scholarly journals Cold cranking viscosity of used synthetic oils originating from vehicles operated under similar driving conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781401880868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Wolak ◽  
Grzegorz Zając
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Viscosity Changes

This article assesses the performance and reduction level of five engine oils available from various manufacturers. The trend and intensity of the cranking viscosity changes as measured in the cold cranking simulator were thoroughly analysed. In the presented experiment, alterations in engine oils appearing during actual operation were noted. The tests were conducted under conditions which can be depicted as ‘harsh’, that is, multiplied starting of the engine, extended engine idling and short stretch driving. All of the engine oil samples were collected from passenger cars of a homogeneous fleet of 25 vehicles. The dynamic (cranking) viscosity was determined according to the ASTM D5293-15. In all analysed cases, there was a dangerously rapid increase (36%–69%) in the cranking viscosity, and the limit values (7000 mPa·s) were reached very quickly (for the mileages in the range of 3000–13,000 km). The obtained results have led to the development of a statistical model, allowing vehicle users/drivers to choose a better engine oil in winter, thus improving the engine’s ability to cold start and protecting it from excessive wear or damage. The test results may help to predict the performance of the engine oil during operation, its service life and an oil-change interval.

scholarly journals Engine Oil Deterioration based on the Viscosity, flash point and fire point for Different Trip Length

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Dana Kareem Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Oil Deterioration ◽  
Overall Performance

Fresh engine oils or engine lubricants lose some of their properties during service, engine lubricant deterioration leads to change in oil properties, which ultimately have effect on engine overall performance.  Therefore, it is very important to characterize used engine lubricants at different using conditions to check the performance and ability of existing oils, which in turn protects engine parts and also designs new formulations to produce better type of engine oil or improve the existing oil. Therefore, optimizing engine oil lubricant changing time is very important for reducing environmental impact but renewing engine lubricant before it is due rises a customer’s cost. In this study, the most significant parameters such as kinematic viscosity, flash point and fire point were chosen to determine the changes and deterioration in engine oil properties. The oil samples were multigrade fully synthetic with SAE gradation 10W-30 grand ecodrive is used in 5 different passenger cars. Having information about these properties are crucial chemical and physical behaviours of engine oils and for keeping engine’s lifecycle. The test results of this work show that after 10,000 km, 10W-30 Delta NL motor oil brand (special synthetic with API SL) oil properties such as kinematic viscosity at cold start, 40 °C and 100 °C decreased 22.92%, 23.61% and 22.92% respectively. In addition, both flash point and fire point decreased 15.6% and 14.22% consecutively for the base properties, and according to the test results this type of engine oil is suitable to use for 10,000 km.

scholarly journals Changes in Lubricant Properties of Used Synthetic Oils Based on the Total Acid Number

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Wolak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Total Acid Number

This article describes the processes of degradation of five engine oils belonging to the same SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) viscosity class but launched by different manufacturers. The direction and intensity of changes in the total acid number have been analyzed. As part of the experiment, the changes in engine oils occurring during operation have been examined. The operating conditions throughout the test can be described as “severe,” that is, frequent starting of the engine, short distance driving, and extended engine idling. All engine oils were operated in passenger cars of a uniform fleet of 25 vehicles. The total acid number was determined in accordance with the ASTM D664. The obtained results have led to the development of a statistical model enabling to calculate average predictive values of the total acid number for a given mileage. The results may facilitate decision-making regarding the service life of engine oils.

scholarly journals Analysis of Engine Oils from Farm Tractors in the Aspect of their Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gołębiowski ◽  
Grzegorz Zając ◽  
Artur Wolak
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Used Engine Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Time Of Operation ◽  
Good Number

AbstractThe paper presents results of research on selected physico-chemical parameters of engine oils from farm tractors based on the date of their change assumed by the user. 17 samples of used engine oil from farm tractors of various producers and with a varied exploitation course were analysed. Oils for research were collected during oil change, registering the service life of oil each time. They were obtained from service points that repair farm tractors in the region of Lublin Province. The studies were to verify whether a decision concerning oil change taken by tractor users after specific time of operation of an engine was good. Number of exceedings of the threshold values of parameters of engine oil which are responsible for correct lubrication were the basis for evaluation

scholarly journals Investigation effect of depressant additives on physicochemical properties of engine oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
S. V. Pashukevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Tractor Engine

In this work, laboratory tests of M8G2k engine oil are carried out with the introduction of SAP 110 depressants by Shell Additives and Lz 6662 by Lubrizol and their impact on the properties of the lubricant in question are assessed separately. During the tests, the values of the following indicators of engine oils are obtained: kinematic viscosity at 100 °C, base number, flash point in an open crucible, pour point and content of active elements (calcium, zinc). With the help of the SI-010 bench installation, the values of anti-pitting properties are indicated, as well as experiments are carried out on the NAMI-1m and Petter W-1 installations, with their help the tendency to the formation of low- and high-temperature deposits in the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the assessment of anti-corrosion properties respectively. To analyze the detergent properties of the engine oil under consideration, a test procedure are carried out on a D-240 tractor engine. Positive laboratory test results give grounds to recommend using M8G2k engine oil containing SAP 110 or Lz 6662 additives for the D-240 engine manufactured by MMZ

Preparation Techniques and Property Evaluations of Highly Air Permeable Needle-Punched Geotextiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Jing Chzi Hsieh ◽  
Jin Mao Chen ◽  
Wen Hao Hsing ◽  
Hsueh Jen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Needle Punching ◽  
Pet Fibers ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Geotextiles are made of polymers, and their conjunction with different processes and materials can provide geotextiles with desirable characteristics and functions, such as filtration, separation, and drainage, and thereby meets the environmental requirements. Chemical resistant and mechanical strong polymers, including polyester (PET) and polypropylene (PP), are thus used to prolong the service life of the products made by such materials. This study proposes highly air permeable geotextiles that are made with different thicknesses and various needle punching speeds, and the influences of these two variables over the pore structure and mechanical properties are then examined. PET fibers, PP fibers, and recycled Kevlar fibers are blended, followed by being needle punched with differing spaces and speeds to form geotextiles with various thicknesses and porosities. The textiles are then evaluated for their mechanical strength and porosity. The test results show that a thickness of 4.5 cm and 1.5 cm demonstrate an influence on the tensile strength of the geotextiles, which is ascribed to the webs that are incompletely needle punched. However, the excessive needle punching speed corresponding to a thickness of 0.2 cm results in a decrease in tensile strength, but there is also an increase in the porosity of the geotextiles.

Voltage Phase Difference Detection for Superconductor Quench

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Shi Feng Wang ◽  
Yi Xiang Yue ◽  
Jin Fang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Development Platform ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Difference Detection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Voltage Phase

In this paper, the actual operation of the superconducting motor and electrical parameters, a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing quench detection method. After that I proposed an innovative detection method - voltage phase difference detection. On this basis, the design phase detection method based on the voltage difference quench detection and protection systems, based on stand-alone test and NI development platform test results, we verify its feasibility of the voltage phase difference detection method, and great superiority.

scholarly journals Rheology of Asphalt Binder Modified with 5W30 Viscosity Grade Waste Engine Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touqeer Shoukat ◽  
Pyeong Jun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Rotational Viscosity

The pavement structure tends to shrink under low temperature conditions and cracks will appear upon crossing threshold binder stiffness. Decreasing the binder viscosity at such low temperatures, by introducing additional oil fraction (aromatics and saturates) in asphalt colloidal systems, may result in improved resistance to thermal cracking. A single multi-grade engine oil (5W30) was used in this study to analyze the rheological properties imparted to binders. Rotational Viscosity (RV) test revealed that after Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) aging, fresh oil and waste oil have a similar effect on decreasing the viscosity of binder and construction temperatures, reducing them by 5~8 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test results showed an abrupt increase of carbonyl concertation when fresh engine oil was used for rejuvenation while waste engine oil was less susceptible to oxidative aging. Dynamic analysis of modified binders proved that engine oil has better thermal cracking resistance but relaxation ability of binders and rutting resistance was impaired. Filtered waste engine oil resulted in a 35% decrement in the stiffness of binder compared to virgin asphalt after short term aging but upper Performance Grade (PG) was compromised by 1~3 °C with 2.5% oil inclusion. Unfiltered waste engine oil proved to have the least overall performance compared to fresh and filtered waste engine oil.

scholarly journals Unbalanced Vibration Identification of Tangential Threshing Cylinder Induced by Rice Threshing Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Tang ◽  
Haotian Zhang ◽  
Yuepeng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Vibration Amplitude ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Axial Vibration ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Cylinder Axis ◽  
Vibration State ◽  
Rice Stalks

Unbalanced vibration of tangential threshing cylinder increased the grain loss, shortened service life of the cylinder, and resulted in structural resonance during the rice threshing process. In this paper, the vibration amplitude and frequency of tangential threshing cylinder shaft were tested, and the vibration state of tangential threshing cylinder was identified. The restricted and working modalities of tangential threshing cylinder were solved by ANSYS software. Then, by comparing the resonance phenomenon between the inherent constraint frequency and the rotation speed frequency, the shaft vibration under the idle condition of tangential threshing cylinder was tested and analyzed. According to the axial vibration and axial trajectory of the cylinder, the inherent properties and characteristics of unbalanced vibration were revealed. Test results showed that when the tangential threshing cylinder was at idling and no-load state, the amplitude of vibration in the feed direction of straw flow was -0.049~0.060 mm, and the average vibration amplitude was 0.013 mm. As rice flowed along the tangential threshing cylinder, the vibration amplitude slightly increased. The trend and phase of each trajectory were similar, although the amplitude of each trajectory was different. The tangential threshing cylinder axis trajectory was flat oval. Unbalanced vibration was induced by the rice stalks in the concave gap.

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