthy well-being of children, adolescence and adults. Evidence-based studies have established that there is continual degeneration of self-esteem among adolescence in developing countries including Nigeria due to problems associated with unsustainable parenting styles and teaching patterns. It is in the light of this, the study examines a community-based green care initiative as a catalyst for sustainable parenting styles, teaching patterns and child self-esteem in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted exploratory survey design and tested three hypotheses on the subject matter. A self-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analysed through percentage distribution table and multiple regressions while qualitative data were analysed using direct quotes. Findings were discussed with reference to relevant empirical literatures and future research highlighted.

scholarly journals Positive psychology outcome measures for family caregivers of people living with dementia: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1281-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacki Stansfeld ◽  
Charlotte R. Stoner ◽  
Jennifer Wenborn ◽  
Myrra Vernooij-Dassen ◽  
Esme Moniz-Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People With Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground:Family caregivers of people living with dementia can have both positive and negative experiences of caregiving. Despite this, existing outcome measures predominately focus on negative aspects of caregiving such as burden and depression. This review aimed to evaluate the development and psychometric properties of existing positive psychology measures for family caregivers of people living with dementia to determine their potential utility in research and practice.Method:A systematic review of positive psychology outcome measures for family caregivers of people with dementia was conducted. The databases searched were as follows: PsychINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. Scale development papers were subject to a quality assessment to appraise psychometric properties.Results:Twelve positive outcome measures and six validation papers of these scales were identified. The emerging constructs of self-efficacy, spirituality, resilience, rewards, gain, and meaning are in line with positive psychology theory.Conclusions:There are some robust positive measures in existence for family caregivers of people living with dementia. However, lack of reporting of the psychometric properties hindered the quality assessment of some outcome measures identified in this review. Future research should aim to include positive outcome measures in interventional research to facilitate a greater understanding of the positive aspects of caregiving and how these contribute to well-being.

scholarly journals Beyond the “Third Wave of Positive Psychology”: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marié P. Wissing
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The positive psychology (PP) landscape is changing, and its initial identity is being challenged. Moving beyond the “third wave of PP,” two roads for future research and practice in well-being studies are discerned: The first is the state of the art PP trajectory that will (for the near future) continue as a scientific (sub)discipline in/next to psychology (because of its popular brand name). The second trajectory (main focus of this manuscript) links to pointers described as part of the so-called third wave of PP, which will be argued as actually being the beginning of a new domain of inter- or transdisciplinary well-being studies in its own right. It has a broader scope than the state of the art in PP, but is more delineated than in planetary well-being studies. It is in particular suitable to understand the complex nature of bio-psycho-social-ecological well-being, and to promote health and wellness in times of enormous challenges and changes. A unique cohering focus for this post-disciplinary well-being research domain is proposed. In both trajectories, future research will have to increase cognizance of metatheoretical assumptions, develop more encompassing theories to bridge the conceptual fragmentation in the field, and implement methodological reforms, while keeping context and the interwovenness of the various levels of the scientific text in mind. Opportunities are indicated to contribute to the discourse on the identity and development of scientific knowledge in mainstream positive psychology and the evolving post-disciplinary domain of well-being studies.

scholarly journals The Joyful Life: An Existential-Humanistic Approach to Positive Psychology in the Time of a Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Dean Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Face ◽  
Autobiographical Narrative

In the midst of a global pandemic, psychology has a duty to identify dispositional or character traits that can be cultivated in citizens in order to create resiliency in the face of profound losses, suffering and distress. Dispositional joy holds some promise as such a trait that could be especially important for well-being during the current pandemic and its consequences. The concept of the Joyful Life may operate as bridge between positive psychology and humanistic, existential, and spiritual views of the good life, by integrating hedonic, prudential, eudaimonic and chaironic visions of the good life. Previous phenomenological research on state joy suggests that momentary states of joy may have features that overlap with happiness but go beyond mere hedonic interests, and point to the experience of a life oriented toward virtue and a sense of the transcendent or the sacred. However, qualitative research on the Joyful Life, or dispositional joy, is sorely lacking. This study utilized a dialogical phenomenological analysis to conduct a group-based analysis of 17 volunteer students, who produced 51 autobiographical narrative descriptions of the joyful life. The dialogical analyses were assisted by integration of the Imagery in Movement Method, which incorporated expressive drawing and psychodrama as an aid to explicate implicit themes in the experiences of the participants. The analyses yielded ten invariant themes found across the autobiographical narrative descriptions: Being broken, being grounded, being centered, breaking open, being uplifted, being supertemporal, being open to the mystery, being grateful, opening up and out, and being together. The descriptions of a Joyful Life were consistent with a meaning orientation to happiness, due to their emphasis on the cultivation of virtue in the service of a higher calling, the realization of which was felt to be a gift or blessing. The discussion examines implications for future research, including the current relevance of a joyful disposition during a global pandemic. Due to the joyful disposition’s tendency to transform suffering and tragedy into meaning, and its theme of an orientation to prosocial motivations, the Joyful Life may occupy a central place in the study of resiliency and personal growth in response to personal and collective trauma such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Teacher Well-Being in EFL/ESL Classrooms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Definition Of

A popular point in the last 20 years in academic and business settings is well-being at work that is in line with positive psychology, through which one can understand how to make working conditions enjoyable. Alternatively, teaching has been recognized as the most stressful career. Although, not many studies in the form of review have been carried out to focus on the notion of the well-being of teachers in English as a second language (ESL) or English as a foreign language (EFL). According to the literature review, the definition of this construct, the factors related to it, and the empirical studies in this domain are presented. In conclusion, the implications of well-being for teachers, school principals, teacher-trainers, and future researchers are provided, and new directions for future research are delineated.

scholarly journals Beyond Passion and Perseverance: Review and Future Research Initiatives on the Science of Grit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Initiatives

Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Although previous meta-analytic and systematic reviews summarized how grit relates to performance outcomes, they possess considerable shortcomings, such as (a) absence of summary on the association of grit with well-being outcomes; (b) absence of discussion on social, psychological, and emotional mechanisms linking grit to well-being; and (c) lack of elaboration on how alternative models can resolve fundamental problems in the grit construct. This integrative review provides a comprehensive summary on the link of grit to performance and well-being outcomes. Importantly, it elaborates how alternative models can potentially address flaws in the existing grit theory. Future research directions are discussed on how to move forward the science of grit.

Humility, Personality, and Psychological Functioning

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110628
Author(s):  
Lisa T. Ross ◽  
Jennifer C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Potential Applications

As part of the shift to a more positive psychology, researchers have demonstrated a relatively new and intense fascination with humility. Following a discussion of this construct and its correlates, we investigate how humility relates to personality dimensions, anxiety and depression, love of life and happiness, and self-efficacy in two samples—college students and adult Mturk workers. In both studies, we used the Dual Dimension Humility Scale, a measure that does not conflate the construct with honesty. Among students ( N = 399), aspects humility correlated with dimensions of personality (more conscientiousness and openness, and less agreeableness and neuroticism), less depression, more love of life and happiness, and stronger social self-efficacy. Although fewer associations were found, overall, among adults ( N = 509), aspects of humility correlated with dimensions of personality, less anxiety, and some dimensions of psychological well-being. The most unique contributions of this study include linking humility with college students’ love of life and self-efficacy, and with adults’ well-being. We conclude with a discussion of ideas for future research and potential applications to boost humility.

Assessing Perceptions of Immigrant Contribution: Scale Development and Organizational Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Li ◽  
Franki Y. H. Kung
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Physical Resources

The literature on immigrant perceptions has predominantly focused on the effects of perceived threat on attitudinal and behavioral outcomes towards immigrants. Although this threat perspective is useful, it is mismatched with many public opinions that immigrants are vital contributors to organizational and societal growth. The implications of immigrant contribution perceptions are still largely unknown. Building on a dual-dimension framework, this paper explores and presents the perceived immigrant contribution (PIC) construct and develops a scale as a tool to measure perceptions of economic/realistic (i.e., physical resources) and symbolic (i.e., cultural resources) immigrant contributions. Five studies provide evidence for the scale and construct validity in both general and workplace-specific contexts. The inclusion of this construct will allow future scholars to capture an alternative perspective and gain additional insights into immigrant-directed attitudes and behaviors, guiding future research towards a more positive psychology approach to studying immigrant perceptions and its organizational implications for workplace well-being, treatment, and integration.

Dominance and Prestige: A Tale of Two Hierarchies

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon K. Maner
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Strategies ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategic Behaviors ◽  
Current Article

Dominance and prestige represent evolved strategies used to navigate social hierarchies. Dominance is a strategy through which people gain and maintain social rank by using coercion, intimidation, and power. Prestige is a strategy through which people gain and maintain social rank by displaying valued knowledge and skills and earning respect. The current article synthesizes recent lines of research documenting differences between dominance- versus prestige-oriented individuals, including personality traits and emotions, strategic behaviors deployed in social interactions, leadership strategies, and physiological correlates of both behaviors. The article also reviews effects that dominance versus prestige have on the functioning and well-being of social groups. The article also presents opportunities for future research and discusses links between dominance and prestige and the social psychological literature on power and status.

Happiness, Resilience, and Positive Growth Following Physical Disability: Issues for Understanding, Research, and Therapeutic Intervention

2009 ◽  
pp. 650-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana S. Dunn ◽  
Gitendra Uswatte ◽  
Timothy R. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Rehabilitation Psychology ◽  
Positive Growth

Do well-being and happiness change following acquired physical disability? The onset of physical disability occurs due to trauma or disease, either of which can mean a reduction in function (e.g., activities of daily living) or the literal loss of a body part (e.g., limb amputation). Restricted mobility, activity, or physical loss can have psychological consequences, so that some individuals report a variety of depressive symptoms and problem behaviors following disability onset. Yet many people with disabilities do not suffer from depression or behavioral difficulties; rather, they adjust to their circumstances reasonably well. Following the onset of disability and subsequent rehabilitation, then, many individuals report relatively favorable levels of subjective well-being (SWB) and happiness, and that they take pleasure in daily life, including work, play, and interactions with family and friends. The focus of this chapter is those individuals who exhibit positive reactions to living with disability. We hope that products and insights from their positive responses can develop new or revised existing therapies to promote the health and well-being of others, the goal of rehabilitation psychology. Our discussion is grounded in the theoretical and empirical perspectives of positive psychology; the constructive, person-situation focus of rehabilitation psychology; and the approaches emerging from the synergy of both research areas. Positive psychology emphasizes three complementary foci: subjective states, individual processes, and the creation and maintenance of positive social institutions. Against the backdrop of acquired physical disability, we consider the first two foci by examining happiness and then resiliency and positive growth. We then consider the implications of our review for future research and therapy.

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