Statistically significant? Let us recognize that estimates of tested effects are uncertain

2021 ◽  
pp. 205157072110407
Author(s):  
Alain Bultez ◽  
Christian Derbaix ◽  
Jean-Luc Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Direct Measure

Haven’t all of us dreamt of concluding that our results be statistically significant, that is, characterized by a p-value lying below an arbitrary threshold, most often [Formula: see text]? In this article, we, first, deplore that p has been largely misunderstood, and that its misinterpretation has entailed a fallacious dichotomization and an understatement of the uncertainty prevailing about the effect tested. Next, we introduce and explain a brand-new – direct – measure of the plausibility of the effect under study. Then, we illustrate the relevance of this indicator by revisiting a recently published marketing research case. We also insist on the necessity to contextualize it, using complementary credibility intervals graphically contrasted. Beyond making researchers aware of the exact meaning of test-related probabilities, the delineated approach invites them to formulate their inferences with prudence and modesty acknowledging how uncertain these are.

scholarly journals The Importance of Marketing Research Practices on the Performance of Tanzanian Manufacturing SMEs.

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Upendo Brilliant Cornell Nyamanza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Agents

Despite increased competition across the globe, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are generally said to be behindhand in the execution of formal marketing research. This study, investigated the importance of marketing research practices on the performance of manufacturing SMEs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Within quantitative method, an analyticalsurvey design was adopted and data was randomly collected from 200 SMEs using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, T-test, and regression analyses through SPSS software: 21 Findings confirm that the majority of manufacturing SMEs in Dar es Salaam do implement marketing research activities in unstructured way. However, an independent t-test reveal that a significant difference exists at 5% level with SMEs which adopts formal marketing research being more likely to grow (p-value = 0.009). Further, the majority of SMEs utilises marketing research information generated by external agents based on personal networks due to pressure from competitive environment and resource constraints. This way, there are no statistical and significant relationships between SMEs performance and the extent of utilising marketing research data generated by external agents at 5% level of chi-square statistics (Χ2 = 14.975; 4 d.f.). Consequently, the regression analysis indicates a significant value less than 0.05 with an adjusted R-square of 0.029. In lieu of this, the extent of executing marketing research activities are on average associated with the performance of SMEs. This is similar to the work of others (Ghouri, Khan, Malik, and Razzaq, 2011; McLarty, Pichanic, and Srpova, 2012) and the underlying theories of marketing by SMEs. The paper proposes a model that can be used to explain the influence of marketing research practices on the performance of SMEs. Also, some recommendations to policy design and marketing practioners including areas for further research are proposed.

D-test: A New Test for Analyzing Scale Invariance Using Symbolic Dynamics and Symbolic Entropy

Methodology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Martínez ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Marín
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Dynamics ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.

Total Hospital Costs and Readmission Rate of Patient-Specific Instrument in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Thomas ◽  
Ankur Patel ◽  
Corey Patrick ◽  
Gary Delhougne
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Hospital Cost ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total Hospital Cost ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Total Knee

AbstractDespite advancements in surgical technique and component design, implant loosening, stiffness, and instability remain leading causes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) failure. Patient-specific instruments (PSI) aid in surgical precision and in implant positioning and ultimately reduce readmissions and revisions in TKA. The objective of the study was to evaluate total hospital cost and readmission rate at 30, 60, 90, and 365 days in PSI-guided TKA patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent a primary TKA for osteoarthritis from the Premier Perspective Database between 2014 and 2017 Q2. TKA with PSI patients were identified using appropriate keywords from billing records and compared against patients without PSI. Patients were excluded if they were < 21 years of age; outpatient hospital discharges; evidence of revision TKA; bilateral TKA in same discharge or different discharges. 1:1 propensity score matching was used to control patients, hospital, and clinical characteristics. Generalized Estimating Equation model with appropriate distribution and link function were used to estimate hospital related cost while logistic regression models were used to estimate 30, 60, and 90 days and 1-year readmission rate. The study matched 3,358 TKAs with PSI with TKA without PSI patients. Mean total hospital costs were statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) lower for TKA with PSI ($14,910; 95% confidence interval [CI]: $14,735–$15,087) than TKA without PSI patients ($16,018; 95% CI: $15,826–$16,212). TKA with PSI patients were 31% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51–0.95; p-value = 0.0218) less likely to be readmitted at 30 days; 35% (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50–0.86; p-value = 0.0022) less likely to be readmitted at 60 days; 32% (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53–0.88; p-value = 0.0031) less likely to be readmitted at 90 days; 28% (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60–0.86; p-value = 0.0004) less likely to be readmitted at 365 days than TKA without PSI patients. Hospitals and health care professionals can use retrospective real-world data to make informed decisions on using PSI to reduce hospital cost and readmission rate, and improve outcomes in TKA patients.

Isolated Liner Revision for Total Knee Arthroplasty Instability: A Road That Should Remain Less Taken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Tegethoff ◽  
Rafael Walker-Santiago ◽  
William M. Ralston ◽  
James A. Keeney
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Component ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Component Revision

AbstractIsolated polyethylene liner exchange (IPLE) is infrequently selected as a treatment approach for patients with primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prosthetic joint instability. Potential advantages of less immediate surgical morbidity, faster recovery, and lower procedural cost need to be measured against reoperation and re-revision risk. Few published studies have directly compared IPLE with combined tibial and femoral component revision to treat patients with primary TKA instability. After obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval, we performed a retrospective comparison of 20 patients treated with IPLE and 126 patients treated with tibial and femoral component revisions at a single institution between 2011 and 2018. Patient demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, time to initial revision TKA, and reoperation (90 days, <2 years, and >2 years) were assessed using paired Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test with a p-value <0.01 used to determine significance. Patients undergoing IPLE were more likely to undergo reoperation (60.0 vs. 17.5%, p = 0.001), component revision surgery (45.0 vs. 8.7%, p = 0.002), and component revision within 2 years (30.0 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.0001). Differences in 90-day reoperation (p = 0.14) and revision >2 years (p = 0.19) were not significant. Reoperation for instability (30.0 vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001) and infection (20.0 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.01) were both higher in the IPLE group. IPLE does not provide consistent benefits for patients undergoing TKA revision for instability. Considerations for lower immediate postoperative morbidity and cost need to be carefully measured against long-term consequences of reoperation, delayed component revision, and increased long-term costs of multiple surgical procedures. This is a level III, case–control study.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

HUBUNGAN LAMA WAKTU MENDERITA STROKE DENGAN TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN KLIEN DALAM MELAKUKAN AKTIVITAS PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN SEHARI-HARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Setia Budi ◽  
Ria Dila Syahfitri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Bivariate Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Need For Rehabilitation

The rate of stroke incidence is about 200 per 100,000 people throughout the world. This study aims to determine the Relation Suffer Stroke With Independence Level In Neurology Polyclinic TK II DR Ak Gani Palembang Year Hospital 2017. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with cross sectional design that is done by interviewing techniques with questionnaires on 42 respondents with Accidental sampling technique. This research was conducted in August 2017. Data analysis used is univariate data analysis and bivariate data analysis with one way anova test result. The results of univariate analysis showed that the duration of the respondents suffering from stroke was between 2.10 years to 3.38 years. Also found that most respondents were at the level of independence f; independent, except bathing, dressing, moving, and one other function with a total of 12 respondents. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the long suffering stroke with the level of independence with the value of p value 0.025. For that the need for rehabilitation to patients and families of patients in order to help improve the independence of stroke patients in doing their daily activities. Keywords : Long Suffer Stroke, Level of Independence

HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL PERAWAT DENGAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG PENERAPAN STRATEGI PELAKSANAAN PADA PASIEN DENGAN GANGGUAN HALUSINASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Widya Arisandy
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Knowledge Strategy ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Research Nurses

Knowledge is the result of �know� and this is happening after they made a sensing towards an object certain .Sensing towards an object occur through panca human senses the sight , hearing , of smell , taste and touched with own .Knowledge about the implementation of the nurse strategy is obliged to understandable and in understand by a nurse soul .Many things can affect knowledge a nurse soul both internally and externally.Strategy the implementation of the act of nursing is a in made as a guide by a nurse if when interacting with disorder patients hallucinations.The purpose of research to know relations factors internal a nurse with knowledge nurse in the application of the implementation of the strategy in patients with disorder hallucinations in inpatient Rooms Hospital Ernaldi Bahar The Province Of South Sumatera 2017 . The kind of research done is research quantitative by using the method survey analytic approach in cross sectional .Technique the sample collection that is using a technique the sample collection total of sampling , the number of the sample are always 33 people .To research this independent variable consists of education , length of employment and the days of while dependent variable is knowledge nurse about strategy the implementation of the hallucinations . the results of this research was obtained one variable are associated than 3 variable internal factors researched namely working time with the results of p-value 0,011. Researchers hope from the results of this research , nurses can identify any factor that could affect the knowledge nurses and also can be used to understand the science of psychiatric Keywords : Nurses Knowledge, Strategy Implementation Hallucinations

Maternal Knowledge Factor, Maternal Age and Maternal Parity Associated with Genesis of Normal Delivery at Palembang Hospital of Bari Year 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Maternal Parity

Childbirthis a processLabor of opening and depleting the cervix and the fetus down into the birth canal. Birth is a process in which the fetus and amniotic are pushed out through the birth canal. (Sarwono, 2008). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 585,000 mothers annually die during pregnancy or childbirth. Indonesia Health Demographic Survey (SDKI) Survey in 2012, Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still high at 359 per 100,000 live births. The purpose of this study is the knowledge of maternal knowledge, maternal age, and maternal parity associated with normal birth events at Palembang Bari Hospital 2017. This study used analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all maternal mothers at the Palembang Bari Hospital in 2017. Sampling in the study was conducted non-randomly with the technique of "Accidental Sampling". Data analysis was done univariat and bivariate with Chi-Square statistical test with significance level α = 0,05. The result of this research shows that there is correlation between mother's knowledge with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001, there is correlation between mother age with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,009, there is relation between mother parity with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001. From result of this research hopes healthcare workers can improve normal delivery care services and more often to carry out maternal safety counseling.

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