scholarly journals Adherence to treatment guidelines for acute diarrhoea in children up to 12 years in Ujjain, India - a cross-sectional prescription analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Pathak ◽  
Ashish Pathak ◽  
Gaetano Marrone ◽  
Vishal Diwan ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Analysis

scholarly journals Management of acute diarrhea in children: is the treatment guidelines is really implemented?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Jaigam Abbas ◽  
Dinesh Chandra Pandey ◽  
Ashish Verma ◽  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
General Physician ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Trend

Background: Acute diarrhea is a common problem in children especially in poor and developing nations. It is one of the leading cause of under-five years’ mortality globally. The children used to die each year of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance caused by acute diarrhea. Despite of WHO recommendations on the use of ORS and zinc in the management of acute diarrhea as a simple and effective treatment, the prescribing trend of ORS and zinc in acute diarrhoea is not up to the mark, which further increases the burden of the problems. Objectives: we aimed to assess; (1) prescribing trend of ORS and zinc in acute diarrhoea in children aged 6months to 5years by health care providers, (2) to asses’ proportion of patient education in acute diarrhea by health care providers.Methods: This was a qualitative, cross-sectional, hospital based study carried among children aged 6months to 5yrs.Results: This study was conducted among 313 children of acute diarrhoea who had been treated outside. Mean age (months) was 27.53±15.87. Out of all children who were treated from outside, 180 (57.50%) took treatment from general physician, 113 (36.10%) children took the treatment from pediatrician, and 20 (6.85%) took the treatment from the physician and 25 (7.9%) took treatment as over the counter antidiarrheal by the pharmacists. Out of them dehydration was documented only in 97 (30.99%), while ORS was given in 229 (73.16%) and zinc was given in 121 (38.65%) children. Patients education was done in 39 (12.46%).Conclusions: There was gross under implementation of treatment guidelines in the management of acute diarrhea by health care providers especially by general physicians.

Molecular Detection of Group A Rotavirus in under Five Years Old Children with Acute Diarrhoea Admitted to Yangon Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Rotaviruses are regarded as the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality among children especially under five years of age worldwide. In developing countries like Myanmar, where diarrhoea is in the priority childhood disease, rotavirus surveillance and detection of rotavirus genotypes are utmost important. A hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Yangon Children‟s Hospital among under five children admitted for acute diarrhoea from January to October 2016. This study includes detection of Group A rotavirus antigen by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and genotyping by multiplex RT-PCR. From a total of 488 collected samples, rotavirus antigen was detected in 219 samples (45%). Rotavirus diarrhoea was most common among the age of 6-11 months (38.8%) followed by 12-23 months (37.9%). The results showed that boys were more commonly affected than girls. Detection of rotavirus positivity was peak in February (57.6 %). Out of 219 stool samples with positive ELISA result, 40 stool samples with high optical density value were proceeded for further determination of G and P genotypes. Regarding distribution of G genotypes, the most common G genotype was G9 which comprised 45%, and that of P genotype was P[8] which comprised 92.5%. Regarding combination of G and P genotypes, the most frequent combination is G9P[8], and it constituted 42.5%. Untypable genotypes were seen in 30% of G and 2.5% of P typing. As rotavirus infection can be prevented by vaccine, WHO recommended that rotavirus vaccination should be included in national immunization program especially in countries where prevalence of rotavirus is high. The distribution of G and P genotypes is important in consideration of appropriate vaccine in pre-vaccination and evaluation of effectiveness of vaccine in post-vaccination period. Therefore, the information on currently circulating genotypes of rotavirus in this study will serve as valuable data for vaccination programme.

scholarly journals Personality Prototypes in People with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relationship with Adherence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4818
Author(s):  
Carmen Sánchez-Urbano ◽  
María J. Pino ◽  
Carlos Herruzo
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Guidelines

Type 1 diabetes (Dm1) is a chronic endocrine and metabolic disease that affects the whole person and requires active, decisive treatment. However, personality traits may influence a patient’s adherence to treatment guidelines. The objective of this work is firstly to identify the 3 Asendorpf personality prototypes (resilient, undercontrolled and overcontrolled) in a sample of Dm1 individuals and determine whether there are any differences in comparison with a control sample; and, secondly, to study their association with adherence to self-care guidelines using both physiological indicators (HbA1C) and self-report measures. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample comprised 294 participants, of whom 104 were people with Dm1 and 190 were controls. The participants, aged between 14 and 34 years, were classified by their scores in NEO-FFI-R, according to the personality characteristics inherent to Asendorpf’s prototypes. Asendorpf’s 3 prototypical personality patterns were found both in the group of people with Dm1 and in the control sample. These patterns showed different degrees of association with adherence to self-care guidelines for this disease and with psychological health factors. Importance should therefore be attached to the personality traits and Asendorpf prototypes of people with Dm1 when proposing interventions to address medical, psychological, and behavioral aspects.

scholarly journals Adherence to treatment in paediatric patients – results of the nationwide survey in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Kardas ◽  
Marek Dabrowa ◽  
Konrad Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Due to high prevalence, non-adherence to prescribed treatment seriously undermines the effectiveness of evidence-based therapies in paediatric patients. In order to change this negative scenario, physicians need to be aware of adherence problem, as well as of possible solutions. Unfortunately, full potential of adherence-targeting interventions is still underused in Poland. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours toward non-adherence in Polish paediatricians. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional nationwide survey was conducted in the convenience sample of Polish doctors providing care to paediatric patients. The survey focused on the prevalence of non-adherence, its causes, and interventions employed. Primary studied parameter was perceived prevalence of non-adherence in paediatric patients. Reporting of this study adheres to STROBE guidelines. Results One thousand and thirty-three responses were eligible for analysis. Vast majority of respondents were female (85.9%), most of them worked in primary care (90.6%). The respondents represented all 16 Polish Voivodeships, with the biggest number coming from the Mazowieckie Voivodeship (n = 144, 13.9%). Survey participants believed that on average 28.9% of paediatric patients were non-adherent to medication. More than half of the respondents (n = 548, 53.0%) were convinced that their own patients were more adherent than average. Duration of the professional practice strongly correlated with a lower perceived prevalence of non-adherence. Professionals with more than 40 years of practice believed that the percentage of non-adherent patients was <=20% particularly often (OR = 3.82 (95% CI 2.11–6.93) versus those up to 10 years in practice). Out of all respondents, they were also most often convinced that their own patients were more adherent than the general population (P < 0.01). Consequently, they underestimated the need for training in this area. Conclusions Physicians taking care of Polish paediatric patients underestimated the prevalence of medication non-adherence and believed that this was a problem of other doctors. This optimistic bias was particularly pronounced in older doctors. These results identify important barriers toward improving patient adherence that are worth addressing in the pre- and post-graduate education of Polish physicians. They also put some light over the challenges that educational activities in this area may face.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotic Supply Decisions by Community Pharmacists in Thailand: A Vignette Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Sisira Donsamak ◽  
Marjorie C. Weiss ◽  
Dai N. John
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
A Chain

In Thailand, antibiotics are available lawfully from community pharmacies without a prescription. Inappropriate supply of antibiotics from Thai community pharmacies to the public for common, self-limiting diseases has been reported. The study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotics selected by community pharmacists in Thailand in response to vignettes. A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists across Thailand was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire including nine case vignettes with three conditions, namely upper respiratory infections (URIs), acute diarrhoea and simple wounds. A total of 208 questionnaires were completed and analysed (20.8% response rate). In response to vignettes relating to URIs, 50.8% of pharmacist recommendations were not in accordance with antibiotic guidelines. Inappropriate recommendations for diarrhoea and wound cases were 20.8% and 16.7%, respectively. A higher proportion of younger pharmacists, those with less experience, Pharm. D. graduate pharmacists, employee pharmacists and those pharmacists who worked in a chain pharmacy were more likely to recommend appropriate antibiotic treatment in response to the vignettes (p < 0.05). These findings will be useful to promote educational interventions for community pharmacists regarding common infectious disease management in order to improve appropriate antibiotic use.

Mycoplasma genitalium: test positivity in syndromic presentations and clinicians’ adherence with treatment guidelines at Sydney Sexual Health Centre

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110225
Author(s):  
Calvin Cheung ◽  
Christopher Bourne ◽  
Rick Varma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Real World Data

Mycoplasma genitalium ( M.genitalium) is associated with urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, proctitis and epididymitis. Its treatment is complicated by antimicrobial resistance. To assess clinicians’ adherence to M.genitalium diagnostic testing recommendations for syndromic presentations, as well as resistance-guided management of M.genitalium at Sydney Sexual Health Centre, we reviewed patients presenting between August and December 2018. 349/372 (94%) syndromic presentations were tested for M.genitalium with 16% M.genitalium test positivity and 81% macrolide resistance. 16/27 (59%) macrolide-sensitive infections and 65/77 (84%) macrolide-resistant infections received resistance-guided treatment. Tests of cure (TOCs) were unnecessarily ordered for 82% macrolide-sensitive cases, while 88% macrolide-resistant cases were correctly ordered TOCs. Co-existing STIs at the time of macrolide-sensitive ( p = 0.30) or macrolide-resistant M.genitalium ( p = 0.94) diagnosis did not significantly affect adherence to treatment guidelines. This study confirms the expected prevalence of M.genitalium and macrolide resistance in syndromic presentations while our real-world data highlight the decision-making challenges involved with managing M.genitalium, offering insights for further research.

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