Patterns and predictors of serious surf-related injuries in Hawaii

Introduction Surfing is a popular leisure activity with inherent risk of injury that many participants fail to mitigate. There is a paucity of literature reporting severe surf-related trauma and associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective observational study of registry data from Honolulu’s main trauma center assessing surf-related injuries and risk factors for severe injury was performed between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. Results Spine (35.1%), face (17.5%), and head (12.3%) injuries were the most common injuries identified in this cohort. A number of predictors for severe injury as well as serious spine injury were identified. Major risk factors for severe injury and serious spine injury included location of injury on Maui (Severe injury: OR 6.79, 95%CI 1.43–40.35, p = 0.0217; serious spine injury: OR 7.27, 95%CI 1.39–58.24, p = 0.0308) and being from one of the 48 contiguous states (severe injury: OR 3.33, 95%CI 1.10–10.98, p = 0.0388; serious spine injury: OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.08–8.46, p = 0.0379). Conclusion Understanding the nature of surf-related injuries and who is at risk can help to inform safety interventions that may prevent severe, sometimes irreversible injury. Efforts should be made to increase public awareness to the potential risk of surf-related activities.

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Immunosuppressant Drugs And Covid-19: Associated Risks, Drug-Drug Interactions & Contraindications

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796702666210601125131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Debjyoti Talukdar ◽

Diane Ignacio ◽

Madan Mohan Gupta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Immune System ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

International Health ◽

World Health ◽

Health Organizations ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Associated Risk Factors

: Immunosuppressant drugs like Etanercept, Mycophenolate mofetil, Sirolimus, Cyclosporine and Rituximab can weaken the immune system and make patients susceptible to SARS nCoV-2 virus. These drugs make immunocompromised persons more vulnerable to complications associated with COVID-19. Moreover, it can also increase mortality and morbidity, as a weakened immune system can lead to a longer duration of infection. This study discusses the guidelines on immunosuppressant drugs and its associated risk factors with COVID-19, issued by the U.S CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), WHO (World Health Organization), U.S FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and other accredited global health organizations. Moreover, it also includes information about pharmaceutical properties, mechanism of action, COVID-19 associated risk factors, adverse drug reactions, contraindications and drug-drug interactions. Our study will help government partners and international health organizations to better understand COVID-19 health risks associated with immunosuppressants. Increased public awareness about effective drug therapy for autoimmune diseases, cancer treatment, immunocompromised and organ transplant patients will help lower the mortality and morbidity associated with the disease amid COVID-19 pandemic.

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Women from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56830-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nora A. AlFaris ◽

Nora M. AlKehayez ◽

Fatema I. AlMushawah ◽

AbdulRhman N. AlNaeem ◽

Nadia D. AlAmri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30–65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.

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Internet Survey of Risk Factors Associated With Training and Competition in Dogs Competing in Agility Competitions

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.791617 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Arielle Pechette Markley ◽

Abigail B. Shoben ◽

Nina R. Kieves

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Severe Injury ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Training Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Jump Training ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Competition Level ◽

History Of

Objective: To describe risk factors associated with training and competition in relation to frequency and severity of injuries experienced by agility dogs.Procedures: An internet-based survey collected data on competition level variables and training level variables. The primary outcome was history of any injury and a secondary outcome considered history of severe injury (injury lasting > 3 months). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations and final models were obtained via backward selection to identify the strongest associations within variables.Results: There were 4,197 dogs included in this analysis. Injury was reported for 1,737 (41.4%) dogs and severe injury was reported for 629 (15.0%). In the model with competition level factors, jumping 4” (OR: 1.50) or 2–4” (OR: 1.31) over shoulder height compared to jumping 0–2” lower and competing at national events was associated with increased injury risk, while competing 6+ times on rubber matting was associated with lower risk (OR: 0.62). Training level variables associated with injury risk were age starting jump, teeter, and weave training, with the highest risk observed for dogs starting jump training between 3 and 18 months but starting weave and teeter training after 18 months of age.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Many variables thought to be associated with injury risk were not significant in the final model. Starting jump training at an earlier age was associated with greater risk of injury relative to starting after 18 months. It is possible that the high impact of jump training before skeletal maturity may increase the risk of injuries or musculoskeletal conditions. The increased risk of injury in dogs that jump 2–4, or 4+ inches higher than shoulder height may be due to increased biomechanical forces during takeoff and landing. Faster dogs may be at higher risk of injury; handlers planning competition around big events or competing at the national level are likely to have faster dogs, and may be less likely to compete on rubber matting. These data provide valuable current insight into the possible effects that training and competition variables may have on injury risk in agility dogs.

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Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low

Evidence-Based Dentistry ◽

10.1038/sj.ebd.6400753 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Imad Al-Dakkak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.05.2334 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (05) ◽

pp. 668-671

Author(s):

GHULAM MUJTABA SIDDIQI ◽

MANZOOR A NAEEM ◽

M ADIL KHURSHID ◽

Zafar Altaf Jafary ◽

Khursheed Anwer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Care Hospital ◽

B Virus ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Objective: The present study was carried out to screen for prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its associatedrisk factors in patients presenting for various complaints at a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place &Duration: Nawaz Sharif social security Hospital, Multan Road Lahore from January 2008 through December, 2009. Materials & Methods: Atotal of 15403 patients, aged 14 to 60 years, belonging to low socio-economic group were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg)during the study period. Relevant information was obtained through a pre-designed questionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectivesof the study. Patient’s serum was tested qualitatively for HbsAg by rapid immunochromatographic technique (ICT devices, Accurate, USA)according to the manufacturer’s instructions.All sera showing reactivity were then confirmed with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA). Results: HbsAg positivity was found in 488 (3.16%) patients of the screened population. Associated risk factors were: therapeuticinjections (25.0%), shaving from community barbers (15.98%), blood or blood product transfusions (10.04%), HbsAg positive sexual partners(7.99%), dental treatment (6.96%), past surgical history (4.91%), occupational exposure (3.07%), pricking nose/ears (3.07%), H/ohemodialysis (2.04%) and medical endoscopy (1.02%). 5.94% cases revealed no risk factor whereas 13.93% cases had multiple risk factors.Conclusions: A high prevalence of known etiological risk factors for HBV infection in the HBV positive patients documented in our studyshould not go without serious concern. Public awareness programs should be launched through mass media to discourage the malpracticesrelated to risk factors.

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A pan-European survey to gauge public awareness and understanding of head and neck cancer and associated risk factors

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6073 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6073-6073 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. R. Leemans ◽

J. Lefebvre ◽

J. B. Vermorken

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

General Public ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Further Education ◽

Disease Etiology ◽

Associated Risk Factors

6073 Background: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most frequently occurring cancer worldwide yet there appears to be little awareness of this disease amongst the general public in Europe. As part of an ongoing program to fully understand the patient perspective, the ‘About Face’ survey was planned and conducted in collaboration with the European Head and Neck Society to gauge current awareness and understanding of head and neck cancer and its associated risk factors. Methods: A total of 7,520 Omnibus internet interviews were conducted in 7 European countries (FR, DE, IT, NL, SP, SW, UK) in September 2008. Results: Only 23% of respondents overall were aware of the term ‘head and neck cancer.’ While most symptoms of head and neck cancer were recognized; the majority were cited correctly by fewer than half of respondents; 60% believed that ‘head and neck cancer’ includes tumors of the brain. Sixty-one percent of those surveyed underestimated the incidence of head and neck cancer in Europe by at least a factor of 10. While the majority recognized the link between head and neck cancer and smoking or high alcohol intake, far fewer were aware of the role of excessive sun exposure or HPV infection in disease etiology. One in four respondents felt that the consequences of surgery would cause the most distress to a person diagnosed with the disease. Conclusions: There is a general lack of knowledge amongst the general public in Europe of the risk factors and symptoms of head and neck cancer. This is a significant issue that should be addressed as these data suggest that patients may be more likely to delay consulting a physician and therefore be diagnosed with this difficult-to-treat disease at a late stage. Further education of the public on head and neck cancer is warranted. [Table: see text]

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Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults residing in urban slum: a population-based door-to-door study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 887

Author(s):

Swati Jain ◽

Vikas Jain

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Population Based ◽

Research Centre ◽

Training Centre ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: High blood pressure (HBP) is the single most common risk factor for disease burden all over world. In India, HBP has now emerged as a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to find out prevalence of hypertension and its association with major risk factors among adults residing in urban slum.Methods: A population based door to door study was carried out in urban slum coming under field practice area of urban health training centre, Department of Community Medicine People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.Results: The mean systolic BP was 121.4 mmHg whereas mean diastolic BP was 79.4 mmHg. Overall, 64.6% respondents were normotensive, 15.4% were in the category of pre-hypertension, and 5% in stage 1 hypertension (HTN) and 15% were in stage 2 HTN, giving the overall prevalence of high blood pressure 20.07%.Conclusions: It can be concluded from present study that the prevalence of hypertension is quite high. Hence it is necessary to increase the public awareness about hypertension.

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