Which conception of political equality do deliberative mini-publics promote?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Leydet
Keyword(s):  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
The Impact

In democratic political systems, political equality is often defined as an equality of opportunity for influence. But inequalities in resources and status affect the capacity of disadvantaged citizens to achieve an effective political equality. One common thread running through recent democratic innovations is the belief that appropriate institutional devices and procedures can alleviate the impact of background inequalities on the presence and voice of the disadvantaged within those designs. My objective is to achieve a clearer understanding of the conception of political equality that informs a specific subset of these designs: deliberative mini-publics. I focus firstly on the methods of participant selection advocated to secure equal presence. According to what principle is participation distributed? If it is according to the ‘equal probability’ principle, rather than ‘equal opportunity’, what difference does this make in terms of political equality? Secondly, achieving equality of voice is usually conceived in terms of equalising opportunities for influence among participants. How is this objective understood and what does this say about the underlying conception of political equality?

scholarly journals On the New-Old Political Concepts: Re-Conceptualizing and Expanding the Views in Studying Politics Following the Impact of Globalization

SEEU Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
Veton Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article deals with the differences of pre-global and post-global conceptualizations in political sciences. It investigates the functions of political concepts under the changes globalization caused to political systems, culture and ideology. The paper does not engage with the methodological debates on political concepts, or question the undeniable importance of certain political concepts, but rather it addresses some of the principal concepts for which globalization may be a useful concept with regard to their similarities and differences with the Cold War era.Despite the variety of political concepts as a result of various development phases of society, models of governance and ideological impact to the political processes along centuries, the concepts of power and authority seem to be among those that have survived in terms of the consistency of their relevance. However, the conception of politics through power, authority and leadership has been re-dimensioned significantly under the post-global era. By contrast, although the concept of sovereignty has been one of the initial concepts in the landscape of contemporary politics for many centuries back, following the effects of globalization, it has reduced its relevance significantly. In this view, as a consequence, the article discusses as well as the reconfiguration of the concept of state in a post-global era marked by a period of advancing causes—both trans-border and transnational causes—promoted by post-sovereignty states.Under these circumstances the traditional debate regarding conflict versus cooperation in politics is one of the areas remaining within a status quo dimension in the dioptric view of both pre-global and post-global conceptualizations. With a contrastive methodological approach, the article as well analyzes the development and meaning of the concepts of political equality, justice and liberty as indispensable concepts in modern post-global political processes.

Unequal values: equality and race in state of the union addresses, 1960–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney E. Hero ◽  
Morris Levy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Civil Rights Era ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Economic Individualism ◽  
And Gender

AbstractWe analyze the prevalence and framing of references to equality and inequality in presidential state of the union addresses (SOTUs) delivered between 1960 and 2018. Despite rising income inequality and increased attention among political elites to structural inequalities of race and gender in recent years, we find very few direct or indirect references to inequality as a social problem and surprisingly few references even to the ostensibly consensual and primary values of equal opportunity and political equality. References to racial inequality have been few and far between since the height of the civil rights era. By contrast, another primary value in the American political tradition—economic individualism are a major focus in these SOTUs. We trace the scant presence of equality talk in these speeches to the ambiguous scope of egalitarian goals and principles and their close tie-in with race in America. We rely on automated text analysis and systematic hand-coding of these speeches to identify broad thematic emphases as well as on close reading to interpret the patterns that these techniques reveal.

Understanding the Impact of Electoral Systems on Women's Representation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 379-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Thames
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
The Impact

The study of electoral systems is a key area of research within political science. In part, the attention paid to electoral systems reflects their importance to democratic political systems. Electoral systems define “what constitutes” a vote, establish “a rule for how votes are totaled,” and create a mechanism for “translating vote share into seat allocations” for representative institutions (Bawn 1993, 966). These roles mean that electoral systems impact not only how interests are represented, but also how accountability is structured.

scholarly journals Female labor applying by the Maritime Ministry of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-373
Author(s):  
Irina V Sinova
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the issues related to the evolution of the use of women in the civil service at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries on the example of the Maritime Ministry on the basis of previously unpublished documents stored in the Russian state archive of the Navy and periodical press materials. The study of gender issues can be of scientific interest on the basis of its documents, as practically not in demand in research related to the women’s issue. As a result of the struggle of the public, there were some concessions on the part of the authorities related to the expansion of women’s access to fill certain positions in a number of areas that experienced a lack of certain qualifications, including public service, in the conditions of intensive bourgeois development. The article analyzes the legal acts regulating the work of women, especially in the public service. it is shown how the changes that took place in the Russian Empire influenced the transformation of the socio-economic situation of women in General, and, also, became a reflection of the social policy of the state. The article reveals the attitude of the heads of departments of the Ministry to the admission of women to the public service, as well as their opinion on the degree of necessity for the service itself in attracting women to it. The article deals with the arguments of men - heads of departments of the Ministry, related to the impact of women’s work on home life, on the family and on itself, which differed largely by philistine assessments, rather than progressive views. In fact, on the part of the authorities, concessions to women were more imaginary and forced than the result of an objective assessment of their equal opportunity to serve in the public system.

scholarly journals The practice of Cousin Marriage in the Community of Kalola Village, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Muhammd Rizal Soulisa ◽  
Lukman S. Thahir ◽  
Malkan Malkan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

The aim of this paper is to discuss the practice of cousin marriage in the community of Kalola Village, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. This study uses qualitative methods and data was gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and written material. Data analysis was analyzed using grounded theory approach. the background of a cousin marriage in the Mandar tribe community in Kalola Village is a tradition that has been strong for a long time in the community, in addition to the factor of maintaining a large family and protecting property. Meanwhile, the impact of cousin marriage includes both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is to reduce the number of conflicts in the community and strengthen local political systems, while the negative impact is the breakdown of kinship in the event of conflict and divorce and health risks.

scholarly journals From Social Trust and Happiness to Government Trust: The Moderating Role of Political Systems and Governance in the Philippines

PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Erickson D Calata ◽  
Reginald G. Ugaddan
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.

scholarly journals Editorial: The impact of technology on certain historiographic issues

Artnodes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rodriguez Granell
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Media Archaeology ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
The One ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

It gives us great pleasure to present the 23rd issue of the magazine as a heterogeneous collection that brings together selected articles submitted in response to three different calls for contributions. On the one hand, we bring the volume focusing on media archaeology to a close with this second series of texts. The section on Digital Humanities also comprises an interesting series of contributions related to the 3rd Congress of the International Society of Hispanic Digital Humanities. The last section of this issue brings together another set of articles submitted in response to the magazine’s regular call for contributions, including different perspectives on issues that fall within the magazine’s scope of interest. All the sections and research contained here are unavoidably disparate from each other, yet, when taken as a whole, the reader will realise that there is a common thread throughout this issue, focusing on the impact of certain technologies have had on the way we view the past. The historical scope of technologies does not only operate in a single direction, but rather throughout time in its entirety.

Equality of opportunity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Navin
Keyword(s):  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideal ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
Critical Literature

Equality of opportunity is a political ideal according to which participants in some cooperative systems should possess equal access to some advantages at some point in time. According to this ideal, distributive outcomes (e.g., of income, welfare, functionings) should not be fixed in advance, but should result from processes that treat all people equally. Equality of opportunity is an egalitarian ideal, but it focuses on the means by which people acquire advantages, rather than on outcomes. Diverse conceptions of equality of opportunity are distinguished by their different accounts of what it means to possess an equal opportunity, which sorts of advantages people ought to have an equal opportunity to acquire, and which kinds of cooperative activities ought to be regulated by this ideal. In particular, advocates of equality of opportunity disagree about whether equality of opportunity requires only a prohibition on discrimination (e.g., in employment), or whether it also requires efforts to mitigate the influences of some background conditions (e.g., family social status) on distributive outcomes. They also disagree about whether people ought to have an equal opportunity to acquire welfare, resources, functionings, or some combination of these kinds of goods. Finally, advocates of equality of opportunity disagree about whether this ideal should regulate individual choices or only institutional arrangements, and whether it applies only among members of the same society. The concept of equality of opportunity has widespread support across the political spectrum, and therefore most of the critical literature offers objections to particular conceptions of this ideal, rather than to the broader concept of equality of opportunity.

The Impact of Social Injustice on Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Barry S. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Social injustice creates conditions that adversely affect the health of individuals and communities. It denies individuals and groups equal opportunity to have their basic human needs met. It violates fundamental human rights. It represents a lack of fairness or equity. This chapter provides two broad definitions of social injustice. It gives examples of social injustice, both within the United States and internationally. It describes adverse health effects related to social injustice. And it outlines ways in which health professionals and others can work to minimize social injustice and its adverse health consequences. Text boxes describe concepts of social justice, as well as the relationship between science and social justice. The Appendix to the chapter contains the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

scholarly journals Evaluating network importance measures based on the construction spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781401983083
Author(s):  
Yongjun Du ◽  
Zhenggeng Ye ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Yaqi Guo ◽  
Zhiqiang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Estimate Reliability ◽  
The Impact

The construction spectrum is a useful tool to investigate the network reliability, which only depends on network structure and is called structure invariant. Importance measures are efficient tools to quantify and rank the impact of edges within a network. This study considers the K-terminal network with n edges and assumes that edges fail with an equal probability. The article focuses on investigating the importance measures of individual edge for the K-terminal network, including reliability achievement worth and reliability reduction worth, via the construction spectrum–based method. Generally, we establish the equations for reliability achievement worth and reliability reduction worth using the construction spectrum and determine the conditions under which the importance rankings generated by reliability achievement worth and reliability reduction worth only depend on the network structure through the construction spectrum. Similar results are obtained with reliability achievement worth and reliability reduction worth for pair of edges. A construction spectrum–based Monte-Carlo simulation is used to estimate reliability achievement worth and reliability reduction worth. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the application of these measures.

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