scholarly journals Microbiological evaluation of bristles of frequently used toothbrushes

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso André Ferreira ◽  
Geovana Dagostim Savi ◽  
Ana Paula Panatto ◽  
Jaqueline da Silva Generoso ◽  
Tatiana Barichello
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Hygiene ◽  
Negative Conclusion

INTRODUCTION: Brushing teeth is probably the practice of oral hygiene most common in the world; however, inadequate use can become a risk to the population health, once they may be contaminated with various microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination on toothbrush bristles using different methodologies. METHOD: We used 40 toothbrushes from healthy individuals aged 3 to 58 years. The samples were grown in test tubes containing trypticase soy broth sterile, and with the help of a tracking 0.1 μl samples were placed on plates containing sheep blood agar 5% and MacConkey agar then the samples were stored in a bacteriological incubator at 37°C for 24 hours for later analysis. It was counted the colony forming units and bacteria identification present in the brush. RESULTS: On the microbiological analysis, there was a growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus coagulase negative. CONCLUSION: According to the results presented in this study, we observed a high incidence of bacterial contamination in the brushes analyzed. The most frequent microorganisms were members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The usage time of toothbrushes may be related to contamination found and, therefore, not only good hygiene ensures the reduction of microbial load, but replacing the toothbrush can also ensure individuals better oral health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

Identification of novel cardiovascular disease associated metabolites using untargeted metabolomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams Tabrez ◽  
Mohammed Razeeth Shait Mohammed ◽  
Nasimudeen R. Jabir ◽  
Mohammad Imran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Early diagnosis of CVD could provide the opportunity for sensible management and better clinical outcome along with the prevention of further progression of the disease. In the current study, we used an untargeted metabolomic approach to identify possible metabolite(s) that associate well with the CVD and could serve either as therapeutic target or disease-associated metabolite. We identified 26 rationally adjusted unique metabolites that were differentially present in the serum of CVD patients compared with healthy individuals, among them 15 were found to be statistically significant. Out of these metabolites, we identified some novel metabolites like UDP-l-rhamnose and N1-acetylspermidine that have not been reported to be linked with CVD directly. Further, we also found that some metabolites like ethanolamide, solanidine, dimethylarginine, N-acetyl-l-tyrosine, can act as a discriminator of CVD. Metabolites integrating pathway enrichment analysis showed enrichment of various important metabolic pathways like histidine metabolism, methyl histidine metabolism, carnitine synthesis, along with arginine and proline metabolism in CVD patients. Our study provides a great opportunity to understand the pathophysiological role and impact of the identified unique metabolites and can be extrapolated as specific CVD specific metabolites.

Effectiveness of antimicrobial hospital curtains on reducing bacterial contamination—A multicenter study

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shik Luk ◽  
Viola Chi Ying Chow ◽  
Kelvin Chung Ho Yu ◽  
Enoch Know Hsu ◽  
Ngai Chong Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Bed Days

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of 2 types of antimicrobial privacy curtains in clinical settings and the costs involved in replacing standard curtains with antimicrobial curtains.DesignA prospective, open-labeled, multicenter study with a follow-up duration of 6 months.SettingThis study included 12 rooms of patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (668 patient bed days) and 10 cubicles (8,839 patient bed days) in the medical, surgical, neurosurgical, orthopedics, and rehabilitation units of 10 hospitals.MethodCulture samples were collected from curtain surfaces twice a week for 2 weeks, followed by weekly intervals.ResultsWith a median hanging time of 173 days, antimicrobial curtain B (quaternary ammonium chlorides [QAC] plus polyorganosiloxane) was highly effective in reducing the bioburden (colony-forming units/100 cm2, 1 vs 57; P < .001) compared with the standard curtain. The percentages of MDRO contamination were also significantly lower on antimicrobial curtain B than the standard curtain: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0.5% vs 24% (P < .001); carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp, 0.2% vs 22.1% (P < .001); multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp, 0% vs 13.2% (P < .001). Notably, the median time to first contamination by MDROs was 27.6 times longer for antimicrobial curtain B than for the standard curtain (138 days vs 5 days; P = .001).ConclusionsAntimicrobial curtain B (QAC plus polyorganosiloxane) but not antimicrobial curtain A (built-in silver) effectively reduced the microbial burden and MDRO contamination compared with the standard curtain, even after extended use in an active clinical setting. The antimicrobial curtain provided an opportunity to avert indirect costs related to curtain changing and laundering in addition to improving patient safety.

scholarly journals The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Groehs Goldberg ◽  
Marisa Cardoso ◽  
Mari Lourdes Bernardi ◽  
Ivo Wentz ◽  
Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Semen Processing ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the degree of bacterial contamination of boar ejaculate and semen extender on the quality of semen doses. The experiment was conducted in four boar studs, from which raw semen and two semen doses from each ejaculate were collected to evaluate the number of colony-forming units (CFU), pH, sperm morphology and motility. Extender samples were also evaluated for CFU. Ejaculates that had higher levels of contamination ( > 220 CFU mL-1) resulted in semen doses with a greater degree of bacterial contamination but with no reduction in motility or alteration in pH. When the semen doses were classified according to the degree of contamination of the extender, a decrease in motility was observed after 108 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group whose extender had ? 14,000 CFU mL-1 versus the group whose extender had ? 330 CFU mL-1. The pH remained stable during 168 h of storage in semen doses with extender that had lower contamination levels, but decreased from 7.2 to 6.0 between 24 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group with extender that had higher levels of contamination. A higher number of abnormal acrosomes (P < 0.05) were observed after 168 h of storage in the semen doses whose extender was highly contaminated. The production of semen doses with low bacterial contamination and high sperm cell viability will only be possible with a strict hygienic control in semen processing, primarily with respect to the extender, combined with minimal contamination during collection.

scholarly journals A foodborne norovirus outbreak among the film crew in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Mirjana Strbac ◽  
Mioljub Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
Autonomous Province

Introduction. Norovirus is one of the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis in the world. The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of an outbreak of norovirus infection and present all the steps of an outbreak investigation. Material and Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all individuals who ate food from the same restaurant. All the exposed persons filled out an adapted questionnaire that is routinely used in patients with food poisoning. Results. This paper presents a norovirus outbreak among film crew members and measures taken to control the epidemic. Gastroenteritis was diagnosed in 20 exposed persons. In most patients, symptoms lasted 1 - 3 days, and every third patient sought medical attention. The predominant clinical manifestations were vomiting and diarrhea. The food that probably caused the infection were sandwiches with ham, cheese and lettuce and microbiological analysis confirmed that the outbreak was caused by norovirus. Conclusion. Although the source of this outbreak remains unclear, the results of environmental investigation of the restaurant showed several irregularities in the kitchen that may have caused norovirus transmission.

scholarly journals Incidence Of Diarrheal Infections In Ukraine: Epidemiological Peculiarities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Malysh ◽  
Oksana Chemych ◽  
Roman Rodyna ◽  
Inna Chorna ◽  
Svitlana Doan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background : Diarrheal infections remain relevant for many countries of the world. The processes of globalization, fundamental changes in nutrition and water consumption contributed to the fact that the significance of individual infection sources, etiological structure of diarrheal infections changed. Purpose of the study: on the background of the analytical study of the incidence of diarrheal infections in Ukraine under the current conditions, to determine the factors influencing epidemic situation. Methods: The reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Main Administrations of Statistics in Kharkiv, Odesa, Zaporizhia oblasts for 2011-2018 are used in the paper. Epidemiological and statistical research methods are applied. Results: The epidemic situation with diarrheal infections in Ukraine is characterized by a low incidence of typhoid fever (from 0.012 to 0.14 per 100 thousand people), shigellosis (from 1.97-6.13 per 100 thousand people), stable incidence rates without the downward trend, salmonellosis (from 17.35 till 24.1 per 100 thousand people), high incidence of diahrreal infections of specified etiology (from 115.5 to141.9 per 100 thousand people) and diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology (from 69.76 to 107.02 per 100 thousand people). The most complicated epidemic situation is observed in economically most developed regions of the country. Most diarrheal infectionsoutbreaks are connected with catering establishments 36.5 % and with children educational establishments 26.1 %. In the region with the highest shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence direct strong correlation relationships are established between the incidence and population, density, natural population movement. The oblasts with the highest diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence are at least provided with water resources and have problems with provision of high-quality drinking water. There is a need to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance over diarrheal infections by extension of the indicators of microbiological study of drinking water quality in the regions of Ukraine, where high diahrreal infections of specified etiology, rotaviral enteritis, diahrreal infections of unspecified etiology incidence is registered; by increasing frequency of food item inspections in the oblasts, where mediana shigellosis and salmonellosis incidence exceeds the average one in Ukraine. Keywords: diarrheal infections, shigellosis, salmonellosis, rotaviral enteritis.

Clinical Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Sanchis-Sánchez ◽  
Rosario Salvador-Palmer ◽  
Pilar Codoñer-Franch ◽  
Jose Martín-Guerrero ◽  
Carlos Vergara-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Healthy Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Orthopaedic Injuries

The study of the diagnostic accuracy of Infrared Thermal Imaging in the diagnosis of orthopaedic injuries in childhood has been motivated by the high incidence of these injuries throughout the world, being one of the most common reasons for urgent medical consultation. Diagnosis of musculoskeletal injuries usually involves radiography, but this exposes children without fractures to unnecessary ionising radiation. This chapter assesses whether infrared thermography could provide a viable alternative in cases of trauma. To evaluate the accuracy of this technique new thermographic variables have been added to those commonly analysed, such as the extent of the injury and the difference in the size of the area that is at an equal temperature or higher than the maximum temperature of the healthy area. Non-linear cataloguing methods (decision tree models) have also been applied. With the protocol presented, infrared thermal imaging had a sensitivity of 0.91, a specificity of 0.88 and a negative predictive value of 0.95 for diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries.

scholarly journals A study of bacterial contamination of rattlesnake venom

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Garcia-Lima ◽  
C.J. Laure
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom ◽  
In Captivity

The authors studied the bacterial contamination of rattlesnake venom isolated from snakes in captivity and wild snakes caught recently. The captive snakes showed a relatively high incidence of bacterial contamination of their venom.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained by Elite Under-18 Rugby Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1191
Author(s):  
Cristian Solis-Mencia ◽  
Juan José Ramos-Álvarez ◽  
Roberto Murias-Lozano ◽  
Mikel Aramberri ◽  
José Carlos Saló
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Rugby Players

Context The physical nature of rugby is responsible for the high incidence of injuries, but no researchers have examined the epidemiology of injuries sustained by elite under-18 rugby players. Objective To investigate the incidence of injuries sustained by players on the Spanish national under-18 rugby team during their participation in 4 European championships (2014–2017) and the types of play in which they occurred. Design Cohort study. Setting European rugby championships. Patients or Other Participants Ninety-eight under-18 rugby players. Main Outcome Measure(s) All injuries sustained during the championship periods were recorded per the World Rugby protocol. Results A total of 40 injuries were logged over the 4 championships. The incidence of injury was higher during matches than during training (P &lt; .05), with 138.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 136.5, 139.6) injuries per 1000 hours of play compared with 1.2 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.3) per 1000 hours of training. With only 2 days of rest between games, the injury rate was higher than with 3 days of rest (P &lt; .05). More injuries were sustained during the third quarter of the game: 13 (44.8%) versus 6 (20.6%) in the last quarter, 5 (17.3%) in the second quarter, and 5 (17.3%) in the first quarter. Conclusions The most common injuries during matches were sprains and concussions, and these injuries were more likely to occur during matches than during training. Most injuries were caused by tackles and occurred during the third quarter of the game. These findings indicate that teams should focus on teaching players skills to reduce injuries caused by tackles and warming up properly before returning to the field after halftime. The injury rate was higher with only 2 versus 3 days' rest between games. These results suggest that young players' matches should be at least 72 hours apart.

Evaluation of different cleaning methods for feline inhalation chambers after bacterial contamination

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2091335
Author(s):  
Friederike K Klenk ◽  
Vanessa DeSimoi ◽  
Georg Wolf ◽  
Bianka S Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Sample Material ◽  
Inhalation Devices ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Lukewarm Water

Objectives Inhalation chambers are commonly used for the delivery of aerosol drugs to cats with respiratory disease. The aim of the study was to identify successful cleaning methods for inhalation devices after standardised bacterial contamination. Methods Spacer devices of two different manufacturers were used: RC Chamber (Cegla Medizintechnik) and Aerokat (Trudell Medical International). The bacterial contamination was performed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previously marked areas of the chamber were contaminated with 50 μl of bacterial solution, containing between 2.2 ×105 and 2.1 ×108 colony-forming units/ml each. After cleaning the devices as recommended by each manufacturer (RC Chamber: special microwave cleaning bag [n = 5] or boiling water with liquid dish detergent for 15 mins [n = 5]; Aerokat: rinsing in a solution of lukewarm water and liquid dish detergent for 15 mins), chambers were air-dried for 24 h and samples for bacterial culture were taken from three defined areas. Sample material was applied on Müller–Hinton agar plates and subsequently incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Results Bacterial contamination was not detected in any of the examined inhalation devices using the recommended cleaning methods. Conclusions and relevance If inhalation chambers are cleaned following the manufacturers’ recommendations, successful bacterial decontamination can be expected.

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