scholarly journals Receiving visits in prison and aggressive and contraband misconduct among Dutch prisoners

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110410
Author(s):  
Maria L. Berghuis ◽  
Miranda Sentse ◽  
Hanneke Palmen ◽  
Paul Nieuwbeerta
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Aggressive Behaviours ◽  
Post Hoc

Although scholars have emphasised the implications of social support for in-prison behaviour, and prison administrators worldwide use visitation as a correctional tool to manage prisoner behaviour, a few empirical studies have provided an articulate account of the visitation–misconduct relationship. This study expands research in this field by (a) addressing various features of visits, such as whether, from whom and how often prisoners receive visits and (b) examining two specific types of misconduct: aggressive and contraband. Using a combination of survey and administrative data from 3885 Dutch prisoners, multilevel analyses were conducted. Receiving visits in prison is associated with the higher probabilities of contraband misconduct, especially when partner or friends visit. Receiving visits is, however, not significantly associated with aggressive misconduct, but weekly visits from friends increased the likelihood of aggressive misconduct. Post hoc analyses suggest that visits are particularly not associated with verbally aggressive behaviours, but they are associated with lower likelihoods of physically aggressive behaviours. No significant associations were found between child or family visits and any type of misconduct. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Violence Against Teachers in South Korea: Negative Consequences and Factors Leading to Emotional Distress

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byongook Moon ◽  
Merry Morash ◽  
June Oh Jang ◽  
SeokJin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Verbal Threat

Empirical studies indicate that violence against teachers is a globally prevalent phenomenon and has damaging negative effects on victimized teachers’ physical and emotional well-being and teaching effectiveness. Nevertheless, limited empirical research has been conducted to identify factors affecting emotional distress among victimized teachers. This research contributes to the literature by exploring negative consequence of victimization and factors associated with victimized teachers’ emotional distress in a South Korean context. The results indicate that students’ verbal and noncontact physical aggression are highly correlated with teachers’ emotional distress. Teachers’ gender, student-oriented approach, and several incident characteristics (number of offending students, direct settlement with offending students) are significant predictors of emotional distress caused by either students’ verbal threat or noncontact aggressive behaviors. Directions for future research and policy implications are discussed.

What effects does international mobility have on scientists’ careers? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Netz ◽  
Svenja Hampel ◽  
Valeria Aman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Advance Research

Abstract The internationalization and specialization of science confront scientists with opportunities and sometimes even a need to become internationally mobile during their careers. Against this background, we systematically reviewed empirical studies on the effects that mobility across national borders has on the careers of scientists. Using several search channels, we identified 96 studies – published between 1994 and 2019 – that examine how international mobility influences eight dimensions of scientists’ careers. Listed in descending order of the number of identified studies, these dimensions comprise scientists’ (1) international networks, (2) scientific productivity, (3) occupational situation, (4) scientific impact, (5) competences and personality, (6) scientific knowledge, (7) access to research infrastructures and funds, and (8) symbolic capital. Existing research provides robust evidence of positive effects of international mobility on the broadening of scientists’ networks. Moreover, several solid studies examine the effect of international mobility on scientists’ productivity, impact, and occupational situation. Most of them find positive effects, but some also find no or negative effects. Studies on the other career dimensions are not only less frequent, but mostly also less robust. Our review reveals potential to advance research in the field by using less selective samples and more rigorous methodological approaches. Intending to spur further theory-driven empirical research, we develop a model integrating research on the identified career dimensions and derive various questions for future research. We conclude by highlighting policy implications of existing research.

Shifts in Energy Consumption Driven by Urbanization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Sadorsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Important Milestone

The year 2007 marked an important milestone as, for the first time in history, the world’s urban population passed 50%. An increase in urbanization brings new opportunities and new challenges with respect to business, society, and the economy as increases in urbanization are associated with greater economic activity. One particular area of interest is how urbanization affects energy consumption. This chapter surveys recent theoretical and empirical contributions on the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption. The chapter first sets out the conceptual framework and some empirical observations on the relationship between energy consumption and urbanization. This is followed by sections that provide a more detailed review of the empirical evidence linking energy consumption with urbanization. The chapter concludes with some limitations from existing empirical studies, suggestions for future research, and policy implications.

scholarly journals Are Working Children in Developing Countries Hidden Victims of Pandemics?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Polyxeni Kechagia ◽  
Theodore Metaxas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Research And Policy

The consequences of the recent pandemic have been disproportionately disruptive to several social groups, including children. As developing economies have been firefighting the recent pandemic, the welfare of minors could be affected and children’s economic exploitation and abuse could increase. Therefore, the present research aims to shed light on and to investigate the association between child labour in developing countries and pandemics, including the coronavirus, through conducting a systematic literature review on previous empirical studies. The present research concludes that previous studies on non-COVID-19 pandemics have mainly focused on the African economies, while studies on the recent pandemic have focused on Asian countries. In addition, differences were observed in relation to the methodological approaches and the characteristics of minor employees and the protection services in certain countries have proven to be insufficient. Suggestions for future research and policy implications are presented.

A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF ISLAMIC FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING LITERATURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KABIR HASSAN ◽  
SIRAJO ALIYU ◽  
MUMTAZ HUSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Foundation ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Analytical Frameworks

This paper reviews empirical studies with a particular interest in Islamic finance literature and highlights future research directions. The earlier literature on Islamic finance was built on the Islamic economic foundation of social justice and fairness, which was formed theoretically from the primary sources of Sharia coupled with some analytical frameworks. Subsequent studies emphasized the empirical investigations without including far-reaching analytical and theoretical postulations in the area. Although empirical studies on Islamic banking are plenty, there is a new body of emerging empirical literature on Islamic finance focusing on corporate finance and Takaful, whereas Islamic accounting studies are mostly qualitative. The literature provides a mixed picture of Islamic financial markets and instruments, showing that the Islamic ones perform better most of the time but also perform worse at times than their conventional counterparts. This paper discusses issues that are relevant to Islamic finance and identifies avenues for future research and policy implications.

scholarly journals A Review of First-Year Student Stress and Social Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Rebecca Maymon ◽  
Nathan C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Post Secondary

The present paper reviews empirical literature on stress and social support relative to first-year post-secondary students, published between 1996 and 2020. Empirical studies included in the literature search focused on stress, coping, and social support specifically among first-year undergraduate students while studying in countries adopting North American higher education models comparable to the United States and Canada. This review examines contextual and psychological antecedents and correlates of stress, as well as associated demographic and achievement variables. Furthermore, this review extends to studies on social support categorized by source (peers, family, faculty, institution, and multiple sources of support). A synthesis and critique of the literature explores the themes in the empirical research presented, as well as considerations for future research.

The Importance of Consumer Market Interactions as a Form of Social Support for Elderly Consumers

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Soon Kang ◽  
Nancy M. Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Market Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Elderly Consumers

Elderly consumers are often without adequate social support. Shopping habits may have significant implications for these consumers’ mental and physical welfare. When shopping is seen, at least partly, as a social activity, consumer-market interactions become a widely available substitute for true or traditional social support. By introducing the century-old social support literature and Integrating it with more recent consumer behavior and relationship marketing literature, the authors propose a conceptual framework that delineates the consumer health implications of shopping behavior. On the basis of this diverse literature, they propose several testable propositions. Additionally, they discuss public policy implications and future research directions.

Violent Victimization: The Role of Social Support and Risky Lifestyle

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Andia M. Azimi ◽  
Leah E. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Risky Lifestyles

Although engagement in risky lifestyle and routine activities play a major role in increasing the risk of violent victimization, less is known about the factors that precede engagement in risky lifestyles. The quality of interpersonal relationships is shown to be an important factor that influences one's life. Therefore, the lack of social support may be a potential factor that shapes why individuals get involved in risky lifestyles and routine activities. There is evidence that a lack of social support is linked to victimization and a lack of social support is also linked to engagement in risky lifestyle. What is not understood, however, is how these variables are linked with one another. To address this gap, risky lifestyle factors are explored for their potential mediating role in the link between social support and violent victimization. A path analysis is conducted with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The final sample size is 14,322 and the average age of respondents is 16 years old. Results suggest that social support from different sources do not have the same effects on violent victimization, and only certain lifestyle factors mediate the link to violent victimization. The findings imply that a lack of social support not only has direct effects on violent victimization, but also leads individuals to engage in risky lifestyles that also increase the risk of victimization. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Yogic Intervention in Sexual Dysfunction - A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshith K. R. ◽  
Shivakumar . ◽  
Kaushal Sinha ◽  
Vijeth Kumar L. A.
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
The Mind

Yoga is an ancient practice with Eastern roots that involves both physical postures (Asanas) and breathing techniques (Pranayamas). Yoga therapy for male sexual problems can effectively be treated through Yoga therapy, particularly with the help of Yoga poses and breathing exercises, Yoga has proven itself highly very effective in the treatment of a number of incurable and sometimes terminable diseases. Then again, Yoga's therapeutic effects are just a spin-off and supplementary. Yoga which has proved to be very effective in the treatment of many impossible and incurable diseases, the therapeutic effect of Yoga is only a by product and incidental. Problems related to sex can very well be handled with Yoga as most often these problems are more related to the mind than body. Either they are caused by lack of confidence or stress or fatigue or fear and very few times some physical cause is there. There is also a cognitive component focusing on meditation and concentration, which aids in achieving the goal of union between the self and the spiritual. Although numerous empirical studies have found a beneficial effect of Yoga on different aspects of physical and psychological functioning, claims of Yoga's beneficial effects on sexuality derive from a rich but no empirical literature. The goal of this article is to review the philosophy and forms of Yoga, to review the no empirical and (limited) empirical literatures linking Yoga with enhanced sexuality, and to propose some future research avenues focusing on Yoga as a treatment for sexual disorder.

Emerging Syndromes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Allison ◽  
Jennifer D. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Impairment In Functioning ◽  
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Comorbid Psychopathology

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition, of the American Psychiatric Association (2013) has designated several disorders under the diagnosis of otherwise specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). This chapter evaluates three of these, night eating syndrome (NES), purging disorder (PD), and atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). It also reviews orthorexia nervosa, which has been discussed in the clinical realm as well as the popular press. The history and definition for each is reviewed, relevant theoretical models are presented and compared, and evidence for the usefulness of the models is described. Empirical studies examining the disorders’ independence from other disorders, comorbid psychopathology, and, when available, medical comorbidities, are discussed. Distress and impairment in functioning seem comparable between at least three of these emerging disorders and threshold eating disorders. Finally, remaining questions for future research are summarized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document