Potential use of Kebilian clay reserves (southern Tunisia) for the production of geopolymer materials

AbstractThe aim of this study was to help drive the Tunisian construction industry towards a more sustainable approach given the existence of abundant local raw material deposits that could be exploited for the production of low-CO2 binders. Various clay sediments from the Kebili region (southern Tunisia) were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and geotechnical tests to determine their suitability for the preparation of geopolymer binders. The clays consist of illite and kaolinite with other accessory minerals. To test the possibility of using these materials as precursors for the production of low-CO2 and low-cost geopolymers, the raw samples were calcined and activated by addition of solid sodium silicate. Compressive strength tests performed on four alkali-activated clays show that promising mechanical performance may be achieved, with mechanical strength values as high as 25 MPa after 7 days, depending on the clay composition. The mechanical strength is related to the SiO2:Al2O3 and Al2O3:(NaO2 + K2O) ratios. Careful selection of the raw materials is, therefore, an essential step in the exploitation of clay deposits to be used for the production of ecological materials such as geopolymers.

Download Full-text

Use of basaltic waste as red ceramic raw material

Cerâmica ◽

10.1590/0366-69132016623621955 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (362) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. M. Mendes ◽

G. Morales ◽

P. J. Reis

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Microstructure Evaluation ◽

Firing Shrinkage ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract Nowadays, environmental codes restrict the emission of particulate matters, which result in these residues being collected by plant filters. This basaltic waste came from construction aggregate plants located in the Metropolitan Region of Londrina (State of Paraná, Brazil). Initially, the basaltic waste was submitted to sieving (< 75 μm) and the powder obtained was characterized in terms of density and particle size distribution. The plasticity of ceramic mass containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of basaltic waste was measured by Atterberg method. The chemical composition of ceramic formulations containing 0% and 20% of basaltic waste was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The prismatic samples were molded by extrusion and fired at 850 °C. The specimens were also tested to determine density, water absorption, drying and firing shrinkages, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. Microstructure evaluation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Basaltic powder has similar physical and chemical characteristics when compared to other raw materials, and contributes to ceramic processing by reducing drying and firing shrinkage. Mechanical performance of mixtures containing basaltic powder is equivalent to mixtures without waste. Microstructural aspects such as pore size distribution were modified by basaltic powder; albite phase related to basaltic powder was identified by X-ray diffraction.

Download Full-text

Fibrous Sepiolite Use As An Asbestos Substitute: Analytical Basics

Microscopy Today ◽

10.1017/s155192950005567x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 18-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Louis Solebello

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Raw Material ◽

Trade Policies ◽

End User ◽

Material Procurement ◽

Global Economic Growth ◽

Fibrous Mineral ◽

Selection Of

Open trade policies have influenced trends in global economic growth. Though difficult to account for all of the effects of this trend, a higher standard of living for previously distressed workers is measurable. This is in part due to acess to previously unavailable technologies. The effects of global economic growth extend further. In many countries, consumers enjoy unparalleled selection of high quality, low cost goods. The environmental impact of global growth is being studied in many ways. One area of study involves analysis and monitoring of product raw materials that many times are not in compliance with environmental regulations of the end user country. Raw material procurement and formulation by manufacturers presents a challenge to the environmental microscopist on several levels. The industrial use of sepiolite and some light microscopy basics of sepiolite is discussed here. Subsequent papers will explore this issue in greater detail as it relates to fibrous mineral analytical choices and techniques available to the environmental microscopist.

Download Full-text

Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7572

Author(s):

Gigliola D’Angelo ◽

Marina Fumo ◽

Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽

Ilaria Capasso ◽

Assunta Campanile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Building Materials ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Raw Material ◽

The European Union ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

Download Full-text

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300008407 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 2-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N.C. Wagner ◽

S. Ramaswamy ◽

U. Tschirner

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cereal Straw ◽

Industrial Utilization ◽

Industrial Use ◽

On Farm ◽

And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

Download Full-text

Physicochemical Properties of Handere Clays and Their Use as a Building Material

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/374245 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yasin Erdoğan

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Clay Deposits

Handere clay deposits were discovered at Adana in Turkey. These clay units primarily consist of uncoloured claystone, pebbly sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone marl and include gypsum lenses and clay levels of various thicknesses in places. The physicochemical properties of these clays have been investigated by different techniques including Scanning Electron and Elemental Analysis (SEM and EDS), mineralogical analyses, chemical and physical analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and Atterberg (Consistency) Limits Test. The mineralogical composition deduced from XRD is wide (smectite + palygorskite + illite ± feldspar ± chlorite ± quartz ± calcite ± serpentine) due to the high smectite contents (≈85%). SEM studies reveal that smectite minerals are composed of irregular platy leaves and show honeycomb pattern in the form of wavy leaves in places. The leaves presenting an array with surface edge contact are usually concentrated in the dissolution voids and fractures of volcanic glass. Organic matter content and loss on ignition analysis of raw materials are good for all the studied samples. In summary, Handere clays can be used as building materials in bricks, roof tiles, and cement and as a binder.

Download Full-text

Serpentinite Magnesium Binders, Based on Technogenic Raw Materials

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.1050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 316 ◽

pp. 1050-1054

Author(s):

V.N. Zyryanova ◽

E.V. Lytkina ◽

A.P. Ochur-Ool

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Hardening Process ◽

Dispersed System ◽

Technogenic Raw Materials

Increasing water resistance and mechanical strength of hardening magnesian binders’ products can be achieved by introducing microfillings into a hardening dispersed system. It is shown that serpentine provides an increase strength and water resistance in hydration and hardening process, being as a structure-forming component, it intensifies this process. It allows expanding the raw material base for the production of magnesia binders for construction purposes.

Download Full-text

Selection of Fish Raw Material Suppliers by Integrating ANP and Topsis Methods in CV. Riki Utama Mandiri

Procedia of Engineering and Life Science ◽

10.21070/pels.v1i2.923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Aula Fajar Iman Sakti ◽

Wiwik Sulistiyowati

Keyword(s):

Supplier Selection ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Rank Order ◽

Raw Material ◽

Network Process ◽

The Common ◽

Common Problems ◽

Frozen Fish ◽

A Company ◽

Selection Of

CV. Riki Utama Mandiri is a company in distributing an economic fish frozen product. This company distributed any kind of retail and wholesaler, both domestic and export. They distributing many frozen fish products variant such as Patin Fillet and Shark Fin. The all raw materials of those frozen seafood was obtained by three different suppliers. The common problems found in CV. Riki Utama Mandiri mostly about raw patin fish supplier which often committed delivery delays. The purpose of this research is to fixing the supply chain management in deciding the more accurate selections of raw materials supplier. To overcome the common problems that happen. Analytical network process (ANP) will simplify the criteria weight values and sub criteria of each supplier. Meanwhile, technique for others reference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used for giving a rank order of the alternative supplier. This research is expected for being a consideration for the company in obtaining a good and more effective kind of raw supplier. We also expecting the company for tighten supplier selection more effective way so that it can fullfilled the existing standard. Also to overcome the common problems such as delivery delays, competing raw materials with uncertain quality, and difficulty in sort out the raw materials due to size issues.

Download Full-text

Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Material Based on Red Clay and Silica Gel Precursor

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2021-0070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 931-943

Author(s):

Girts Bumanis ◽

Danute Vaiciukyniene

Keyword(s):

Silica Gel ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Alkali Activation ◽

Production Plant ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Red Clay ◽

Significant Strength ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Alkali Activated

Abstract The search for alternative alumosilicates source for production of alkali activated materials (AAM) is intensively researched. Wide spread of natural materials such as clays and waste materials are one of potential alternatives. In this research AAM was made from local waste brick made of red clay and calcined low-carbonate illite clay precursor and its properties evaluated. Waste silica gel containing amorphous silica from fertilizer production plant was proposed as additional raw material. 6 M and 7 M NaOH alkali activation solutions were used to obtain AAM. Raw materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyser, DTA/TG. Raw illite clay was calcined at a temperature of 700 to 800 °C. Waste brick was ground similar as raw clay and powder was obtained. Replacement of red clay with silica gel from 2–50 wt.% in mixture composition was evaluated. Results indicate that the most effective activator was 6 M NaOH solution and AAM with strength up to 13 MPa was obtained. Ground brick had the highest strength results and compressive strength of AAM reached 25 MPa. Silica gel in small quantities had little effect of AAM strength while significant strength reduction was observed with the increase silica gel content. The efflorescence was observed for samples with silica gel.

Download Full-text

Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

Archaeologia Polona ◽

10.23858/apa56.2018.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

Mar Rey-Solé ◽

Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽

Jordi Nadal ◽

Xavier Mangado ◽

Anders Scherstén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Stone Tool ◽

Petrographic Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Study Results ◽

Lithic Industry ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

Download Full-text

Low-Cost Synthesis and Morphology Control of Magnesium Oxysulfate Hydrate Whiskers

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.986 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 936 ◽

pp. 986-991

Author(s):

Chuan Hui Gao ◽

Li Ding ◽

Yu Min Wu ◽

Chuan Xing Wang ◽

Jun Xu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hydrothermal Process ◽

Control Agent ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray ◽

Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Magnesium Oxysulfate

A low-cost raw material, bittern obtained from the production process of sea salt, was used to prepare magnesium oxysulfate hydrate (MgSO4·5Mg (OH)2·2H2O, abbreviated as 152MOS) whiskers via hydrothermal synthesis with ammonia and magnesium sulfate as the other starting raw materials. The bittern was firstly filtered and then used directly without de-coloring. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to investigate the composition and morphology of the products. It was found that the 152MOS whiskers synthesized from bittern at 190°C for 3 hours exhibited fanlike morphology. The formation of the fanlike whiskers was inhibited and most of the whiskers presented as single fibers when ethanol was used as crystal control agent in the hydrothermal process. From the two-dimensional steps observed at tips of the whiskers, a possible growth mechanism was speculated that it was the extension of dislocations that made the growth of the whiskers.

Download Full-text