Evaluation of different cleaning methods for feline inhalation chambers after bacterial contamination

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2091335
Author(s):  
Friederike K Klenk ◽  
Vanessa DeSimoi ◽  
Georg Wolf ◽  
Bianka S Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Sample Material ◽  
Inhalation Devices ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Lukewarm Water

Objectives Inhalation chambers are commonly used for the delivery of aerosol drugs to cats with respiratory disease. The aim of the study was to identify successful cleaning methods for inhalation devices after standardised bacterial contamination. Methods Spacer devices of two different manufacturers were used: RC Chamber (Cegla Medizintechnik) and Aerokat (Trudell Medical International). The bacterial contamination was performed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previously marked areas of the chamber were contaminated with 50 μl of bacterial solution, containing between 2.2 ×105 and 2.1 ×108 colony-forming units/ml each. After cleaning the devices as recommended by each manufacturer (RC Chamber: special microwave cleaning bag [n = 5] or boiling water with liquid dish detergent for 15 mins [n = 5]; Aerokat: rinsing in a solution of lukewarm water and liquid dish detergent for 15 mins), chambers were air-dried for 24 h and samples for bacterial culture were taken from three defined areas. Sample material was applied on Müller–Hinton agar plates and subsequently incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Results Bacterial contamination was not detected in any of the examined inhalation devices using the recommended cleaning methods. Conclusions and relevance If inhalation chambers are cleaned following the manufacturers’ recommendations, successful bacterial decontamination can be expected.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Endoscopes: Comparison of Different Sampling Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1062-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien Cattoir ◽  
Thomas Vanzieleghem ◽  
Lisa Florin ◽  
Tania Helleputte ◽  
Martine De Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Colony Forming Units

OBJECTIVETo compare different techniques of endoscope sampling to assess residual bacterial contamination.DESIGNDiagnostic study.SETTINGThe endoscopy unit of an 1,100-bed university hospital performing ~13,000 endoscopic procedures annually.METHODSIn total, 4 sampling techniques, combining flushing fluid with or without a commercial endoscope brush, were compared in an endoscope model. Based on these results, sterile physiological saline flushing with or without PULL THRU brush was selected for evaluation on 40 flexible endoscopes by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement and bacterial culture. Acceptance criteria from the French National guideline (<25 colony-forming units [CFU] per endoscope and absence of indicator microorganisms) were used as part of the evaluation.RESULTSOn biofilm-coated PTFE tubes, physiological saline in combination with a PULL THRU brush generated higher mean ATP values (2,579 relative light units [RLU]) compared with saline alone (1,436 RLU; P=.047). In the endoscope samples, culture yield using saline plus the PULL THRU (mean, 43 CFU; range, 1–400 CFU) was significantly higher than that of saline alone (mean, 17 CFU; range, 0–500 CFU; P<.001). In samples obtained using the saline+PULL THRU brush method, ATP values of samples classified as unacceptable were significantly higher than those of samples classified as acceptable (P=.001).CONCLUSIONPhysiological saline flushing combined with PULL THRU brush to sample endoscopes generated higher ATP values and increased the yield of microbial surveillance culture. Consequently, the acceptance rate of endoscopes based on a defined CFU limit was significantly lower when the saline+PULL THRU method was used instead of saline alone.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1062–1069

Effectiveness of antimicrobial hospital curtains on reducing bacterial contamination—A multicenter study

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shik Luk ◽  
Viola Chi Ying Chow ◽  
Kelvin Chung Ho Yu ◽  
Enoch Know Hsu ◽  
Ngai Chong Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Bed Days

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of 2 types of antimicrobial privacy curtains in clinical settings and the costs involved in replacing standard curtains with antimicrobial curtains.DesignA prospective, open-labeled, multicenter study with a follow-up duration of 6 months.SettingThis study included 12 rooms of patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (668 patient bed days) and 10 cubicles (8,839 patient bed days) in the medical, surgical, neurosurgical, orthopedics, and rehabilitation units of 10 hospitals.MethodCulture samples were collected from curtain surfaces twice a week for 2 weeks, followed by weekly intervals.ResultsWith a median hanging time of 173 days, antimicrobial curtain B (quaternary ammonium chlorides [QAC] plus polyorganosiloxane) was highly effective in reducing the bioburden (colony-forming units/100 cm2, 1 vs 57; P < .001) compared with the standard curtain. The percentages of MDRO contamination were also significantly lower on antimicrobial curtain B than the standard curtain: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0.5% vs 24% (P < .001); carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp, 0.2% vs 22.1% (P < .001); multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp, 0% vs 13.2% (P < .001). Notably, the median time to first contamination by MDROs was 27.6 times longer for antimicrobial curtain B than for the standard curtain (138 days vs 5 days; P = .001).ConclusionsAntimicrobial curtain B (QAC plus polyorganosiloxane) but not antimicrobial curtain A (built-in silver) effectively reduced the microbial burden and MDRO contamination compared with the standard curtain, even after extended use in an active clinical setting. The antimicrobial curtain provided an opportunity to avert indirect costs related to curtain changing and laundering in addition to improving patient safety.

scholarly journals The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Groehs Goldberg ◽  
Marisa Cardoso ◽  
Mari Lourdes Bernardi ◽  
Ivo Wentz ◽  
Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Semen Processing ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the degree of bacterial contamination of boar ejaculate and semen extender on the quality of semen doses. The experiment was conducted in four boar studs, from which raw semen and two semen doses from each ejaculate were collected to evaluate the number of colony-forming units (CFU), pH, sperm morphology and motility. Extender samples were also evaluated for CFU. Ejaculates that had higher levels of contamination ( > 220 CFU mL-1) resulted in semen doses with a greater degree of bacterial contamination but with no reduction in motility or alteration in pH. When the semen doses were classified according to the degree of contamination of the extender, a decrease in motility was observed after 108 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group whose extender had ? 14,000 CFU mL-1 versus the group whose extender had ? 330 CFU mL-1. The pH remained stable during 168 h of storage in semen doses with extender that had lower contamination levels, but decreased from 7.2 to 6.0 between 24 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group with extender that had higher levels of contamination. A higher number of abnormal acrosomes (P < 0.05) were observed after 168 h of storage in the semen doses whose extender was highly contaminated. The production of semen doses with low bacterial contamination and high sperm cell viability will only be possible with a strict hygienic control in semen processing, primarily with respect to the extender, combined with minimal contamination during collection.

scholarly journals Role of single and mixed culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia ficaria in utilization of petroleum wastes of Dora- refineries.

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-548
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Agitated Culture ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria ◽  
Better Than

The ability of single and mixed bacterial culture to utilize Dora-refineries petroleum wastes was compared. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia ficaria mixed culture consumed the wastes better than the single bacterial cultures. The highest log. number of viable cells in mixed culture was 6.842 , while in single bacterial cultures it was 6.683 and 5.631, respectively. after 3 days in API medium containing the refinery wastes. The effect of some environmental conditions on the degradation of petroleum wastes was studied included aeration , NaCl concentration , pH and temperature. The growth of bacteria in the agitated culture was higher than stagnant culture the log. of cell no. was 6.021 in the first culture. The highest log. of cell no. stagnant culture was 5.771. Pseudomonas aeruginosa AA22 and Serratia ficaria AA39 were able to grow in medium containing 5 , 7 % NaCl , they favorite pH 7. The mixed culture of the two bacteria grew well of 45 oC.

Barrier and Antibacterial Properties of 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate-Derived Wound Treatment Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Mertz ◽  
Stephen C. Davis ◽  
Alejandro L. Cazzaniga ◽  
Anna Drosou ◽  
William H. Eaglstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Wound Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Background: Besides enhancing healing, an ideal dressing should prevent invasion of pathogens and control the number of bacteria already present in the wounds. Objective: To evaluate the barrier and antimicrobial properties of a cyanoacrylate-based bandage (LAB) against Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa on partial thickness wounds in swines. Methods: Barrier study: Bacteria were inoculated over test materials (LAB, standard bandage, air-exposed) that were placed over wounds. The bacteria from wounds were quantitated at 24, 48, and 72 hours postinoculation. Antimicrobial study: Wounds inoculated with bacteria were covered with LAB, standard bandage, or hydrocolloid bandage or left air-exposed. The bacteria recovered from wounds were quantitated at 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Results: Barrier study: No bacteria were recovered from LAB-treated wounds. Antimicrobial study: LAB reduced the number of inoculated bacteria in comparison to all other groups. Conclusion: LAB is effective in protecting wounds from external bacterial invasion and reducing bacterial contamination.

THE USE OF THE DRUG «JODЕS» TO REDUCE BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF EGGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
P. V. Kulach ◽  
◽  
I. D. Kirpichev ◽  
M. I. Shopinskaya ◽  
I. M. Nityaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Poultry Eggs ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Full Immersion ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation ◽  
Significant Concentration

In conditions of modern industrial poultry eggs are often contaminated with enteropathogens, on the surface of the shell there are such microbes as Salmonella, staphylococci and streptococci, intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sticks, Proteus, fungi, etc. Most industrial poultry farms are integrated enterprises operating on the principle of «vertical communication », which is characterized by significant concentration of poultry in limited areas, this in turn leads to sharp increasing of number of microorganisms on the egg surface, as well as an increase of their pathogenicity. The search for new effective and cost-safe drugs that meet all modern requirements is an actual and economically justified scientific direction. The aim of the present research was to develop effective modes and technologies of disinfection of eggs shell surface by preparation «Jodеs». As a result of the conducted research, high contamination of the shell by microflora, including CGB and mold fungi, was established. The regimes and technology of disinfection of eggs using the disinfectant «Jodеs» in 1% concentration were developed: with small – scale irrigation (wet disinfection method) – exposure for 3 hours; and full immersion for few seconds. It is established that the drug «Jodеs» in 1% concentration effectively sanitize the surface of the shell. Using this drug and compliance with its application can achieve protection of poultry from unwanted microflora.

scholarly journals Microbiological evaluation of bristles of frequently used toothbrushes

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso André Ferreira ◽  
Geovana Dagostim Savi ◽  
Ana Paula Panatto ◽  
Jaqueline da Silva Generoso ◽  
Tatiana Barichello
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Hygiene ◽  
Negative Conclusion

INTRODUCTION: Brushing teeth is probably the practice of oral hygiene most common in the world; however, inadequate use can become a risk to the population health, once they may be contaminated with various microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination on toothbrush bristles using different methodologies. METHOD: We used 40 toothbrushes from healthy individuals aged 3 to 58 years. The samples were grown in test tubes containing trypticase soy broth sterile, and with the help of a tracking 0.1 μl samples were placed on plates containing sheep blood agar 5% and MacConkey agar then the samples were stored in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C for 24 hours for later analysis. It was counted the colony forming units and bacteria identification present in the brush. RESULTS: On the microbiological analysis, there was a growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus coagulase negative. CONCLUSION: According to the results presented in this study, we observed a high incidence of bacterial contamination in the brushes analyzed. The most frequent microorganisms were members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The usage time of toothbrushes may be related to contamination found and, therefore, not only good hygiene ensures the reduction of microbial load, but replacing the toothbrush can also ensure individuals better oral health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tobramycin and Ciprofloxacin as a Synergistic Combination Against Hypermutable Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains via Mechanism-Based Modelling

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E. Rees ◽  
Jürgen B. Bulitta ◽  
Antonio Oliver ◽  
Roger L. Nation ◽  
Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Static Concentration ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Time Kill

Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have a greatly increased mutation rate and are prevalent in chronic respiratory infections. Initially, we systematically evaluated the time-course of total and resistant populations of hypermutable (PAO∆mutS) and non-hypermutable (PAO1) P. aeruginosa strains in 48-h static concentration time-kill studies with two inocula. Both strains were exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of important antibiotics (aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin) in monotherapy. The combination of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin was subsequently assessed in 48-h static concentration time-kill studies against PAO1, PAO∆mutS, and two hypermutable clinical P. aeruginosa strains. Mechanism-based mathematical modelling was conducted to describe the time-course of total and resistant bacteria for all four strains exposed to the combination. With all monotherapies, bacterial regrowth and resistant populations were overall more pronounced for PAO∆mutS compared to PAO1. The combination of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin was synergistic, with up to 106.1 colony forming units (CFU)/mL more bacterial killing than the most active monotherapy for all strains, and largely suppressed less-susceptible populations. This work indicates that monotherapies against hypermutable P. aeruginosa strains are not a viable option. Tobramycin with ciprofloxacin was identified as a promising and tangible option to combat hypermutable P. aeruginosa strains.

scholarly journals Contamination of an operating theatre by Gram-negative bacteria. Examination of water supplies, cleaning methods and wound infections

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mair E. M. Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth Piper ◽  
Isobel M. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Cleaning Methods

SUMMARYThis paper describes a search for Gram-negative bacteria in an operating theatre and the steps taken to reduce the level of environmental contamination.A high rate of infection in clean wounds prompted a bacteriological survey. Potential sources of infection found, and the measures employed are described in the hope that others may be encouraged to examine familiar equipment critically and to improve hygiene even in old premises.The choice, design, use and care of cleaning and sterilizing equipment were open to criticism. In particular, a currently popular floor-scrubbing machine provided a breeding ground for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was distributing it in the theatre environment.

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