scholarly journals Bioavailability of Iron, Zinc, Folate, and Vitamin C in the Iris Multi-Micronutrient Supplement: Effect of Combination with a Milk-Based Cornstarch Porridge

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S20-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Kamp ◽  
Doris Jandel ◽  
Imke Hoenicke ◽  
Klaus Pietrzk ◽  
Rainer Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Over Time

The effect of combining a multi-micronutrient supplement with a milk-based cornstarch porridge on the bioavailability of iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin C was evaluated using the plasma curve response over time (8 hours) in healthy women. Three tests were carried out in a crossover design: S (multi-micronutrient supplement), MS (multi-micronutrient supplement plus test meal), and M (test meal). Relative bioavailability was determined as the percent ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) in MS corrected by M, and AUC in S. Compared to S, AUC in MS was smaller for iron (p < .05), for zinc (p < .01), and for folate (p < .05), but not different for vitamin C. Relative bioavailability was lower (p < .05) than 100% for iron (80%), zinc (70%), and folate (85%). The decrease in bioavailability of these nutrients when the multi-micronutrient supplement is combined with a milk-based cornstarch porridge is small. Therefore, the tested meal is a suitable vehicle for the multi-micronutrient supplement.

scholarly journals Effect of Fat and Fasting on Post-Prandial Relative Bioavailability of Vitamin E

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1797-1797
Author(s):  
Ifechukwude Ebenuwa ◽  
Pierre-Christian Violet ◽  
Hongbin Tu ◽  
Mark Levine
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Clinical Research Center ◽  
Serial Sampling ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Fast Group

Abstract Objectives We hypothesized that meal fat co-administered with fat-soluble α-tocopherol (vitamin E) facilitates vitamin E absorption and increases relative bioavailability in the immediate post-prandial phase, when compared with non-fat meals. We tested this hypothesis using deuterated oral α-tocopherol co-administered with breakfast containing meal fat (40% group) and without meal fat (0% group) in hospitalized healthy women. We also evaluated the role of subsequent meals in modulating the vitamin E relative bioavailability by fasting patients for 12 h following a breakfast meal with 0% fat (0% fat-fasting group). We compared area under the curve (AUC) for oral d3-α-tocopherols %enrichment at 0–4 h, 0–12 h and 0–24 h. Methods Custom-synthesized deuterated d3-α-tocopherol was co-administered with breakfast meal with and without fat, with subsequent serial sampling. Enrolled subjects were healthy women hospitalized for 5–6 days at the NIH Clinical Research Center. Results The AUC0–4 h for 40% fat group was more than twice 0% fat group (6.4 ± 1.8 vs 2.3 ± 0.7). This difference was erased following ingestion of meals containing 30% fat at 4 h and 8 h post-dosing, with AUC0–12 h for 40% and 0% fat groups (96.8 ± 10.2 vs 107.4 ± 8.) and AUC0–24 h (254 ± 16.3 vs 301.8 ± 19.7). To evaluate the effect of fasting, we compared 0% fat group with 0% fat-fast groups. At 4 h and 8 h post-dosing, the 0% fat group received meals with 30% fat, while 0% fat-fast group remained in fasting state. We therefore predicted and found significantly higher AUC0–12 h in the 0% fat group compared with the 0% fat-fast (107.4 ± 8.1 vs 41.1 ± 5.2 P &lt; 0.001). Following meal consumption by 0% fat-fast group 12 h post-dosing, AUC0–24 h between 0% fat and 0% fat-fast groups narrowed but remained significantly different (301.8 ± 19.7 vs 207.4 ± 10.6, P &lt; 0.002) respectively. Conclusions Findings demonstrate the effect of meal fat in facilitating vitamin E absorption in the immediate post-prandial state, resulting in increased relative bioavailability. Conversely, fasting decreases vitamin E relative bioavailability. Funding Sources NIDDK Intramural Program.

Acute Effects of Pedaling Cadence at Low Intensity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Lan Yu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Weili Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superior Effect ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractTo examine the acute influence of pedaling cadence on arterial stiffness in young men, 15 healthy men (21.8±0.4 years) underwent 3 trials in self-control crossover design: non-cycling control (CON), cycling at 60 (RPM60) and 90 rounds per min (RPM90). Cycling lasted 30 min at intensity of 35% heart rate reserve. Arterial stiffness in cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured at baseline (BL), immediately after (0 min) and 40 min after cycling. There were no significant CAVI changes over time in CON. CAVI in RPM60 decreased immediately after exercise and returned to baseline afterwards (6.1±0.2, 5.6±0.2 and 6.0±0.2 at BL, 0 and 40 min, respectively). RPM90 elicited significant CAVI reduction from 6.2±0.2 at BL to 5.5±0.2 at 0 min, and reverted to 5.7±0.1 at 40 min, maintaining significant difference to its baseline. There was no significant CAVI difference between RPM60 and CON, whereas CAVI in RPM90 was significantly lower than that in CON at 0 min (5.5±0.2 vs 6.1±0.2, P<0.01) and 40 min (5.7±0.1 vs 6.3±0.1, P<0.05). Despite equivalent exercise volume, arterial stiffness improvement induced by cycling was influenced by pedaling cadence. Higher cadence resulted in superior effect on arterial stiffness.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Bioavailability of Host-Guest Inclusion Complex of Ginsenoside Re with Gamma-Cyclodextrin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7227
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Guolei Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Changbao Chen ◽  
Lili Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ginsenoside Re

This work aimed at improving the water solubility of Ginsenoside (G)-Re by forming an inclusion complex. The solubility parameters of G-Re in alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) cyclodextrin (CD) were investigated. The phase solubility profiles were all classified as AL-type that indicated the 1:1 stoichiometric relationship with the stability constants Ks which were 22 M−1 (α-CD), 612 M−1 (β-CD), and 14,410 M−1 (γ-CD), respectively. Molecular docking studies confirmed the results of phase solubility with the binding energy of −4.7 (α-CD), −5.10 (β-CD), and −6.70 (γ-CD) kcal/mol, respectively. The inclusion complex (IC) of G-Re was prepared with γ-CD via the water-stirring method followed by freeze-drying. The successful preparation of IC was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vivo absorption studies were carried out by LC-MS/MS. Dissolution rate of G-Re was increased 9.27 times after inclusion, and the peak blood concentration was 2.7-fold higher than that of pure G-Re powder. The relative bioavailability calculated from the ratio of Area under the curve AUC0–∞ of the inclusion to pure G-Re powder was 171%. This study offers the first report that describes G-Re’s inclusion into γ-CD, and explored the inclusion complex’s mechanism at the molecular level. The results indicated that the solubility could be significantly improved as well as the bioavailability, implying γ-CD was a very suitable inclusion host for complex preparation of G-Re.

Pulmonary hypertension in patients with a subaortic right ventricle: prevalence, impact and management

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (19) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Van De Bruaene ◽  
Norihisa Toh ◽  
Edward J Hickey ◽  
Lee Benson ◽  
Eric Horlick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveThis study sought to determine the prevalence, predictors, prognostic relevance and evolution of pulmonary hypertension (PH) (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mm Hg) in adult patients with a subaortic right ventricle (RV) in a biventricular circulation (2V-RV).MethodsWe analysed retrospective data from patients with 2V-RV undergoing cardiac catheterisation in our centre between 2000 and 2018. Echocardiographic assessment of subpulmonary ventricular pressures (left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP)), age and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were assessed as PH screening tools. Kaplan-Meier curves examined time to a composite outcome of death, transplant or ventricular assist device (VAD). Data from repeat catheterisations were analysed to evaluate PH changes over time, including the effects of therapy.ResultsA total of 141 patients (median age 39 (IQR 33–45) years, 68% men) underwent 191 cardiac catheterisations. At baseline, 55% had PH (isolated postcapillary 24%, combined precapillary and postcapillary 26% and precapillary 5%). BNP (area under the curve 0.80; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.88; p<0.0001), but not age at catheterisation or echocardiographic estimates of LVSP were associated with the presence of PH. The absence of PH and BNP <100 pg/mL discriminated a subgroup at very low risk during short-term (2.5 (1.3–3.9) years) follow-up (p<0.0001). Diuretics, milrinone and VAD improved haemodynamics over time.ConclusionPH is prevalent in patients with 2V-RV even when asymptomatic. It is difficult to identify by echocardiography and most importantly, is strongly associated with adverse outcomes. PH affects prognosis and transplant options for this patient group and yet is often amenable to treatment. Awareness of these results ought to lower the threshold for invasive haemodynamic assessment and may change the management of failing patients with 2V-RV.

scholarly journals Catechin Bioavailability Is Reduced in Obese Persons Without Altering Gut Microbial-Derived Valerolactones Following Consumption of a Green Tea Extract Confection

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 468-468
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Sasaki ◽  
Yael Vodovotz ◽  
Zhongtang Yu ◽  
Richard Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Tea Extract

Abstract Objectives Green tea extract (GTE) protects against obesity in rodents by reducing gut permeability that otherwise provokes endotoxemia-mediated inflammation. However, whether obesity affects catechin bioavailability and microbial metabolism is unknown. We hypothesized that obesity will reduce catechin bioavailability by increasing microbial biotransformation of catechins. Methods Obese persons (n = 10 M/7F; 33.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and age-matched healthy persons (n = 10 M/9F; 21.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2) completed a pharmacokinetics (PK) trial in which a GTE confection [290 mg epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 87 mg epigallocatechin (EGC), 39 mg epicatechin (EC), 28 mg epicatechin gallate (ECG)] was ingested prior to collecting plasma at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12 h and urine from 0–4, 4–8, 8–12, and 12–24 h. Stool samples were collected and gut permeability was assessed prior to the 12-h PK trial. Plasma and urinary catechin/catechin-derived microbial metabolites were assessed following enzymatic hydrolysis by LC-MS. Results Regardless of health status, relative bioavailability, based on plasma area under the curve (AUC0–12 h), of GTE catechins were: EGCG &gt; EGC &gt; ECG &gt; EC. However, obese persons had 24–27% lower plasma AUC0–12 h for the four catechins compared to lean persons (P &lt; 0.05). They also had 18–36% lower maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of GTE catechins but 12 h plasma catechin concentrations were unaffected by obesity status (P &gt; 0.05). 3ʹ,4ʹ-γ-valerolactone (3,4-VL) was detected in the plasma of all participants, while 3ʹ,4ʹ,5ʹ-γ-valerolactone (3,4,5-VL) was detected in 74% and 82% of lean and obese persons, respectively. Plasma AUC0–12 h for these VL metabolites did not differ by obesity status. EGC, EC, 3,4-VL, and 3,4,5-VL, but not EGCG and ECG, were primarily present in urine and urinary total VLs were increased compared with total urinary catechins. However, 24-h urinary excretion of catechins and VLs were unaffected by obesity. Conclusions Obesity reduces GTE catechin bioavailability and Cmax independent of any change in VL metabolite appearance or urinary elimination of catechins, suggesting a gut-level mechanism that limits catechin absorption. Funding Sources Supported by USDA-NIFA and the Foods for Health Discovery Theme at The Ohio State University.

Absolute and Relative Bioavailability of a Slow Release Theophylline Preparation in Asthmatic Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
A. L Boner ◽  
G. De Stefano ◽  
G. Vallone ◽  
M. Plebani ◽  
P. Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Slow Release Formulations ◽  
Theophylline Preparation ◽  
Plasma Theophylline

This study was carried out on 14 asthmatic childen aged 7–13 years. They all received three preparations (aminophylline by intravenous infusion, lysine theophyllinate orally in solution and slow release theophylline orally as capsules) in a single dose of 100 mg active ingredient in a crossover design. Plasma theophylline concentrations, determined by a fluorescent polarization immunoassay, were evaluated both by compartmental and non-compartmental analysis. After administration of slow release theophylline, its maximum plasma concentration and the time needed to reach this were (± SD) 3.19 ± 0.63 μg/ml and 8.71 ± 2.30 h, respectively, compared to 4.51 ± 0.94 μg/ml and 1.96 ± 0.85 h, respectively, for the oral normal release solution. Mean absolute and relative percentage bioavailabilities for slow release theophylline in asthmatic children were (± SD) 92.7 ± 23.2% and 83.14 ± 14.69%, respectively. These are similar to the values found with other slow release formulations in paediatric patients.

scholarly journals Krill Oil Has Different Effects on the Plasma Lipidome Compared with Fish Oil Following 30 Days of Supplementation in Healthy Women: A Randomized Controlled and Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2804
Author(s):  
Hyunsin H. Sung ◽  
Andrew J. Sinclair ◽  
Kevin Huynh ◽  
Adam A. T. Smith ◽  
Natalie A. Mellett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Lipid Molecular Species ◽  
Long Chain

This is a follow-up of our previous postprandial study and it focused on the plasma lipidomic responses to 30 days of krill oil (KO) versus fish oil (FO) supplementations in healthy women. Eleven women (aged 18–50 years) consumed KO or FO for 30 days in a randomized, cross-over study, with at least a four-week washout period between supplementations. The daily supplements provided 1.27 g/day of long-chain (LC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from KO (containing 0.76 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.42 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and 1.44 g/day from FO (containing 0.79 g EPA, 0.47 g DHA). Fasting plasma samples at days 0, 15, and 30 were analyzed using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. KO resulted in a significantly greater relative area under the curve (relAUC) for plasma EPA after 30 days. Lipidomic analysis showed that 26 of 43 lipid molecular species had a significantly greater relAUC in the KO group, while 17/43 showed a significantly lower relAUC compared with the FO group. More than 38% of the lipids species which increased more following KO contained omega-3 PUFA, while where FO was greater than KO, only 12% contained omega-3 PUFA. These data show that KO and FO do not have equivalent effects on the plasma lipidome.

scholarly journals Vitamin C decreases the obesogenic and hyperglycemic effect of invert sugar in prediabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia MOLZ ◽  
Alana Nunes RAEL ◽  
Maiara de Queiroz FISCHER ◽  
Luana Beatriz LIMBERGER ◽  
Daniel PRÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether vitamin C can help to prevent obesity and hyperglycemia in Wistar rats treated with excess invert sugar to induce prediabetes. Methods: One hundred-day-old Male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 336.58±23.43g were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control, receiving water (C); (2) invert sugar control, receiving a 32% watery solution of invert sugar; (3) vitamin C control, receiving a watery solution of vitamin C (60mg/L), and (4) vitamin C plus invert sugar, receiving a watery solution of vitamin C and invert sugar. All animals had access to chow and water ad libitum and were treated for 17 weeks. Prediabetes was assessed according to two criteria: obesity (based on body mass indexand peritoneal fat content) and impaired glucose tolerance (assessed by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and expressed as area under the curve) . Results: Group invert sugar control gained significantly more weight (p=0.035) and visceral fat (p<0.001) than groups vitamin C control and vitamin C plus invert sugar. Consequently, groups vitamin C control and vitamin C plus invert sugar had gained as little body mass index as group C by the end of the experiment. Vitamin C decreased the fasting glycemia of both groups supplemented with vitamin C and normalized the glucose tolerance of group vitamin C plus invert sugar, whose area under the curve matched that of group C. Conclusion: Vitamin C has anti-obesogenic and glycemia-lowering effects in Wistar rats, which might be promising to prediabetics. Future studies are needed to understand the anti-obesogenic and anti-hyperglycemic mechanisms of vitamin C in prediabetes.

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