Perceptions of Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Guatemala

2021 ◽  
pp. 154041532110241
Author(s):  
Emma Bassette ◽  
Natabhona Mabachi ◽  
Michael Kennedy ◽  
Francisco Mendez-Puac
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Access Cost ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the developing world. Globally, the incidence of CC is 13.1 per 100,000, with the highest incidence of CC seen in sub-Saharan Africa, Melanesia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Southcentral Asia, and Southeast Asia. Little data exist regarding perceptions of screening in Guatemala and how this may affect the likelihood that women seek care. This study aimed to assess the attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs of CC screening in women of Rural Guatemala. A cross-sectional mixed method analysis was administered using a survey given to 169 women in San Pedro La Laguna in Sololá, Guatemala. Results showed that none of the indigenous-language-speaking patients and only half of the bilingual patients had knowledge of human papillomavirus; 97% of women indicated that they believed regular Pap smears are important; only 46.4% of women screened had received a Pap smear at some point in their lives, which is slightly above the national average (39.3%). This is due to barriers to access, cost of treatment, and knowledge of CC. Results of this study display a positive perception of CC screening by indigenous women, indicating that efforts should be made to move toward the implementation of low-cost CC screening methods.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer and its screening (Pap smear) among female students of Orotta College of medicine and health sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Yohannes Mekonen ◽  
Hermon Berhe ◽  
Luam Ghebreab ◽  
Elias Teages
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide that affects developing countries and young women in particular. Out of many types of female cancers, cancer of the cervix could be prevented if appropriate medical interventions are taken on time. Pap smear is a means for early detection of premalignant stages and treatment before the disease advances to a late stage. However, its practice remains unsatisfactory in many countries including Eritrea. Objective: The aim of the study was to illustrate knowledge, attitude and level of cervical cancer and Pap smear practice and associated factors among female students of Orotta College of Medicine and Health sciences (OCMHS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduate students in OCMHS enrolled during the academic year 2018-2019. A total of 252 students participated in the study. Piloted, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess the distribution and to identify associations between independent and outcome variables respectively. Results: Majority of the students, 171 (68.4%), were 18-21 years old and 159 (63.6%) were second and third year students. One hundred thirty six (54.4%) students had inadequate knowledge and one hundred twenty three (49.2%) had negative attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Only two (0.8%) participants had ever been screened with Pap smear test. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, level of education and year of study were significantly associated with knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening methods. Year of study and knowledge levels were significantly associated with attitude towards cervical cancer screening (Pap smear). Conclusions: The study showed that there is a lack of knowledge of cervical cancer, unfavorable attitude towards screening methods and poor utilization of Pap smear. The study emphasized the importance of creating awareness and increasing knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear through numerous health education campaigns and mass media. Hence, it will be vital to integrate cervical cancer preventive measures with other reproductive health care services at all, if not at the highest, levels of health care delivery system.

scholarly journals DR Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Its Screening Amongst Female Students of a Tertiary Institution in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Allagoa ◽  
O. J. Agbo ◽  
A. O. Eguvbe ◽  
P. W. Alabrah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the commonest cancers in women. It is the commonest cause of cancer related death in Africa. It is one of the cancers that have well known screening methods. In developed societies with standard protocol for screening, the morbidity and mortality following the disease have been greatly reduced. There is paucity of knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening methods in Yenagoa. Objectives: To determine the knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening methods in female students of a Tertiary educational institution. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted amongst the female students of Federal University Otuoke. Information about their socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of cervical cancer and the screening methods was obtained using a questionnaire. Results: A total of four hundred and twenty four (424) female students of the Federal University Otuoke were enrolled for the study. The mean age of the respondents was 21.0±3.4 years. The predominant age group was 15-20 years (50.6%). One hundred and eighty three respondents (57.9%) were aware of cervical cancer and the age groups 21-25 years were most aware of cervical cancer. Age was found to influence awareness of cervical cancer. (x2=12.8; df=3; p<0.05). A total of eighty one respondents 26.9% were aware of Pap smear. Age was found to influence the awareness of Pap smear (x2=12.8; df=3; p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that awareness of cervical cancer and the role of Pap smear in the screening of cervical cancer was low amongst the female students of the Federal University Otuoke. Hence the need to make every effort to increase the awareness of this condition and the screening methods amongst these female undergraduates, who are at the prime of their age and at the greatest risk of developing this condition, especially in our societies that lack well organized screening protocols.

scholarly journals Study on knowledge and practice of screening for cervical cancer among women from rural communities in central Kerala, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4165
Author(s):  
Megha Jayaprakash ◽  
Georgy Joy Eralil ◽  
Rajany Jose ◽  
Radha K. R. ◽  
Vijilakshmi A. G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background: Early detection of cervical cancer is possible with Pap smear tests. The proportion of women who undergo Pap smear testing ranges from 68% to 84% in developed countries as compared to India where the rates range from 2.6% to 6.9% among women in communities. This study is to assess the knowledge of women about cervical cancer, its screening, role of doctor and source of information.Methods: Cross-sectional study – observational study of Women attending gynecology camps/op clinics held in rural areas of Ernakulam and Thrissur who are between 25 and 65 years of age Non-random sampling with Sequential inclusion of the women who met the study criteria. A questionnaire devised collecting Basic sociodemographic profile like age, parity, educational qualification, Questions to assess knowledge about symptoms of cervical cancer Questions to assess the knowledge about cervical cancer screening and prevention doctor as Source of knowledge from the subjects. Correct response for questions carried score of 1 mark. So, the maximum was 6 and minimum was 0. The knowledge was graded as: <2 being poor knowledge; 2-5 being satisfactory knowledge and ≥5 being good knowledge.Results: 32.9% of women identified discharge per vaginum as the most common symptom. When 50.9% thought multiparity was a risk factor 30% identified early sexual activity. 2.3% women knew that pas smear screening has to be done repeatedly. 8.3% of participants already had screening done. Only 8.3%of doctors advised pap screening during their consultations. Uptake of pap smear after awareness program was 100%.Conclusions: Awareness classes are needed for increasing the coverage for pap smear screening. The women should be educated about cervical cancer, its screening methods and the facilities available for screening in the hospitals. An Information Leaflet has to be provided to these women in the local language. Training programs should be conducted for general practitioners and gynecologists to conduct awareness classes for the public and also to motivate women to undergo screening at every possible opportunity.

The prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology among postnatal clinic attendees at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12568-e12568
Author(s):  
Boniface Uji Ago
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventable Disease ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology

e12568 Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a deadly but preventable disease. It is still a major gynecologic problem in our subregion. Cervical cytology remains the key to its early detection and prompt treatment. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study of postnatal women to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and their socio-demographic characteristics. Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of participants were obtained. Aye's spatula and endocervical brush were used to collect specimen from the ectocervix and endocervix respectively and smeared on individually labelled glass slides. The samples were treated using the conventional Papanicolaou staining method and reported using the Bethesda system. Researcher-administered questionnaire generated data as well as results of cytology were analyzed using Epi-Info version 3.5.1.0 (CDC Atlanta USA 2008). Results: There were 100 women screened. Three percent had low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Colposcopy done, however, did not reveal abnormal findings. Ninety-five percent of the women had no prior knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear. Two percent of the women had a family history of cervical cancer and both patients died of the disease due to lack of facilities for treatment. Conclusions: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. Women in our subregion are under-screened. Effective screening methods are the mainstay in its prevention. Availability of well equipped gynecologic oncology centers with personnel training are a necessary end to this carnage.

scholarly journals Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Pelaksanaan Pap Smear Pada Ibu Pasangan Usia Subur di Dusun Kemasan Desa Karang Tengah Imogiri Bantul Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Chusnul Khotimah ◽  
Dyah Noviawati Setya Arum ◽  
Munica Rita Hernayanti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cost Factors

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. In developing countries still ranks first as a cause of cancer deathsin women of reproductive age. Pap smear has proved very useful for early detection of cervical cancer since pre-cancerous stage,but many women are reluctant to undergo a pap smear because of ignorance, shame, fear, and cost factors. While the Pap smearcoverage lowest in Imogiri health center II is 0%. The type of research is a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach. Todescribe the level of knowledge and overview of the implementation of Pap smears in women in fertile age couple in the KemasanHamlet Karang Tengah Village Imogiri Bantul. The entire population of mothers in fertile age couple who attended of the PKK andwilling to become respondents in the Kemasan Hamlet Karang Tengah Village Imogiri Bantul. The results of research that themajority of respondents aged> 35 years (51.1%), basic education (50%), does not work (53.44%), obtain resources through onesource (63.3%). The level of knowledge about Pap smears in women PUS (Pasangan Usia Subur) in the Kemasan Hamlet KarangTengah Village Imogiri Bantul 2015 is in the category enough that 72.7% and most did not carry out pap smear that is, 86.4%. Theconclusion that the level of knowledge about the EFA mother pap smear EFA in the Kemasan Hamlet Karang Tengah Village ImogiriBantul 2015 enough and did not carry out pap smear.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK WANITA USIA SUBUR DENGAN TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN KANKER SERVIKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Supatmi Supatmi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

AbstractBackground:  The awareness of Indonesian women to carry out early detection of cervical cancer on a regular basis have been still low. Cervical cancer can be prevented and cured by taking early detection measures because it has a long preinfassive phase. Cervical cancer prevention measures are influenced by several factors including age, education level, occupation and parity, Aims:   analyze the characteristics of women of childbearing age with cervical cancer prevention measures (HPV, IVA and Pap smear immunization) Methods: Quantitative analytic research design with cross sectional approach. The population was 193 women of fertile age in RW 9 Kelurahan Kapasan Surabaya with n Cluster Samples, the sample was 130 WUS. The research instrument used a characteristic questionnaire and cervical cancer prevention measures with a Dichotomy Question. The research variables were WUS cataristic and cervical cancer prevention behavior. Analysis with Chi-Square with a significance level of 0.05Results:  There was a relationship between age and HPV immunization (p = 0.066) and pap smear (p = 0.058), IVA action had not relationship (p = 0.770), education was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.346). IVA (0.005) was not related to pap smears = 0.603) Occupation was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.280), IVA (p = 0.000) and pap smears (p = 0.216), parity was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.003) ) and Pap smear (p = 0.117) meanwhile parity had not relationship with IVA (p = 0.839). Studying the characteristics of WUS is a first step to increase preventive efforts for cervical cancer both primary and secondary prevention   Keyword:  Characteristics of WUS, Prevention, Cervical Cancer

scholarly journals Awareness of cervical and breast cancer among women attending OBG out-patient department of a medical college hospital, Bangalore

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Srikanth ◽  
Kavya G. Upadhya ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Department

Background: Cancers of the cervix and breast are common among Indian women. Majority of the women are not aware of the symptoms or screening methods and report late. Hence the current study was done to assess their knowledge and provide information regarding early detection.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the OBG out-patient department of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Science Hospital, Bangalore over a period of 3 months and 205 women aged 18 years and above were the study subjects. The awareness of the study subjects regarding cervical and breast cancer was assessed using a pre-tested semi-structured proforma. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Among 205 study subjects interviewed, the study subjects who had heard about cervical cancer were 173 (84.4%) and those who had heard about breast cancer were 202 (98.5%). Out of 173 subjects who had heard about cervical cancer, 139 (80.3%) had good knowledge regarding the symptoms and 102 (58.9%) knew about the risk factors. The fact that cervical cancer could be detected early was known to 113 (65.3%) subjects but only 57 (32.9%) were aware of a pap smear. Out of 202 subjects who had heard about breast cancer, 159 (78.7%) had good knowledge regarding the symptoms and 74 (36.6%) knew about the risk factors. The fact that breast cancer could be detected early was known to 143 (70.8%) subjects but only 42 (20.8%) were aware of mammogram.Conclusions: Majority of the study subjects had reasonable knowledge of the symptoms and risk factors of cervical and breast cancer but the knowledge regarding screening test for early detection of these cancers was poor.

scholarly journals Screening of HIV sero positive women for cervical abnormalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3222
Author(s):  
Meenakshi B. Chauhan ◽  
Sushila Chaudhary ◽  
Sunita Singh ◽  
Manasi Juneja ◽  
Smiti Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Precancerous Stage ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Cancer cervix is a leading cause of death among women worldwide. Detection of cervical cancer in precancerous stage is 100% curable. Screening with Pap smear has reduced mortality by cervical cancer in developed countries many folds. The objective of the study is to determine prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) in HIV infected women and observe for associated lower genital infections and their correlation with CD4 counts.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional observational study conducted at PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana for a period of 18 months. 150 HIV patients and 150 age related control cases were taken. Pap smears were taken and analyzed for cervical abnormalities and genital infections.Results: Of the 300 Pap smear 22 (7.3%) has squamous intraepithelial abnormalities and 278 (92.7%) negative for intra epithelial abnormalities. Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial abnormities among HIV positive 12% while among HIV negative it is 2.7%. Cervical intraepithelial abnormalities were found in 40% and 3.5% of patients with CD4 count <200 and >200 respectively.Conclusions: HIV increases the risk of cervical abnormalities. Frequent screening of these patients for cervical cancer is needed.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN USIA IBU DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMEAR DI RUMAH SAKIT PUSRI PALEMBANG TAHUN 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Andriani, Leny Lili Andriani, Leny
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analytical Approaches

ABSTRACT   A Pap smear is an effort to capture the fluid from the vagina to see abnormalities in the cells around the cervix. Every year around the world as much as 400 thousand women are diagnosed with cervical cancer. Risk factors that can increase the chances of developing cervical cancer are age, parity, socioeconomic, education, knowledge and work. Cervical cancer is preventable as long as the symptoms are treated from the very beginning, through regular Pap smears. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between education and maternal age with a pap smear examination at the Hospital Pusri Palembang in 2010. Design This study is a survey of analytical approaches indepeden Cross Sectional where variables (education and maternal age), and the dependent variable (Pap smear) were collected at the same time. The study population was all mothers who had conducted inspections and recorded at the Polyclinic Hospital of Gynecology Pusri Palembang period January 2010-December 2010. The sample in this study using random sampling method with Simple Random Sampling technique or simple random sampling. The results of univariate analysis of data showed the respondents who had a pap smear to check as many as 76 people (43.2%) and who never examined Pap smears as many as 100 people (56.8%). Respondents who have higher education as many as 121 people (68.8%) and who have lower education as many as 55 people (31.3%), and respondents who have a high risk age as many as 140 people (79.5%) and who have age as many as 36 people at low risk (20.5%). From the results of Chi-Square test found no significant relationship between education with Pap smears, where p value = 0.040 is smaller than α = 0.05, and there was a significant association between maternal age with a pap smear, where p value = 0.001 is smaller than α = 0.05. Based on the results of the study researchers suggest that further improve services and health education, especially regarding Pap smears to the community   ABSTRAK   Pap smear adalah upaya pengambilan cairan dari vagina untuk melihat kelainan sel di sekitar leher rahim.  Setiap tahun diseluruh dunia sebanyak 400 ribu perempuan didiagnosa menderita kanker serviks. Faktor resiko yang dapat meningkatkan peluang berkembangnya kanker serviks yaitu usia, paritas, sosial ekonomi, pendidikan, pengetahuan dan pekerjaan. Kanker serviks memang bisa dicegah asalkan gejalanya ditangani sejak sangat awal, melalui pemeriksaan pap smear secara teratur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan usia ibu dengan pemeriksaan pap smear di Rumah Sakit Pusri Palembang tahun 2010. Desain Penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional dimana variabel indepeden (pendidikan dan usia ibu), dan variabel dependen (Pap Smear) dikumpulkan dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang pernah melakukan pemeriksaan dan tercatat di Poliklinik Ginekologi Rumah Sakit Pusri Palembang periode Januari 2010-Desember 2010. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode random sampling dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling atau pengambilan sampel secara acak sederhana. Hasil analisis univariat data menunjukkan responden yang pernah memeriksakan pap smear sebanyak 76 orang (43,2%) dan yang tidak pernah memeriksakan pap smear sebanyak 100 orang (56,8%). Responden yang memiliki pendidikan lebih tinggi sebanyak 121 orang (68,8%) dan yang memiliki pendidikan lebih rendah sebanyak 55 orang (31,3%), dan responden yang mempunyai usia resiko tinggi sebanyak 140 orang (79,5%) dan yang memiliki usia beresiko rendah sebanyak 36 orang (20,5%).Dari hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan ada hubungan yang  bermakna antara pendidikan dengan pemeriksaan pap smear, dimana p value = 0,040 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05, dan ada hubungan yang  bermakna  antara  usia  ibu  dengan  pemeriksaan  pap smear, dimana p value = 0,001 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian peneliti menyarankan agar lebih meningkatkan pelayanan dan penyuluhan kesehatan terutama tentang pemeriksaan pap smear kepada masyarakat.  

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