scholarly journals Improving the foundation and practice of reliability engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje Aven
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Reliability Engineering ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Made In

Reliability engineering is today a well-established field, accounting for many scientific journals and conferences, educational programmes and courses, academic positions and societies. There are also many standards which guide the practice of reliability engineering, and every year a number of scientific papers are published which address reliability engineering issues. Yet the area faces many challenges, in particular when addressing systems characterised by large uncertainties, and accurate prediction models are not easily established. We see alternative analysis perspectives being advocated, with varying degrees of theoretical justification. This article argues that there is potential for improvements to be made in terms of both theoretical frameworks and the practice of reliability engineering to meet these challenges and guide reliability engineers and decision-makers. Examples relate to the understanding and treatment of uncertainties, and the use of ideas and methods from risk management. Clear recommendations are provided on how to obtain such improvements.

scholarly journals Theoretical Modelling of Ion Exchange Processes in Glass: Advances and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5070
Author(s):  
Xesús Prieto-Blanco ◽  
Carlos Montero-Orille
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Copper Films ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

In the last few years, some advances have been made in the theoretical modelling of ion exchange processes in glass. On the one hand, the equations that describe the evolution of the cation concentration were rewritten in a more rigorous manner. This was made into two theoretical frameworks. In the first one, the self-diffusion coefficients were assumed to be constant, whereas, in the second one, a more realistic cation behaviour was considered by taking into account the so-called mixed ion effect. Along with these equations, the boundary conditions for the usual ion exchange processes from molten salts, silver and copper films and metallic cathodes were accordingly established. On the other hand, the modelling of some ion exchange processes that have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, including glass poling, electro-diffusion of multivalent metals and the formation/dissolution of silver nanoparticles, has been addressed. In such processes, the usual approximations that are made in ion exchange modelling are not always valid. An overview of the progress made and the remaining challenges in the modelling of these unique processes is provided at the end of this review.

scholarly journals Addressing Poverty in Sudan and Malaysia: A Story of Success and Constraints

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Hillo Abdelatti ◽  
Yasin Elhadary ◽  
Narimah Samat
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Made In

Sudan and Malaysia have shown some socio-economic similarities especially when it comes to the issue of addressing poverty. After independence, almost half of the entire population of both countries were living under poverty line. The successive national governments in both countries have embarked on eliminating the extreme poverty. The aim of this paper is to highlight the policies and programmes adopted and implemented by policymakers in both countries in addressing poverty. The overall objective is to uncover the secret of the success and constraints faced both countries in addressing poverty. To achieve such objective, the paper based mainly on a desk review of recent documents and review of some recent researches' result. The paper has come out with that the similarities between both countries manifested itself in that both are classified as Muslim countries, have an agricultural background, inherited the same legacy as been colonized by British, their communities consist of various ethnic groups and minorities with sharp spatial and ethnic inequalities in income and social class. Despite these, Malaysia has succeeded in reducing poverty from over fifty 52.4% in 1970 to around one per cent 1.2 % in 2015, while less progress has been made in side of Sudan. Moreover, unlike Sudan, Malaysia has managed to achieve the MDGs goals in halving a head before the time determined, while Sudan has long way and it seems impossible to fulfil such objective even after 2015. Our findings have shown that, formulated home-grown policies, rejecting imposed policies by international institutions (World Bank), availability and accessibility of up to date poverty data, ability to implement policies and above all the political will are the main drivers behind the secret of success in the side of Malaysia and vice versa for Sudan. Sudan like other countries has to follow the Malaysia model if the decision makers are serious in eliminating poverty. This paper may contribute to the on-going discussion on poverty and open rooms for more comparative study between nations. Comparative study will help the planners in formulating rational policy, benefitting from exchanging ideas and learning from each.

scholarly journals Lydian Records

1917 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 88-115
Author(s):  
W. H. Buckler
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Made In

The inscriptions here published were in the main copied by me during excursions made in the years 1912–1914. A few are reproduced from squeezes furnished by residents of Thyateira (Ak-hissar) and Smyrna who travelled much in the surrounding country. Of the texts from Philadelpheia (Ala-shehir) four (Nos. 1–4) came to light in 1913–1914 among the materials of the picturesque old Kursum-khane, the upper stories of which were being pulled down. These monuments, with five others (Nos. 5–9), were preserved at the official residence of the Metropolitan of Philadelpheia, by whose kindness I was enabled to take copies and squeezes.Unless otherwise stated, these inscriptions are presumed to be unpublished, but owing to the present difficulty of obtaining foreign scientific journals, this point is in some doubt.

scholarly journals KIAT-KIAT PEMBERDAYAAN PERPUSTAKAAN SEKOLAH

Edulib ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Rosinar
Keyword(s):  
School Library ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Library Design ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Standing Structure ◽  
Academic Area ◽  
Made In

AbstractA combination of experts’ idea-generating, dignitaries in librarianship, and decision makers’ concerns at the level of Government should have been made capable of realizing libraries as the facilitator of teaching-learnig process with promising outcomes. Bright learners by way of efforts made in terms of an ever enhanced curriculum should have been developing to sophisticated personalities and geared towards humans with qualities. What has gone in practice proves to be swerving to some extent in that some sort of comprehensive model of running library services is due needed: a standing structure built in the middle of the scholl; collections including books, non-books, digital; and truly Librarian (i.e. main manager of the intellectual asset). Any most interesting activities possible need to be created to make library an area of “play” being the goal of a means to accelerating a reading habit especially among children in their early age. The librarian’s new paradigm should manage to penetrate the academic area of teachers in order that their collaboration with the teaching staff gives the chance to the library’s functioning in an optimal way.Keywords: School library, school library design, school library activities ABSTRAKPerpaduan rancang-gagas pakar, dignitary kepustakawanan, dan decision makers pada tataran Pemerintah seharusnya telah mewujudkan perpustakaan sebagai fasilitas proses belajar-mengajar yang mumpuni. Pembelajar yang dicerdaskan oleh upaya pencanggihan kurikulum sekolah seyogianya bertumbuh menjadi pribadi yang unggul dan berkembang ke arah insan yang berkualitas. Kenyataan di lapangan saat ini memerlukan suatu model menyeluruh penyelenggaraan perpustakaan: gedung yang berdiri tegap ditengah-tengah sekolah; koleksi buku, non-buku, digital; dan Pustakawan (baca: pengelola utama aset intelektual) seutuhnya. Kegiatan-kegiatan menarik harus dikreasikan untuk menjadikan perpustakaan sebagai area “bermain” yang dimaksudkan sebagai ajang penumbuhan minat baca terutama pembelajar usia dini. Paradigma baru Pustakawan selayaknya merambah ke wilayah akademik pengajar agar kolaborasinya kelak berimbas pada berfungsinya perpustakaan secara optimal.Kata kunci: Perpustakaan sekolah, tata ruang perpustakaan sekolah, kegiatan perpustakaan sekolah

scholarly journals CRISTOFORI. SIMIONESCU, FOUNDER OF THE ROMANIAN SCHOOL OF MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Lavinel G. IONESCU
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Macromolecular Chemistry ◽  
The World ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations ◽  
Scientific Periodicals

Prof. Cristo/or L Simionescu was born in Dumbraveni, County of Suceava, Bucovina, Romania on July 17, 1920 and passed away in Jassy on August 6, 2007. He graduated from the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy in 1944, obtained the Doctoral Degree in Technical Sciences from the same institution in 1948, and served as a faculty member in Jassy for over fifty (50) years. He held various other positions including Rector, Vice-President and President of the Academy of Romania, and Director of the "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry. He has supervised more than one hundred (100) doctoral dissertations, published over eight hundred (800) scientific papers, and authored or co-authored more than twenty-seven (27) hooks. He was a member of many academies and learned societies throughout the world, Editor of many scientific journals, and received many prizes and awards. Prof. Cristo/or L Simionescu served on the Editorial Board of many international scientific periodicals, including the Southern BrazHian Journal of Chemistry. He is generally considered the father of macromolecular chemistry in Romania.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Inappropriate Image Duplication in Biomedical Research Publications

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Bik ◽  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Ferric C. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Actual Prevalence

ABSTRACT Inaccurate data in scientific papers can result from honest error or intentional falsification. This study attempted to determine the percentage of published papers that contain inappropriate image duplication, a specific type of inaccurate data. The images from a total of 20,621 papers published in 40 scientific journals from 1995 to 2014 were visually screened. Overall, 3.8% of published papers contained problematic figures, with at least half exhibiting features suggestive of deliberate manipulation. The prevalence of papers with problematic images has risen markedly during the past decade. Additional papers written by authors of papers with problematic images had an increased likelihood of containing problematic images as well. As this analysis focused only on one type of data, it is likely that the actual prevalence of inaccurate data in the published literature is higher. The marked variation in the frequency of problematic images among journals suggests that journal practices, such as prepublication image screening, influence the quality of the scientific literature.

Building resilience for food service businesses in times of crisis: a Four-F action plan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananya Bhattacharya ◽  
Ambika Zutshi ◽  
Ali Bavik
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Service Businesses

Purpose This paper aims to propose a “Four-F (finding facts, fostering alternates, fulfilling implementation and feasibility testing)” action plan to global food service businesses (FSB) such as restaurants (dine-in/take away) to build resilience during times of global crises. The 2019 Coronavirus disease and FSBs apply as working examples elaborating the proposed Four-F action plan with several managerial implications for the internal and external stakeholders of FSBs. Design/methodology/approach The method involves reviewing and coding 108 articles using the PRISMA approach, then applying findings to develop the Four-F action plan integrating multiple theoretical concepts (such as stakeholder, crisis management and dynamic capabilities). Findings There are two key findings. First, though all four crisis phases should be considered by decision-makers as part of their contingency planning process, the pre and post-crisis stages need higher attention. Second, the Four-F action plan provides specific recommendations to FSBs stakeholders (consumers, suppliers and government) for each crisis phase (pre-crisis, crisis emergence, crisis occurrence and post-crisis). Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that has incorporated multiple theoretical frameworks (stakeholder theory, crisis management and dynamic capabilities) within the FSBs context and provided the Four-F action plan for decision-makers to understand and manage crisis phases.

D Minus Months: Strategic Planning for Weather-Sensitive Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D. Regnier ◽  
Joel W. Feldmeier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Sequential Decisions ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Made In

General Eisenhower’s decisions to postpone and, one day later, to launch the “D-Day” invasion of Normandy are a gripping illustration of sequential decisions under uncertainty, suitable for any introductory decision analysis class. They’re also the archetypal example of weather-sensitive decision making using a forecast. This paper develops a framework for analyzing weather-sensitive decisions with a focus on the less-familiar strategic decisions that determine how forecasts are produced and what operational alternatives are available so that decision makers can extract value from forecasts. We tell the story of the decisions made in the months before D-Day regarding how to set up the forecasting process and the myriad decisions implicating nation-level resources that prepared Allied forces not just to invade, but to hold open that decision until the last possible hour so that Eisenhower and his staff could use the critical forecasts. Finally, we overview the current state of the weather-forecasting enterprise, the current challenges of interest to decision analysts, and what this means for decision analysts seeking opportunities to help the weather enterprise improve forecasts and to help operational decision makers extract more value from modern weather forecasts.

How Do Observers Assess Resolve?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Kertzer ◽  
Jonathan Renshon ◽  
Keren Yarhi-Milo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Credibility Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Alternative Research ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Costly Signals ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

ABSTRACTDespite a plethora of theoretical frameworks, IR scholars have struggled with the question of how observers assess resolve. We make two important contributions in this direction. Conceptually, we develop an integrative framework that unites otherwise disconnected theories, viewing them as a set of heuristics actors use to simplify information-rich environments. Methodologically, we employ a conjoint experiment that provides empirical traction impossible to obtain using alternative research designs. We find that ordinary citizens are ‘intuitive deterrence theorists’ who focus to a great extent on capabilities, stakes, signals and past actions in judging resolve. We also find that observers see democracies as less resolved than autocracies (not more), casting doubt on key propositions of democratic credibility theory. Finally, a conceptual replication shows that a group of elite decision makers converge with the US public in how they interpret costly signals, and in viewing democracies as less resolved than autocracies.

scholarly journals Group multicriteria model for allocating resources to combat drought in the Brazilian semi-arid region

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edson Espíndola Gonçalo ◽  
Danielle Costa Morais
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Multicriteria Model ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe world is facing a growing water scarcity problem in the most diverse regions. The Rio Grande do Norte (RN), a Brazilian semi-arid region, is facing its severest drought in the last 100 years. Given this context, managing water resources and combating the effects of the drought have become even more important. Decisions made in this context may involve multiple criteria established by more than one decision-maker. To tackle this issue, a multicriteria model for group decisions is proposed in order to rank the municipalities of the region and thus guide the public administration's efforts in tackling the drought and mitigating its effects. The applicability of the model is exemplified by studying the Apodi-Mossoró river basin, for which the PROMETHEE GDSS method was selected and the preferences of three decision-makers were calculated.

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