Can Money Buy Happiness for a Family? Family Income, Parenting Style, and Life Satisfaction in Parents and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110007
Author(s):  
Kyoung Min Kim ◽  
Un Sun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Self Report

This study investigated the associations among family income and life satisfaction in parents, and parenting styles, income, and overall happiness and depression in their adolescents. A total of 1,913 participants comprising adolescents (aged 14–16) and their parents were recruited for this study. Participants were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Monthly household income was recorded by an open-ended question item. The life satisfaction of parents and overall happiness of adolescents were assessed by one item each, rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Three subtypes of parenting style (affectionate, monitoring, over-control) were evaluated by adolescents using an inventory consisting of 21 items on a 4-point Likert scale. Adolescents’ depression was assessed with a checklist rated by the adolescents, consisting of 10 items on a 4-point Likert scale. The odds ratio (OR) for life dissatisfaction in adults was significantly higher in the lower (1st and 2nd) quintile groups of household income, by 9.94 ( p < .001) and 3.50 ( p < .001) folds, respectively, compared to the highest (5th) group. In contrast, household income had no significant association with life unhappiness in adolescents. Further, total household income had no significant association with the adolescent’s depression score in linear regression analysis, but parenting style did. While affectionate (β = −0.260; p < .001) and monitoring (β = −0.100; p < .001) parenting styles showed negative associations with adolescents’ depression scores, over-control style (β = 0.120; p < .001) showed a positive association. The results indicate the differences in factors impacting the life satisfaction of adults and happiness of adolescents, and the importance of effective parenting for adolescents’ mental health.

scholarly journals The Contributions of Indigenous Personality and Parenting Style to Life Satisfaction Development in Chinese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengting Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Interpersonal Relatedness ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Global Life Satisfaction

The present three-wave longitudinal study examined the contributions of indigenous personality traits and parenting style to life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents. Seven hundred and ten junior high school students (Mage = 11.39, SDage = 0.53; 53.2% girls) were administered self-report measures of personality, parenting styles, and life satisfaction in Grade 6. Data on life satisfaction were collected again in Grades 7 and 8, respectively. Latent growth model analyses indicated that life satisfaction decreased over time. Regression analyses showed that the initial level of global life satisfaction was positively predicted by personality factors of dependability and interpersonal relatedness; the slope of global life satisfaction was positively predicted by personality factors of emotional stability whereas negatively predicted by interpersonal relatedness. The initial levels and slopes of different domains of life satisfaction were predicted by personality factors and parenting styles to different extents. Meanwhile, paternal and maternal parenting styles had different effects on adolescents’ life satisfaction. The study provided valuable information about the contributions of indigenous personality and both paternal and maternal parenting styles to psychological adjustment in the Chinese context. The implications of the findings concerning the associations among personality, parenting styles, and life satisfaction were discussed.

scholarly journals Parenting Style as Correlates of Adolescents’ Academic Achievement Motivation of Bate Secondary School, Haramaya, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Misganaw Mihret ◽  
Galata Sitota Dilgasa ◽  
Tsigereda Hailu Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Academic Achievement Motivation ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting Style

This study aimed at examining the relationship of adolescents’ academic achievement motivation and parenting styles. Data were collected from randomly selected 192 adolescent students (93 males and 99 females) through standardized scales of achievement motivation self-report inventory and parenting style scale. The data analysis has been done through both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. To this end, finding revealed that authoritarian parenting style is the most commonly practiced parenting style in the families of respondents among other three parenting styles (authoritative, indulgent and neglectful). There is a statistically significant relationship between authoritative parenting style and students’ academic achievement motivation. Significant relationship between authoritarian parenting style and students’ academic achievement motivation has also been reported. There is strong and negative relationship between neglectful parenting style and students’ academic achievement motivation. That it means, neglectful parenting negatively affects students’ academic motivation. As expected, significant relationship between indulgent parenting style and students’ academic motivation was not reported. In the end, some points were forwarded to suggest ways of properly addressing the gaps noted in this research.

scholarly journals Relationship between parenting styles and depression in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Sanchary Prativa ◽  
Farah Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Authoritative Parenting Style ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed at examining the relationship between parenting styles and depression in adolescents. Convenient sampling was used to collect 100 adolescents (Mean age = 15.25 years, Sd = 0.90) from two colleges of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Parental Attitude Questionnaire (PAQ) was used to measure parenting styles and two other self-report measures, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) were used to assess depression in adolescents. From multiple regression analysis significant relationship was found between parenting style and adolescents’ depression measured by one self-rating scale. The overall regression model for investigating the relationship between parenting style and depression in adolescent was significant with HADS, (F = 3.77, p = 0.007) but not significant with SMFQ scores (F = 0.880, p = 0.454). For the dependent variable of depression measured by HADS, the strongest predictors were authoritative parenting style (β = –0.28, p = 0.03) and monthly income of the family which is also significant (β = 0.25, p = 0.01). Implications of the findings for child rearing and research are discussed. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(1): 49-59, 2019 (January)

scholarly journals Family Dysfunction and Childhood Abuse and Trauma among Offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behanan, S. E. ◽  
Rejani, T.G
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Family System ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Self Report

Introduction: In trying to understand the cycle between family dysfunction, childhood trauma and abuse and criminal behaviour, most studies have focused individually on different aspects of family dysfunction. Aim: To assess the family dysfunction and childhood abuse and trauma in offenders. Methodology: The research design used was cross-sectional research design. Sample size: Thirty adults with criminal back ground were selected from the prison. Purposive sampling was used for selecting the sample. Tools: Tools were used individually to assess family dysfunction, parenting styles, attachment styles and childhood abuse and trauma. The tools were Self-Report Family Inventory, Parental Authority Questionnaire, The Relationship’s Questionnaire and The Childhood Traumatic Events Scale. Results: Eighty percent of offenders have undergone childhood abuse and trauma. The predominant attachment style among male offenders was found to be dismissing avoidant attachment style. The predominant attachment style among female offenders was found to be secure attachment style. Among male and female offenders, the predominant parenting style of their parents was found to be authoritative parenting style. Majority of the offenders have reported their family system as problematic. Implication: The study throws light on family dysfunction in offenders and would be beneficial in a future rehabilitation model which could include therapeutic work to resolve childhood distress and trauma.

scholarly journals Worry and Permissive Parenting in Association with the Development of Internet Addiction in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7722
Author(s):  
Barbara Chuen Yee Lo ◽  
Romance Nok Man Lai ◽  
Ting Kin Ng ◽  
Haobi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
State Worry

The Internet has experienced a rapid increase in use globally. Specifically, more than 90% of Hong Kong’s citizens use the Internet, and 70% of children in the age group of 6–17 years have daily access to it. However, internet addiction could pose serious social and health issues. Therefore, conducting research to investigate its causes and risk factors is fundamental. The current study examined the relationship between worry and Internet addiction among children in Hong Kong and investigated the moderating effect of the permissive parenting style on such a relationship. The participants consisted of 227 fourth- and fifth-grade students (120 males, 52.9%) with a mean age of 9.55 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.58) in Hong Kong. Each participant was asked to complete the questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test for Internet addiction, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children for worry, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for the permissive parenting style. The results indicated that worry was related to greater Internet addiction among children. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the permissive parenting style such that the positive association between worry and Internet addiction was stronger when the permissive parenting style was higher. Our findings imply that parenting styles are influential in the prevention of Internet addiction.

scholarly journals Parenting style as a predictor of music preference

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-625
Author(s):  
Emily Warrener ◽  
Amanda E Krause ◽  
Adrian C North
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Musical Taste ◽  
And Gender

Although previous research has established relationships between perceived parenting styles and children’s deviant behaviours and links between these behaviours and a liking for intense and rebellious music, no research has explored the associations between perceived parenting styles and children’s liking for different music styles. Whereas previous research has considered musical taste by looking at a small number of individual difference variables in isolation from one another, the present research used a cross-sectional correlational design to investigate whether parenting styles, the Big Five personality traits, sensation seeking, age, and gender were associated with a liking for different music styles. In total, 336 Australians completed an online, self-report questionnaire. Analyses demonstrated there were relationships between five of the six parenting style variables and five of the music styles considered. This indicates that various parenting styles were associated with musical taste, and the nature of these associations extends well beyond those concerning rebellious music and neglectful parenting that have been identified by previous research.

scholarly journals Work–Family Conflict on Children’s Internet Addiction: Role of Parenting Styles in Korean Working Mother

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5774
Author(s):  
Hwa-Mi Yang ◽  
Hye-Ryoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Family System ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Work Family

Based on spillover and crossover models in the family system, we hypothesized the mediating effect of parenting style in the association between maternal work–family conflict (WFC) and children’s problematic internet (PIU). This is a cross-sectional study using data from the 10th wave Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) in 2017. The study subjects were 707 mothers and their children. The WFC was measured using the Marshall and Barnett scale, parenting style by the Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire developed by Robinson, and the PIU of a child by the K-Scale for adolescent observers. As a result, maternal WFC had a positive association with the PIU of a child. Maternal WFC also had a link with parenting styles. Specifically, WFC had a negative association with an authoritative parenting style, and a positive association with authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. Regarding the relationship between maternal WFC and the PIU of a child, parenting styles showed a mediating effect for authoritative (z = 2.08, p = 0.037), authoritarian (z = 2.71, p = 0.007), and permissive (z = 3.14, p = 0.002). Based on the results, we assert that when planning an intervention to reduce children’s PIU for working mothers, a multifaceted approach is essential, including both WFC and parenting behavior.

scholarly journals Parenting Style as a Key on the Asian Economic Community and Demography Surplus 2020

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilda Fasim Hasibuan ◽  
Bekti Ekowati ◽  
Wilda Fasim Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Parent Collaboration ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Asian Economic Community

Batam is a town city which is called ASEAN gate. Many companies have grown here what makes this city is busy all the time. Environment could influence society activities which increases life necessities. Elderly concepts had gone when father is head of family earn much money to give all the needs of his family. Nowadays, mother must assist her husband to raise family income. Changes of family pattern makes parenting style must be adapted. Miss understanding about parenting style raised of childhood and adolescent problem. It will be influence for demography surplus 2020. Main idea of this research is to develop exclusive parenting style that is relevant to implicate in borderline, busy city, surplus demography challenges and ASEAN economic community. Method of this research is narrative qualitative approach which collecting data used in-depth interview, non-participant observation, and document. Data analyses used triangulation, reduce and display. Subject of this research is one exclusive family when their parent worked more than eight hours nevertheless their children also have high achievement and motivation in the school. Summary of this research such as: they could not use one pattern of parenting style, parenting style could be adjust to new condition, parent collaboration must be balance when father must be as a mother in certain condition, analysis of demography of Riau Island related to individual and community behaviour, mixed parenting styles in the same case, and how to create independent’s children.

Maternal smoking and low family income during pregnancy as predictors of the relationship between depression and adiposity in young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-560
Author(s):  
S. K. Bhat ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
M. Robinson ◽  
S. Burrows ◽  
T. A. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Interaction Coefficient ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThere is an increasing incidence of overweight/obesity and mental health disorders in young adults and the two conditions often coexist. We aimed to investigate the influence of antenatal and postnatal factors that may underlie this association with a focus on maternal prenatal smoking, socio-economic status and gender. Data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (women enrolled 1989–1991) including 1056 offspring aged 20 years (cohort recalled 2010–2012) were analyzed (2015–2016) using multivariable models for associations between offspring depression scores (DASS-21 Depression-scale) and body mass index (BMI), adjusting for pregnancy and early life factors and offspring behaviours. There was a significant positive relationship between offspring depression-score and BMI independent of gender and other psychosocial covariates. There was a significant interaction between maternal prenatal smoking and depression-score (interaction coefficient=0.096; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.19, P=0.037), indicating the relationship between depression-score and BMI differed according to maternal prenatal smoking status. In offspring of maternal prenatal smokers, a positive association between BMI and depression-score (coefficient=0.133; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21, P=0.001) equated to 1.1 kg/m2 increase in BMI for every 1standard deviation (8 units) increase in depression-score. Substituting low family income during pregnancy for maternal prenatal smoking in the interaction (interaction coefficient=0.091; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17, P=0.027) showed a positive association between BMI and depression score only among offspring of mothers with a low family income during pregnancy (coefficient=0.118; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.18, P<0.001). There were no significant effects of gender on these associations. Whilst further studies are needed to determine whether these associations are supported in other populations, they suggest potentially important maternal behavioural and socio-economic factors that identify individuals vulnerable to the coexistence of obesity and depression in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Associations of Experienced Parenting Style and Empathy Among Male Offenders in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaishai Wang ◽  
Huagang Hu ◽  
Xinyang Wang ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Tianyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Parenting style has an important influence on the development of individuals and has been associated with empathy. The present study aimed to investigate different parenting style factors in childhood and adolescence and associated cognitive and affective empathy among offenders, which may help to inform effective intervention strategies to improve empathy.Methods: A total of 994 prisoners were selected for their parents being the caregivers whose caregivers were fathers and mothers, used the Parental Bonding Instrument to collect information on the parenting styles they experienced in childhood and adolescence, and used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate their empathy. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore associations between different parenting style factors and the empathy of offenders, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance and a t-test was used to explore the differences in cognitive and affective empathy with different degrees of parenting style factors.Results: The parental care and control factors in childhood and adolescence had a significantly greater influence on the empathy of offenders than the parental encouragement factor. There were different associations between parental care and control factors and offenders’ empathy depending on whether the parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. When the parenting styles were consistent, different degrees of parental care had a significantly influence on the cognitive and affective empathy while different degrees of parental control only had a significantly influence on the affective empathy of offenders. And when the parenting styles were inconsistent, different degrees of paternal and maternal control had an association with the cognitive and affective empathy of offenders.Conclusion: Different parenting style factors experienced in childhood and adolescence had different associations with the empathy of offenders. Different degrees of parenting style factors also had different predictive effects on offenders’ cognitive and affective empathy depending on whether the paternal and maternal parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. Moreover, the parental control factor had a particular influence on the empathy of offenders. Our findings underscore the pressing need for taking preventive monitoring measures or developing policies to improve parenting styles.

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