scholarly journals The ontology of early labour (and the difficulties of talking about it): Using interview methods to investigate uncertain and gendered concepts

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 205979911982559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Roberts

This article presents reflections on the process of collecting interview data about fathers’ experiences of ‘early labour’. Early labour is the first phase of labour, defined in textbooks by regular contractions and cervical dilation of up to 4 cm. Women are typically encouraged to stay at home during early labour and only travel to hospital when they are in ‘active labour’. Maternity services (and other providers of antenatal education) devote a great deal of attention to educating parents-to-be about the phases of labour and about how to recognise the ‘right time’ to travel to hospital but ‘early’ admission remains a problem. Prompted by suggestions in the existing literature that male partners may influence when women seek admission, my research set out to explore fathers’ understanding and experiences of early labour. However, interviewing fathers about early labour was challenging and, in this article, I will argue that this was due to a particular configuration of practical, epistemological and ontological issues. I argue that early labour is a slippery and uncertain concept beyond the clinical context and that Mol’s ‘multiple ontologies’ provides productive tools for reflecting on the difficulty of asking about early labour, keeping early labour in focus during the interviews, and finding early labour in the data. However, the gendered nature of reproductive social research requires additional analysis to understand the gender dynamics at work when asking about reproductive research objects of multiple or uncertain ontologies.

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah


TESTFÓRUM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Lenka Lacinová

Příspěvek představuje jednu z rozhovorových metod k zjišťování citové vazby v partnerských vztazích dospělých Current Relationship Interview a možnosti jejího využití ve výzkumu a psychologické praxi. Contribution describes one of the interview methods for romantic adult attachment measuring and possibilities of its use in research and clinical context.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Susanti Susanti ◽  
Masriah Masriah

Business strategy aims to achieve the long-term goals to be achieved and find a position in the home industry so that the household industry business can protect itself against the pressures of competition. This research aims to develop business strategy that already owned by the home industry so that the home industry business can withstand the pressures of increasingly intense competition in the market. This research uses qualitative methods of descriptive. Data collection techniques are done by semi-structured interview methods using purposive sampling in selecting speakers. In testing the validity of the data in this study was conducted by analyzing the external environment using internal environment through business function. In testing the validity of the data in this study was conducted by analyzing the external environment using internal environment through business function. The right strategy for the company in the results of this research is aggressive strategy. With the alternative strategy the company can achieve the desired objectives and can withstand the pressure of existing competition


2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809-1820
Author(s):  
Marina Brollo ◽  
Caterina Mazzanti

Globalisation and technological changes have a dramatic impact on the labour market. For this reason, skills need to be strengthened and protected and workers have to respond to these great transformations by improving their professionalization. Focusing the attention on the Jobs Act, this paper offers an overview of the change that Italy may undertake, analysing the most innovative aspects of the new reform and paying particular attention to the protection of skills within the employment contract and the labour market. In this regard, the research highlights how the Jobs Act has strengthened the protection of skills. On the one hand, it specifies that in case of ‘changes in job tasks’ the employer shall provide training activities in order to develop the employee’s skills (art. 2103 Civil Code). On the other hand, from the perspective of the labour market, it provides efficient active labour market policies in order to tackle the lack of skills protection. These are all considerable positive steps: the Jobs Act Reform represents a move in the right direction and the first important step towards the development of an enhanced skill system.


Author(s):  
Charlotte Greenhalgh

Older women and men were celebrated in fashion and beauty culture during the middle decades of the twentieth century. In British Vogue, for example, the character Mrs. Exeter modeled glamourous clothing and advised older women about style from 1949 until the mid-1960s. Dashing older men graced the magazine’s pages beside her. Many older people who wrote for social research organization Mass Observation paid careful attention to their appearances. This group of Britons had sufficient resources to spend time and money on shopping and grooming. Many among them felt joy when they selected the ‘right’ outfits and were proud of their attractive complexions, hands, or hair. This chapter explores personal responses to physical aging, including the pleasure of looking good.


Author(s):  
Oleksandr Rakhmanov

The article considers the perception of citizens of the government of Ukraine depending on the institutional forms of its formation. Citizens 'attitudes toward government are individuals' reactions to government policies and the activities of its leaders. The formation of these reactions occurs by comparing one's own expectations about the government's activities with the perception of the results of these activities. The dynamics of the influence of socio-economic, value-ideological and structural factors on the assessment of government activities was analyzed on the basis of empirical data from the five waves of the European Social Research (ESS) and the 2020 monitoring study of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. the dynamics of the influence of socio-economic, value-ideological and structural factors on the assessment of power was analyzed. It was found that in the case of forming the government through a coalition of political forces in the parliament, citizens' perception of government activities is largely determined by their ideological beliefs. In particular, in relation to both governments of Yulia Tymoshenko, more satisfaction was observed among people who position themselves on the right ideological flank. On the other hand, in relation to the government of Viktor Yanukovych, more satisfaction was observed among people positioning themselves on the ideological left flank. In contrast to this, when the government is formed on the initiative of the presidential administration, government policy is perceived by the population through the prism of their structural and socio-economic interests. Satisfaction with the activities of the second Mykola Azarov’s Government and the Denys Shmyhal’s Government was mostly conditioned by an income and financial situation of the respondens. The results of the study generally supported the assumption that the turnover of government and the institutional form of government is reflected in the attitude of citizens to the activities of governments.


2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell H. Rosner ◽  
Bed Chhatkuli

Eosinophilic peritonitis (EP) is a well-described complication of peritoneal dialysis and is often associated with either a reaction to a constituent of the dialysis system (tubing, sterilant, or solution) or an underlying bacterial or fungal reaction. EP has also been described in the setting of icodextrin use. We report a case of EP associated with intraperitoneal vancomycin used in the treatment of peritonitis secondary to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Causation was based upon temporal association, negative cultures, concomitant peripheral eosinophilia, and resolution with cessation of vancomycin. Vancomycin allergy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of EP in the right clinical context. Negative bacterial and fungal cultures are essential to exclude other etiologies.


Itinerario ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-136
Author(s):  
Guillermo Céspedes del Castillo

After several attempts and failures, the Asociación Española de Americanistas was, at last, formally established in 1983. The association is now in the process of being affiliated to the European Council of Social Research on Latin America. In this way, Spain's americanistas are trying -with not much success, I would say - to organize themselves as a professional body, and also to create an institutional frame for coordination of their research, publications, library resources and representation of their common interests. There is no hope of the Asociación ever reaching the effectiveness of, for instance, the German Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutsche Latinamerika–Forschung in the early 1970s, but at least we start to think - if not to move - in the right direction, namely, of solidarity and cooperation on a national scale.


2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Mclean ◽  
G. Poh ◽  
S. J. Huang

A 64-year-old female patient was admitted to a general intensive care unit with sustained hypotension resulting from severe sepsis. Her admission plasma B-type natriuretic peptide was elevated (407 pg/ml), and echocardiogram displayed normal ventricular dimensions and function. The right ventricular end-diastolic diameter increased with acute fluid loading, and this coincided with a parallel increase in B-type natriuretic peptide. Subsequent fluid depletion was accompanied by a reduction in both right ventricular end-diastolic diameter and B-type natriuretic peptide. The present case indicates that acute fluid loading may alter plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and highlights the importance of taking the clinical context into account when interpreting these levels.


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