scholarly journals “Forever young at the table”: metabolic effects of eating speed in obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Claudia Vetrani ◽  
Ludovica Verde ◽  
Bruno Napolitano ◽  
Silvia Savastano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Main Meals

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are recognized as the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. In recent years eating speed (ES) has been of particular interest since some studies have associated it with the development of obesity and CMD. However, the different impact of the ES at which main meals are eaten on the risk of developing these diseases has not yet been identified. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of ES at the main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) on the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension) in middle-aged Caucasian subjects with obesity. Methods For this purpose we carried out a cross-sectional, observational study. One hundred and eighty-seven middle-aged subjects aged 43.6 ± 16 years were enrolled of which anthropometric parameters and lifestyle habits were studied. A dietary interview was performed to collect information about meal duration and eating habits at the main meals. According to median value of meal duration, meals were classified in two groups: fast eating group (FEG) and slow eating group (SEG). Results The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was more than twice in FEG compared to SEG at lunch and dinner. For all main meals, FEG had a significantly higher risk of dyslipidaemia than SEG (p < 0.05) in unadjusted model. However, when the model was adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use and medication, the result remained significant for lunch and dinner (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of our study suggest that fast eating increases at lunch and dinner increase the risk of developing dyslipidaemia in obesity.

scholarly journals Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Sara Aprano ◽  
Lydia Framondi ◽  
Rossana Di Matteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
The Mediterranean

Chronotype is the attitude of a subject in determining individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythm relative to the external light–dark cycle. Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with evening chronotype. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and quality of sleep. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the association of chronotype categories with adherence to the MD in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (obesity, programs of nutrition, education, research and assessment of the best treatment) Prevention Project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and chronotype were studied. Chronotype was classified as morning in 58.1% of subjects, evening in 12.8% and intermediate in 28.1%. Our results demonstrated that individuals with evening chronotype, when compared to intermediate (p < 0.001) and morning chronotype (p < 0.001), were more prone to follow unhealthy lifestyle, performing less regular activity and being more frequently smokers. In addition, they showed the lowest adherence to the MD compared to morning (p < 0.001) and intermediate chronotypes (p < 0.001). The lower the chronotype score, the higher body mass index (BMI) values in the whole population (r = −0.158; p = 0.038), thus suggesting that evening chronotype was a common finding in subjects with obesity. In addition, positive correlations of chronotype score with age (r = 0.159; p = 0.037) and PREDIMED score (r = 0.656; p < 0.001) were found. The adherence to the MD, more than the intake of the single food items, was found to predict morning and evening chronotypes. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with unhealthy lifestyle and low adherence to the MD. Chronotype score was inversely associated to BMI and positively associated to age and adherence to the MD. Thus, the assessment of chronotype should be taken into account in the management of obesity and in the development of nutritional strategies.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional association of renal dysfunction with tests of cognition in middle-aged adults with early type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 107805
Author(s):  
Joshua I. Barzilay ◽  
Naji Younes ◽  
Rodica Pop-Busui ◽  
Hermes Florez ◽  
Elizabeth Seaquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

scholarly journals Association Between Sensory Loss and Falls Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhou ◽  
Yanping Hu ◽  
Jianfeng Luo ◽  
Yinwen Li ◽  
Haiyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dual Sensory Loss ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that sensory loss is linked to falls. However, most of these studies were cross-sectional designed, focused on single sensory loss, and were conducted in developed countries with mixed results. The current study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between hearing loss (HL), vision loss (VL) and dual sensory loss (DSL) with falls among middle-aged and older Chinese population over 7 years.Methods: The data was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). In total, 7,623 Chinese older adults aged over 45 were included at baseline 2011 in this study. Self-reported falls and HL/VL/DSL were accepted. Other confounding variables included age, sex, BMI, educational level, marital status, various physical disorders and lifestyles. The impact of baseline sensory status on baseline prevalence of falls and incident falls over 7 years were assessed using logistic regression analyses. A logistic mixed model was used to assess the association between time-varying sensory loss with incident falls over 7 years after adjusted with multi-confounding factors.Results: Single and dual sensory loss groups had significantly higher prevalence of falls compared to no sensory loss (NSL) group (DSL: 22.4%, HL: 17.4%, VL: 15.7%, NSL: 12.3%). Baseline HL (OR: 1.503, 95% CI: 1.240–1.820), VL (OR: 1.330, 95% CI: 1.075–1.646) and DSL (OR: 2.061, 95% CI: 1.768–2.404) were significantly associated with prevalence of falls. For longitudinal observation over 7 years, baseline HL/DSL and persistence of all types of sensory loss were associated with incidence of falls. Time-varying HL (OR: 1.203, 95% CI: 1.070–1.354) and DSL (OR: 1.479, 95% CI: 1.343–1.629) were associated with incident falls after adjusted with multi-confounders, while VL was not.Conclusion: HL and DSL are significantly associated with both onset and increased incidence of falls over 7 year's observation in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Persistence or amelioration of sensory loss status could exert divergent influences on incidence of falls, which should be considered in the development of falls-prevention public health policies for aging population.

The Current and forecasted Status of Type 2 Diabetes in the Arab Society of Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelnaser Zalan ◽  
Ahmad Sheikh-Muhammad ◽  
Mohammad Khatib ◽  
Rajech Sharkia
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Related

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the main causes of mortality, morbidity, and health care expenditures. Effectively treating this disease is of crucial importance and imposes a global challenge. The incidence of Type 2 DM (T2DM) is rapidly rising in both developing and developed countries. The Arab community in Israel is a distinct ethnic group with unique characteristics. Recently, this community has undergone major changes in its lifestyle, adopting the Westernized one, which could have caused an increase in the T2DM incidence rate. Objective: This review aims to shed light on various studies undertaken to explore the prevalence of diabetes and determine its current status in the Arab society of Israel, resting on previous and current data. It is presented to highlight the status of diabetes globally and to focus on its current situation in the Arab society of Israel, attempting to forecast its direction in the upcoming decade. Methods: Data were obtained from our previous comprehensive socio-economic and health cross-sectional surveys for successive periods from 2004 to 2017. These surveys were conducted on the Arab society of Israel by the Galilee Society. Results: Our results showed a progressive increase in the prevalence of T2DM from 3.4% to 7.6% in the Arab society of Israel. This trend is expected to continue rising in the coming decade, and based on our predictions, may exceed 12% in 2030. Conclusion: Substantial and practical health-related actions must be initiated to prevent an increasing number of adults from developing diabetes and its complications.

scholarly journals Physiological, Behavioral, and Dietary Characteristics Associated with Hypertension among Kenyan Defence Forces

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Mundan ◽  
Margaret Muiva ◽  
Samuel Kimani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Hypertensive disease is increasing in developing countries due to nutritional transition and westernization. Hypertensive disease among Kenya military may be lower because of health-focused recruitment, physical activities, routine checkups, and health awareness and management, but the disease has been increasing. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine physiological, behavioral, and dietary characteristics associated with hypertension among Kenyan military. Methods. A cross-sectional study involving 340 participants was conducted at Armed Forces Memorial Hospital. Participants' history, risk factors assessment, and dietary patterns were obtained by structured questionnaire, while physiological and anthropometric parameters were measured. Results. Hypertensive participants were likely to have higher age, physiological, and anthropometric measurements, and they participated in peace missions. Daily alcohol and smoking, frequent red meat, and inadequate fruits and vegetables were associated with hypertension. Conclusions. The findings mimic the main risk factors and characteristics for hypertensive disease in developed countries whose lifestyle adoption is happening fast in low and middle-income countries. Whether or not prediction rules and/or risk scores may identify at-risk individuals for preventive strategy for targeted behavioral interventions among this population require investigation.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN SARAPAN PAGI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA MAHASISWA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018
Author(s):  
Lilis Banowati ◽  
Jongga Adiyaksa
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global di negara berkembang maupun negara maju dengan konsekuensi yang besar bagi kesehatan manusia serta pembangunan nasional dan ekonomi. Anemia pada remaja akibat  kurang gizi dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan, pertumbuhan, dan sistem imun. Penyebab utama anemia gizi ialah konsumsi zat besi yang tidak cukup, absorbsi zat besi yang rendah, dan pola makan yang sebagian besar terdiri dari nasi dan menu yang kurang beraneka ragam. Kebiasaan makan pagi termasuk dalam salah satu dari 13 pesan dasar gizi seimbang. Bagi mahasiswa/remaja, makan pagi dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar dan memudahkan menyerap pelajaran yang akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar. Makan pagi juga sangat berperan terhadap pemenuhan gizi seimbang pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan makan pagi dengan kejadian anemia pada mahasiswa program studi D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observational dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya dengan jumlah 122 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan  teknik  random  sampling  yaitu   sejumlah  35 orang.Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa dari 35 mahasiswa, 29 mahasiswa memiliki kebiasaan makan pagi 29 mahasiswa (83%) yang tidak anemia, jarang sarapan pagi yaitu 1 mahasiswa (2,8%) dan yang tidak pernah sarapan yaitu 5 mahasiswa. Nilai pValue dari uji Chi square yaitu 0,125 (P<0,05). Sehingga hasilnya yaitu ada hubungan kebiasaan sarapan pagi dengan kejadian anemia pada mahasiswaKata kunci: kebiasaan makan pagi, anemia, mahasiswa ABSTRACTAnemia is a global public health problem in both developing and developed countries with great consequences for human health as well as national and economic development. Anemia in adolescents due to malnutrition can adversely affect health, growth, and the immune system. The main causes of nutritional anemia are insufficient intake of iron, low iron absorption, and a diet consisting mostly of rice and a less varied menu. Breakfast habits are included in one of 13 basic messages of balanced nutrition. For students, breakfast can increase the concentration of learning and make it easier to absorb lessons that will improve learning achievement. Breakfast also greatly contribute to the fulfillment of balanced nutrition in children. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between morning eating habits with the incidence of anemia in the students of study program D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya.This research is an observational research using cross-sectional design. The population in this study is a student of Study Program D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya with the number of 122 people. Sampling technique using random sampling technique that is a number of 35 people.The result of the research shows that from 35 students, 29 students have breakfast habit of 29 students (83%) who are not anemic, rarely breakfast that is 1 student (2.8%) and who never breakfast is 5 students. The pValue value of Chi square test is 0,125 (P <0,05). So the result is a relationship between breakfast habits with the incidence of anemia in studentsKeywords: breakfast habits, anemia, students

scholarly journals Sleep Quality in Obesity: Does Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Matter?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Sara Aprano ◽  
Lydia Framondi ◽  
Rossana Di Matteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mediterranean

Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with sleep disturbances (SD). The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and sleep quality. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate whether adherence to the MD is associated with sleep quality in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (Obesity, Programs of Nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment of the best treatment) prevention project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and sleep quality were studied. Overall, 50.6% of the subjects were good sleepers (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) < 5) while 49.4% were poor sleepers (PSQI ≥ 5). Our results demonstrated that good sleepers, when compared to poor sleepers (p < 0.001) had significantly higher adherence to the MD as assessed by PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) score, lower BMI (body mass index) and waist circumference (WC). The higher PSQI, the higher the BMI (p < 0.001) and WC values (p < 0.001), thus suggesting that poor sleep was more common in subjects with obesity. In addition, a negative correlation between PSQI and the PREDIMED score (p < 0.001) was found. to the intake of the cluster of foods enclosed in the MD, rather than the intake of the single food, predicted PSQI. By performing a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we determined a cut-off value at a PREDIMED score < 9 as the threshold for screening poor sleepers. In conclusion, good sleepers had lower BMI and WC and higher adherence to the MD than poor sleepers. PSQI was positively associated to BMI and WC while it was negatively associated to adherence to the MD. The consumption of the MD dietary pattern rather than the intake of a single nutrient has a beneficial effect on sleep quality. Hence, the assessment of sleep should be taken into account in the management of obesity and promoting adherence to the MD could be a tool to improve SD.

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