scholarly journals A Context-Driven Framework for Selecting Mental Model Elicitation Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Harper ◽  
Stephen Dorton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Elicitation Method ◽  
Elicitation Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge ◽  
Model Elicitation

Mental models describe an internal representation of knowledge of an individual or group, which can be used to interpret interactions with their environment and provide insight into decision-making strategies and prediction of performance. There are several ways to elicit mental models and analyze them; however, there is little guidance for selecting an appropriate elicitation method. Depending on different constraints of research and desired outcomes, different elicitation methods are more appropriate than others. Three criteria were identified as useful for selecting an appropriate elicitation method. These were the interaction level with participants, the number of participants being evaluated, and the resulting level of analytical detail that is required. A process for selecting the most appropriate mental model elicitation method is herein presented. Additionally, an overview of the factors that affect the selection of the mental models, and the different types of mental models are also presented.

Towards a Context-Dependent Framework for Visualizing Mental Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Samantha Harper ◽  
Stephen Dorton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Initial Research ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

Mental models describe an internal representation of knowledge, which can be used to describe, explain, and predict a person’s interactions with their environment. While there is no shortage on mental model research, a recent literature review revealed the majority of research on mental models does not include an actual model of any kind. Mental models are able to capture complex information, which is difficult to effectively convey through written word alone. A set of visual metaphors are needed to effectively convey the disparate information that can be identified in mental models. We have conducted initial research to develop a notional framework for visualizing mental models based on the context of the elicitation methods used (and the data collected).

Evaluating Mental Model Elicitation Methods

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Cooke ◽  
Anna L. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
User Acceptance ◽  
Elicitation Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Researchers have developed and applied a number of methods for measuring mental models. Unfortunately not only is the mental model construct ill-defined, but the basic research associated with it offers little guidance concerning the selection of a method for a particular application. In this paper a program of research is presented that is designed address this shortcoming. Specifically, the research involves a comparative evaluation of methods to measure mental models on the basis of the relationship between the method's output (i.e., the mental model) and the criterion of primary importance to the problem (e.g., task performance, user acceptance). It is assumed that a method should be selected on the basis of its ability to generate output that is predictive of the criterion of interest. It is likely that because the methods tap different aspects of a mental model, they will predict performance well on some tasks and criteria, but not others. As an example of this approach, data are presented that help to select the best method for measuring technicians' mental models of an electronics troubleshooting task.

Fault Fictions: Systematic biases in the conceptualization of fault zone architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Shipton ◽  
Jen Roberts ◽  
Emma Comrie ◽  
Yannick Kremer ◽  
Lunn Rebecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Geological Uncertainty ◽  
Geological Investigation ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Geological Models ◽  
Fault Zone Architecture ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Field Geology ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Mental models are a human’s internal representation of the real world and have an important role in the way a human understands and reasons about uncertainties, explores potential options, and makes decisions. However, they are susceptible to biases. Issues associated with mental models have not yet received much attention in geosciences, yet systematic biases can affect the scientific process of any geological investigation; from the inception of how the problem is viewed, through selection of appropriate hypotheses and data collection/processing methods, to the conceptualisation and communication of results. This presentation draws on findings from cognitive science and system dynamics, with knowledge and experiences of field geology, to consider the limitations and biases presented by mental models in geoscience, and their effect on predictions of the physical properties of faults in particular. We highlight a number of biases specific to geological investigations and propose strategies for debiasing. Doing so will enhance how multiple data sources can be brought together, and minimise controllable geological uncertainty to develop more robust geological models. Critically, we argue that there is a need for standardised procedures that guard against biases, permitting data from multiple studies to be combined and communication of assumptions to be made. While we use faults to illustrate potential biases in mental models and the implications of these biases, our findings can be applied across the geoscience discipline.</p>

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL MODELS TEST ON HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Rian Priyadi ◽  
Markus Diantoro ◽  
Parno Parno
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
A Value ◽  
D Model

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN MODEL MENTAL PADA TOPIK SUHU DAN KALORAbstrakKami telah mengembangkan tes sebagai analisis model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada pentingnya mengetahui tingkatan model mental siswa. Model mental merupakan representasi internal siswa dalam memahami sebuah konsep.  Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Produk yang dihasilkan merupakan instrumen analisis model mental berupa soal terbuka.  Selanjutnya, instrumen tes model mental diujicobakan kepada responden (N=90) untuk mengukur validitas dan reliabilitas. Tes yang telah dikembangkan terdiri dari 8 soal dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,667. Berdasarkan analisis data, instrumen tes model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian. AbstractWe have developed test inventory as an analysis of mental models on heat and temperature topics. This development research based on the importance of knowing the level of students' mental models. The mental models are a student’s internal representation of understanding a concept. This study uses a 4-D model. The product being produced is a mental model analysis consists of open-ended questions. Furthermore, mental models test were tested on respondents (N = 90) to measure the validity and reliability. The test that has been developed consists of 8 questions with a value of reliability is 0.667. Based on data analysis, the test of mental models on heat and temperature topics is feasible to use as an assessment instrument. 

Roller Coasters, Mental Models, and Product Safety

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Nemire
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
External World ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Mental models – internal representations of the external world – influence perception and decision making. An inappropriate mental model of a roller coaster contributed to one injury and one death in a roller coaster incident. This study revealed that participants' mental models represented the oldest and most prevalent type of roller coaster, despite the existence of several different types. Investigating mental models of users involved in injury incidents often reveals how such incidents occur. To prevent inaccurate mental models from leading users into hazardous situations, product and system designers should follow product safety guidelines to eliminate or reduce the hazards.

scholarly journals Fault fictions: systematic biases in the conceptualization of fault-zone architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. K. Shipton ◽  
J. J. Roberts ◽  
E. L. Comrie ◽  
Y. Kremer ◽  
R. J. Lunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Geological Uncertainty ◽  
Geological Investigation ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Geological Models ◽  
Fault Zone Architecture ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Field Geology ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMental models are a human's internal representation of the real world and have an important role in the way we understand and reason about uncertainties, explore potential options and make decisions. Mental models have not yet received much attention in geosciences, yet systematic biases can affect any geological investigation: from how the problem is conceived, through selection of appropriate hypotheses and data collection/processing methods, to the conceptualization and communication of results. We draw on findings from cognitive science and system dynamics, with knowledge and experiences of field geology, to consider the limitations and biases presented by mental models in geoscience, and their effect on predictions of the physical properties of faults in particular. We highlight biases specific to geological investigations and propose strategies for debiasing. Doing so will enhance how multiple data sources can be brought together, and minimize controllable geological uncertainty to develop more robust geological models. Critically, there is a need for standardized procedures that guard against biases, permitting data from multiple studies to be combined and communication of assumptions to be made. While we use faults to illustrate potential biases in mental models and the implications of these biases, our findings can be applied across the geosciences.

An Insight into Oligopeptide Transporter 3 (OPT3) family proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fırat Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Oligopeptide Transporter ◽  
Binding Residues ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Proteins Interactions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

: Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) proteins are one of the subsets of OPT clade, yet little is known about these transporters. Therefore, homolog OPT3 proteins in several plant species were investigated and characterized using bioinformatical tools. Motif and co-expression analyses showed that OPT3 proteins may be involved in both biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as growth and developmental processes. AtOPT3 usually seemed to take part in Fe homeostasis whereas ZmOPT3 putatively interacted with proteins involved in various biological processes from plant defense system to stress responses. Glutathione (GSH), as a putative alternative chelating agent, was used in the AtOPT3 and ZmOPT3 docking analyses to identify their putative binding residues. The information given in this study will contribute to the understanding of OPT3 proteins’ interactions in various pathways and to the selection of potential ligands for OPT3s.

The participation of Palestinian-Israeli politicians in public and commercial television and radio in Israel as capability

2021 ◽  
pp. 174804852199056
Author(s):  
Baruch Shomron ◽  
Amit Schejter
Keyword(s):  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Insight Into

This study examines how media representations of Palestinian-Israeli politicians, can help community members realize their capabilities. The study’s database is comprised of 1,207 interviews conducted with Palestinian-Israeli politicians on news and current affairs programs on the three national television channels and the two national radio stations in Israel, for 24 months (2016-2017). We identified and analyzed the differences in the modes of representation between national and local Palestinian-Israeli politicians and between Palestinian-Israeli parliament members in the Joint List and Palestinian-Israeli parliament members in Zionist parties, all through the capabilities prism. In this study, we demonstrated how different types of Palestinian-Israeli politicians may potentially affect the realization of different political functions and capabilities. Analyzing political representations in the media through the theoretical framework of the ‘capabilities approach’ contributes to a more comprehensive insight into the roles the media can play promoting people’s wellbeing and human rights, relative to traditional media theories.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Selection of Additives in Porous Asphalt Mixtures Using Mechanical, Hydraulic, Economic, and Environmental Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2146
Author(s):  
Anik Gupta ◽  
Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo ◽  
Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga ◽  
Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
Daniel Castro-Fresno
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Product Assessment ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen ◽  
Selection Of

Porous asphalt (PA) mixtures are more environmentally friendly but have lower durability than dense-graded mixtures. Additives can be incorporated into PA mixtures to enhance their mechanical strength; however, they may compromise the hydraulic characteristics, increase the total cost of pavement, and negatively affect the environment. In this paper, PA mixtures were produced with 5 different types of additives including 4 fibers and 1 filler. Their performances were compared with the reference mixtures containing virgin bitumen and polymer-modified bitumen. The performance of all mixes was assessed using: mechanical, hydraulic, economic, and environmental indicators. Then, the Delphi method was applied to compute the relative weights for the parameters in multi-criteria decision-making methods. Evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), technique for order of the preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) were employed to rank the additives. According to the results obtained, aramid pulp displayed comparable and, for some parameters such as abrasion resistance, even better performance than polymer-modified bitumen, whereas cellulose fiber demonstrated the best performance regarding sustainability, due to economic and environmental benefits.

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