scholarly journals Medicinal Plants Used by a Mbyá-Guarani Tribe against Infections: Activity on KPC-Producing Isolates and Biofilm-Forming Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Lia Costa Brandelli ◽  
Vanessa Bley Ribeiro ◽  
Karine Rigon Zimmer ◽  
Afonso Luís Barth ◽  
Tiana Tasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase ◽  
Mbya Guarani ◽  
First Time ◽  
Maytenus Ilicifolia

The traditional use of medicinal plants for treatment of infectious diseases by an indigenous Mbyá-Guarani tribe from South Brazil was assessed by evaluating the antibiotic and antibiofilm activities against relevant bacterial pathogens. Aqueous extracts from 10 medicinal plants were prepared according to indigenous Mbyá-Guarani traditional uses. To evaluate antibiotic (OD600) and antibiofilm (crystal violet method) activities, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 and seven multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacterial clinical isolates were challenged with the extracts. Furthermore, the susceptibility profile of KPC-producing bacteria and the ability of these isolates to form biofilm were evaluated. The plants Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Maytenus ilicifolia, Bidens pilosa and Verbena sp. showed the best activity against bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The majority of KPC-producing isolates, which showed strong ability to form biofilm and a multidrug resistance profile, was inhibited by more than 50% by some extracts. The Enterobacter cloacae (KPC 05) clinical isolate was the only one resistant to all extracts. This study confirms the importance of indigenous traditional medicinal knowledge and describes for the first time the ability of these plants to inhibit biofilm formation and/or bacterial growth of multi-drug resistant KPC-producing isolates.

scholarly journals Fructose Enhanced Reduction of Bacterial Growth on Nanorough Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 1498 ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gozde Durmus ◽  
Erik N. Taylor ◽  
Kim M. Kummer ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Stimulation ◽  
Antibacterial Surfaces ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTBiofilms are a major source of medical device-associated infections, due to their persistent growth and antibiotic resistance. Recent studies have shown that engineering surface nanoroughness has great potential to create antibacterial surfaces. In addition, stimulation of bacterial metabolism increases the efficacy of antibacterial agents to eradicate biofilms. In this study, we combined the antibacterial effects of nanorough topographies with metabolic stimulation (i.e., fructose metabolites) to further decrease bacterial growth on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces, without using antibiotics. We showed for the first time that the presence of fructose on nanorough PVC surfaces decreased planktonic bacteria growth and biofilm formation after 24 hours. Most importantly, a 60% decrease was observed on nanorough PVC surfaces soaked in a 10 mM fructose solution compared to conventional PVC surfaces. In this manner, this study demonstrated that bacteria growth can be significantly decreased through the combined use of fructose and nanorough surfaces and thus should be further studied for a wide range of antibacterial applications.

scholarly journals Remarkable Anti-Trichomonas vaginalisActivity of Plants Traditionally Used by the Mbyá-Guarani Indigenous Group in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Lia Costa Brandelli ◽  
Patrícia de Brum Vieira ◽  
Alexandre José Macedo ◽  
Tiana Tasca
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Kinetic Growth ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Mbya Guarani ◽  
First Time

Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellate protozoan, is the causative agent of trichomonosis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Taking into account the increased prevalence of metronidazole-resistant isolates, alternative drugs are essential for the successful treatment. Natural products are the source of most new drugs, and popular wisdom about the use of medicinal plants is a powerful tool in this search. In this study, the activity of 10 medicinal plants extensively used in daily life by Mbyá-Guarani indigenous group was evaluated against seven differentT. vaginalisisolates. Among the aqueous extracts tested,Verbenasp. (Guachu ka'ain Mbyá-Guarani language) andCampomanesia xanthocarpa(Guavirain Mbyá-Guarani language) showed the highest activity againstT. vaginaliswith MIC value of 4.0 mg/mL reaching 100% of efficacy against the parasite. The kinetic growth assays showed that the extracts promoted complete growth abolishment after 4 h of incubation. In addition, the extracts tested did not promote a significant hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Our results show for the first time the potential activity ofVerbenasp. andC. xanthocarpaagainstT. vaginalis. In addition, this study demonstrates that indigenous knowledge is an important source of new prototype antiprotozoal agents.

scholarly journals Identificação das Espécies Comercializadas como “Espinheira-Santa” em Comércios Populares do Grande Rio e Baixada Fluminense – RJ, Brasil

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Diana Kelly Dias Caldas ◽  
Wellington Rodrigues De Matos
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
The State ◽  
Local People ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Maytenus Ilicifolia

Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek é conhecida, popularmente, como "Espinheira-santa", pertence à família Celastraceae, e é encontrada predominantemente na Região Sul do Brasil. Tradicionalmente é utilizada pela população por possuir eficientes propriedades farmacológicas contra afecções gástricas e várias outras enfermidades. Há uma acentuada semelhança morfológica entre outras espécies de Maytenus Mol. e outras taxas como Zollernia ilicifolia (Brong.) Vogel (Fabaceae) e Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C. Burger & Lanj. & Wess. Boer (Moraceae), principalmente, por apresentarem folhas coriáceas, com margens espinescentes, levando-as a serem confundidas e comercializadas erroneamente em mercados populares de ervas medicinais. Foram adquiridas amostras comerciais de 11 pontos de venda, nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Pavuna e Nova Iguaçu, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Observou-se que todas as amostras avaliadas pertencem ao gênero Sorocea A. St.-Hil. (Moraceae). Este resultado aponta para a necessidade de certificação desse tipo de produto. Palavras-chave: Maytenus ilicifolia. Plantas Medicinais. Afecções Gástricas. AbstractMaytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek is popularly known as "Espinheira-santa". This specie belongs to the Celastraceae family and it’s found predominantly in southern Brazil. The traditional use of this plant by local people is mainly due to its efficient pharmacological properties against stomach disorders and many other diseases. There is a morphological similarity on the leathery leaves with spiny margins between Maytenus ilicifolia  and other species Maytenus Mol. and other taxa such as Zollernia ilicifolia (Brong.) Vogel (Fabaceae) and Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) WC Burger & Lanj. & Wess. Boer (Moraceae).  This similarity has caused confusion  and sold mistankenly in popular markets of medicinal herbs. Commercial samples from  11 stores were purchased in the cities of  Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Pavuna and Nova Iguaçu, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was  observed that all samples belong to the genus Sorocea A. St.-Hil. (Moraceae). This result points to the need for certification of this type of product. Keywords: Celastraceae Maytenus. Medicinal Plants. Stomach Disorders.

scholarly journals Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Drugs against Drug-Resistant Candida sp.

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Anna Herman ◽  
Andrzej Przemysław Herman
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Current State

Clinical isolates of Candida yeast are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections resistant to certain antifungal drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to detect more effective antifungal agents that would be successful in overcoming such infections. Among them are some herbal products and their active constituents.The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge onherbal products and their active constituents havingantifungal activity against drug-resistant Candida sp. used alone and in combination with antifungal drugs.The possible mechanisms of their action on drug-resistant Candida sp. including (1) inhibition of budding yeast transformation into hyphae; (2) inhibition of biofilm formation; (3) inhibition of cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane biosynthesis; (4) ROS production; and (5) over-expression of membrane transporters will be also described.

scholarly journals Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Agents Targeting LuxS in the Quorum Sensing System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110196
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Jincai Wang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Yiqun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

Biofilm formation is considered as a crucial factor in various oral diseases, such as dental caries. The quorum sensing (QS) signaling system was proved to have a crucial role in the microbial dental plaque biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans). LuxS was critical to regulating the QS system and survival of the bacterium, and, therefore, compounds which target LuxS may be a potential therapy for dental caries. The binding activities of 37,170 natural compounds to LuxS were virtually screened in this study. Baicalein and paeonol were chosen for further research of the binding mode and ΔG values with LuxS. Both baicalein and paeonol inhibited the biofilm formation without influence on the growth of S. mutans. Baicalein also distinctly reduced the production of both rhamnolipids and acids. The results provide us with a new approach to combat dental caries instead of the traditional use of antibacterial chemicals.

scholarly journals The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Sims K. Lawson ◽  
Prabodh Satyal ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gaultheria Procumbens

As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of Agastache foeniculum (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and Verbena hastata L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of A. foeniculum was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the G. procumbens essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in H. helianthoides (42%) and L. spicata (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in P. incanum essential oil. The essential oil of S. uvedalia showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. Verbena hastata essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, H. helianthoides, L. spicata, P. incanum, and V. hastata, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Marinobacter sp. TT1 Reveals Corexit Impacts on Hydrocarbon Metabolism, Chemotactic Motility, and Biofilm Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Saskia Rughöft ◽  
Nico Jehmlich ◽  
Tony Gutierrez ◽  
Sara Kleindienst
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
First Time

The application of chemical dispersants during marine oil spills can affect the community composition and activity of marine microorganisms. Several studies have indicated that certain marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, such as Marinobacter spp., can be inhibited by chemical dispersants, resulting in lower abundances and/or reduced biodegradation rates. However, a major knowledge gap exists regarding the mechanisms underlying these physiological effects. Here, we performed comparative proteomics of the Deepwater Horizon isolate Marinobacter sp. TT1 grown under different conditions. Strain TT1 received different carbon sources (pyruvate vs. n-hexadecane) with and without added dispersant (Corexit EC9500A). Additional treatments contained crude oil in the form of a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) or chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF; with Corexit). For the first time, we identified the proteins associated with alkane metabolism and alginate biosynthesis in strain TT1, report on its potential for aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and present a protein-based proposed metabolism of Corexit components as carbon substrates. Our findings revealed that Corexit exposure affects hydrocarbon metabolism, chemotactic motility, biofilm formation, and induces solvent tolerance mechanisms, like efflux pumps, in strain TT1. This study provides novel insights into dispersant impacts on microbial hydrocarbon degraders that should be taken into consideration for future oil spill response actions.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Activities of Two Endemic Nepeta Species and Their Major Iridoids Isolated from Natural Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Neda Aničić ◽  
Uroš Gašić ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Ana Ćirić ◽  
Marija Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
First Time

Two Balkan Peninsula endemics, Nepeta rtanjensis and N. argolica subsp. argolica, both characterized by specialized metabolite profiles predominated by iridoids and phenolics, are differentiated according to the stereochemistry of major iridoid aglycone nepetalactone (NL). For the first time, the present study provides a comparative analysis of antimicrobial and immunomodulating activities of the two Nepeta species and their major iridoids isolated from natural sources—cis,trans-NL, trans,cis-NL, and 1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid (1,5,9-eDLA), as well as of phenolic acid rosmarinic acid (RA). Methanol extracts and pure iridoids displayed excellent antimicrobial activity against eight strains of bacteria and seven strains of fungi. They were especially potent against food-borne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Targeted iridoids were efficient agents in preventing biofilm formation of resistant P. aeruginosa strain, and they displayed additive antimicrobial interaction. Iridoids are, to a great extent, responsible for the prominent antimicrobial activities of the two Nepeta species, although are probably minor contributors to the moderate immunomodulatory effects. The analyzed iridoids and RA, individually or in mixtures, have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical industry as potent antimicrobials, and in the food industry to increase the shelf life and safety of food products.

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