scholarly journals Algorithmic memory and the right to be forgotten on the web

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395171770399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Digital Processing ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Digital Memory ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Web

The debate on the right to be forgotten on Google involves the relationship between human information processing and digital processing by algorithms. The specificity of digital memory is not so much its often discussed inability to forget. What distinguishes digital memory is, instead, its ability to process information without understanding. Algorithms only work with data (i.e. with differences) without remembering or forgetting. Merely calculating, algorithms manage to produce significant results not because they operate in an intelligent way, but because they “parasitically” exploit the intelligence, the memory, and the attribution of meaning by human actors. The specificity of algorithmic processing makes it possible to bypass the paradox of remembering to forget, which up to now blocked any human-based forgetting technique. If you decide to forget some memory, the most immediate effect is drawing attention to it, thereby activating remembering. Working differently from human intelligence, however, algorithms can implement, for the first time, the classical insight that it might be possible to reinforce forgetting not by erasing memories but by multiplying them. After discussing several projects on the web which implicitly adopt this approach, the article concludes by raising some deeper problems posed when algorithms use data and metadata to produce information that cannot be attributed to any human being.

scholarly journals Collective memory or the right to be forgotten? Cultures of digital memory and forgetting in the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 175069802110447
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stainforth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Digital Memory ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
Google Books ◽  
The Right

This article investigates cultures of digital memory and forgetting in the European Union. The article first gives some background to key debates in media memory studies, before going on to analyse the shaping of European Commission and European Union initiatives in relation to Google’s activities from the period 2004–present. The focus of inquiry for the discussion of memory is the Google Books project and Europeana, a database of digitized cultural collections drawn from European museums, libraries and archives. Attention is then given to questions of forgetting by exploring the tension between Google’s search and indexing mechanisms and the right to be forgotten. The article ends by reflecting on the scale of the shift in contemporary cultures of memory and forgetting, and considers how far European regulation enables possible interventions in this domain.

Recht zur Intervention – Pflicht zur Intervention?

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The responsibility to protect and intervention possessed a central political importance in the early modern period. This volume asks whether there was also a duty to intervene alongside the right to do so. This draws attention to the relationship between the responsibility to protect, security and reputation, which is the focus of the contributions the book contains. Chronologically, they range from the 15th to the 18th centuries and discuss monarchical duties to protect, alliance commitments, confessional legitimation and motives, as well as those based on patronage, contractual relationships and electoral processes. One of the book’s important findings is a deeper understanding of reputation, which is comprehensively examined here as a political guiding factor with reference to changing understandings of security for the first time.

scholarly journals Inspection of the Monastic Hegumens of Lviv Union Eparchy in 1724

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Andrii Pavlyshyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Xviii Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Real State

The aim of the research is to introduce an important source of the history of the church, in particular the monasticism of the Lviv Union eparchy of the first half of the XVIII century into scientific circulation – “Inspection of the hegumens of the Lviv eparchy in 1724”. The methodology of the researchis based on the principles of historicism, analytical and synthetic critique of sources. Comparative and typological general historical methods are also used.The scientific noveltyis in the introduction of the source, which most fully reflects the real state of monasticism of the Lviv eparchy in the first quarter of the XVIII century into wide circulation for the first time. Conclusions: As a result of archival searches, a historical source “Inspection of the hegumens of Lviv eparchyin 1724”was discovered and put into scientific circulation. It is the first complete description of the existing monasteries of the Lviv dioceseand allows to recreate their detailed network at the first quarter of the XVIII century. For the first time, the document also reliably outlines the number of monastic communities in the eparchy. Onthebasisofinspection it can be stated that the Lviv Union diocesein 1724 had 62 monasteries with 341 monks. The source also allows us to trace the power of bishops over monasteries, in particular the mechanism of hegumens subordination to bishops. The document contains valuable information about the relationship of monasteries, in particular the subordination of smaller monastic communities to larger ones. No less important are the sources about the economic situation of the monasteries.In 1724, only 34 out of 62 monasteries, showed documents for the right to own some land plots, which allows us to speak of a relatively modest monastic farming. “Inspection of the hegumens of the Lviv eparchy in 1724”, is a key source that allows us to characterize not only the state of monasteries, but also the Lviv eparchy in general in the first decades after the adoption of the Brest Union by the diocese.

Narrative Representation Theory: Identifying the human language with superstructure

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-672
Author(s):  
Hirokuni Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Representation Theory ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Narrative Representation Theory (NRT), an evolved framework of Verse Analysis, has come into existence with the mission of explaining the operation of macro-systemic structure that could be hardwired in the brain. Based on the analyses of creoles or archetypal human languages, the theory puts forward the premise stating that the fundamental design of the human language faculty possesses the computational system for internalized discourse. The theory preserves the principles of Quint-patterning, Idea-formatting, N-ary-branching and X-numbering, complying respectively with the hierarchical orderings of constituency, the atomic elements of componentiality, the linear sequences of precedence and the specific measurement of terminal nodes. NRT tells that the macro-system of narrative superstructure must have emerged autonomously, yet links closely with the micro-system of phonology, morphology and syntax. This article explores for the first time scientific insights into the nature of human language, referring to recent research on the right cerebrum as well as on the prefrontal lobes of the brain, the relationship between mental disorders and their genetic deficiencies, and the investigations of human evolution during the period 200,000–40,000 years BP. All the converging evidence in biological sciences reinforces the hypothesis that the narrative superstructure of language faculty manifests as an inherent linguistic capacity in our mind.

scholarly journals Developments in The EU-German Judicial Love Story: The Right To Be Forgotten II

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ana Bobić
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe relationship between the Court of Justice and the Bundesverfassungsgericht is perhaps one of the most explored relationships in all of EU’s legal history. In attempting to understand and operationalize the uncertainty surrounding the positioning between EU and national constitutional orders, they have in some respects followed the footsteps of a typical life-long love story: in the early years of European integration, both courts appeared to be in denial of any romance, and entered into a conflict over the question of the final arbiter; they subsequently turned to flirting by moving away from an institutionally based conflict towards finding a common substantive ground; which resulted in finally abandoning the competition for domination, but rather embracing mutual respect and a heterarchical relationship. This brief piece follows these developments in fundamental rights review that for now end with the second German decision concerning the right to be forgotten.

scholarly journals Uma reflexão sobre o direito ao esquecimento e sua relação com as máquinas sociais: o direito de desconectar-se │ A reflection on the right to be forgotten and its relationship with social machines: the right to disconnect

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Célio Andrade Santana Júnior ◽  
Camila Oliveira de Almeida Lima ◽  
Amanda Maria de Almeida Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Social Software ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Information Distribution ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
Social Machines ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Web ◽  
Software Social

RESUMO Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre o direito ao esquecimento no contexto das máquinas sociais que atuam hoje na web 3.0, bem como uma apresentação da “nova” conjuntura de distribuição da informação. A reflexão foi baseada em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e apresenta como resultado a ineficácia da forma como o direito ao esquecimento vem sendo aplicado mediante as complexas estruturas de conexão existentes entre usuários, software social e dispositivos (hardware) concebidos para colaborar entre si. Desta forma, desconectar-se, mais do que um direito, torna-se um dever para quem escolhe ser esquecido.Palavras-chave: Máquinas Sociais; Direito ao Esquecimento; Conexão; Esquecimento; Internet.ABSTRACT This paper presents a reflection on the right to be forgotten in the context of social machines currently operating on the web 3.0 and discusses this “new” environment of information distribution. Our reflection is based on a review of the literature and suggests the ineffectiveness of the ways in which the right to be forgotten is being applied due to the complex connection structures that exist among users, social software and devices (hardware) that are designed to work together. Thus, more than a right, to be disconnected becomes a duty for those who choose to be forgotten.Keywords: Social Machines; Right to be Forgotten; Connection; Forgetfulness; Internet.

scholarly journals The Right to Be Forgotten in the European Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Yulia Razmetaeva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The article focuses on the right to be forgotten, which is at the center of changes in the concept of human rights in the digital age. The origins of the right to be forgotten in European legal doctrine and judicial practice, as well as its relationship with autonomy and identity, are analyzed. The article also examines the significance of the new understanding of “time” and “data” for the adoption of this right, considering the influence of two key cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union, such as Google v. Spain [2014] and Google v. CNIL [2019] on the concept of the right to be forgotten. The place of this right, its connection with privacy and European data protection law is debated. The article focuses on jurisdictional issues, paying particular attention to both the right to be forgotten and the understanding of the relationship between privacy a nd freedom of expression in the European Union and the United States, and possible jurisdictional disputes around the world. The article also addresses the issue of balancing rights and legitimate interests, as well as the proportionality for applying the right to be forgotten, both in the European and global contexts.

scholarly journals A Prisoner’s Right to be Released or Placed on Parole: A Comment on Öcalan v Turkey (No. 2) (18 March 2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Court ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
African Commission

Abstract The European Convention on Human Rights does not provide for a prisoner’s right to parole and no international or regional human rights instrument provides for this right. However, recently, in the case of Öcalan v Turkey (No. 2), one of the judges of the European Court of Human Rights interpreted the European Convention on Human Rights as providing for a prisoner’s right to parole. This is the first time that a judge of this court, and to the author’s best knowledge, a judge of a regional or international court, has expressly held that a prisoner has the right to parole. The author assesses this holding in the light of the jurisprudence or practice on the right to parole from the Human Rights Committee, and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. In order to put the discussion in context, the author also highlights jurisprudence emanating from the European Court of Human Rights relevant to the relationship between parole and other human rights. The author recommends that the time has come for the right to parole to be recognised in human rights instruments.

Affirmative Action and Leadership Attitudes in Brazilian Women Managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazi Islam ◽  
Sarah E. S. Zilenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Women Managers ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This note examines the relationship between affirmative action (AA) program perceptions and women’s self-ascribed capacity and desire to become leaders. We propose that women who believe that their organization implements a program of preferential selection toward women will experience negative psychological effects leading to lowered self-expectations for leadership, but that this effect will be moderated by their justice perceptions of AA programs. We test this proposition empirically for the first time with a Latin American female sample. Among Brazilian women managers, desire but not self-ascribed capacity to lead was reduced when they believed an AA policy was in place. Both desire’s and capacity’s relationships with belief in an AA policy were moderated by justice perceptions.

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