Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project

Chronotype is the attitude of a subject in determining individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythm relative to the external light–dark cycle. Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with evening chronotype. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and quality of sleep. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the association of chronotype categories with adherence to the MD in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (obesity, programs of nutrition, education, research and assessment of the best treatment) Prevention Project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and chronotype were studied. Chronotype was classified as morning in 58.1% of subjects, evening in 12.8% and intermediate in 28.1%. Our results demonstrated that individuals with evening chronotype, when compared to intermediate (p < 0.001) and morning chronotype (p < 0.001), were more prone to follow unhealthy lifestyle, performing less regular activity and being more frequently smokers. In addition, they showed the lowest adherence to the MD compared to morning (p < 0.001) and intermediate chronotypes (p < 0.001). The lower the chronotype score, the higher body mass index (BMI) values in the whole population (r = −0.158; p = 0.038), thus suggesting that evening chronotype was a common finding in subjects with obesity. In addition, positive correlations of chronotype score with age (r = 0.159; p = 0.037) and PREDIMED score (r = 0.656; p < 0.001) were found. The adherence to the MD, more than the intake of the single food items, was found to predict morning and evening chronotypes. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with unhealthy lifestyle and low adherence to the MD. Chronotype score was inversely associated to BMI and positively associated to age and adherence to the MD. Thus, the assessment of chronotype should be taken into account in the management of obesity and in the development of nutritional strategies.

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Sleep Quality in Obesity: Does Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Matter?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽

Luigi Barrea ◽

Sara Aprano ◽

Lydia Framondi ◽

Rossana Di Matteo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean

Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with sleep disturbances (SD). The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and sleep quality. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate whether adherence to the MD is associated with sleep quality in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (Obesity, Programs of Nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment of the best treatment) prevention project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and sleep quality were studied. Overall, 50.6% of the subjects were good sleepers (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) < 5) while 49.4% were poor sleepers (PSQI ≥ 5). Our results demonstrated that good sleepers, when compared to poor sleepers (p < 0.001) had significantly higher adherence to the MD as assessed by PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) score, lower BMI (body mass index) and waist circumference (WC). The higher PSQI, the higher the BMI (p < 0.001) and WC values (p < 0.001), thus suggesting that poor sleep was more common in subjects with obesity. In addition, a negative correlation between PSQI and the PREDIMED score (p < 0.001) was found. to the intake of the cluster of foods enclosed in the MD, rather than the intake of the single food, predicted PSQI. By performing a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we determined a cut-off value at a PREDIMED score < 9 as the threshold for screening poor sleepers. In conclusion, good sleepers had lower BMI and WC and higher adherence to the MD than poor sleepers. PSQI was positively associated to BMI and WC while it was negatively associated to adherence to the MD. The consumption of the MD dietary pattern rather than the intake of a single nutrient has a beneficial effect on sleep quality. Hence, the assessment of sleep should be taken into account in the management of obesity and promoting adherence to the MD could be a tool to improve SD.

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Relationship Among Adherence to The Mediterranean Diet and Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Subjects with Obesity

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320999201111161220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Luisa Lampignano ◽

Roberta Zupo ◽

Rossella Donghia ◽

Vito Guerra ◽

Fabio Castellana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

The Mediterranean

Background: There is moderate-to-high evidence that the Mediterranean diet prevents increases in body weight and waist circumference in non-obese individuals but less is known about its effects in subjects with overweight and obesity. The present study was focused on exploring the cross-sectional association among the adherence to Mediterranean diet and the most commonly used variables of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of overweight subjects from a typical Mediterranean region, Apulia, in Southern Italy. Methods:: The study was performed in a cohort of 1214 individuals, all with overweight or obesity but no other clinical condition. We investigated the association among adherence to Mediterranean diet, assessed with the PREDIMED score, and anthropometric parameters [namely body mass index (BMI), WC, waist to height ratio (WHtR) and neck circumference (NC)], fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, uric acid and lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), and blood pressure and insulin resistance, measured by HOMA-IR. Results:: The waist to height ratio was negatively associated to a PREDIMED score ≥7 (p<0.04), whereas HDL cholesterol was positively associated to a PREDIMED score ≥7 (p<0.04) Conclusion: This study suggests that body fat distribution and HDL-cholesterol are the parameters most strongly influenced by MedDiet in Apulian subjects.

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“Forever young at the table”: metabolic effects of eating speed in obesity

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-021-03199-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luigi Barrea ◽

Claudia Vetrani ◽

Ludovica Verde ◽

Bruno Napolitano ◽

Silvia Savastano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Habits ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Aged Subjects ◽

Main Meals

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are recognized as the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. In recent years eating speed (ES) has been of particular interest since some studies have associated it with the development of obesity and CMD. However, the different impact of the ES at which main meals are eaten on the risk of developing these diseases has not yet been identified. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of ES at the main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) on the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension) in middle-aged Caucasian subjects with obesity. Methods For this purpose we carried out a cross-sectional, observational study. One hundred and eighty-seven middle-aged subjects aged 43.6 ± 16 years were enrolled of which anthropometric parameters and lifestyle habits were studied. A dietary interview was performed to collect information about meal duration and eating habits at the main meals. According to median value of meal duration, meals were classified in two groups: fast eating group (FEG) and slow eating group (SEG). Results The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was more than twice in FEG compared to SEG at lunch and dinner. For all main meals, FEG had a significantly higher risk of dyslipidaemia than SEG (p < 0.05) in unadjusted model. However, when the model was adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use and medication, the result remained significant for lunch and dinner (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of our study suggest that fast eating increases at lunch and dinner increase the risk of developing dyslipidaemia in obesity.

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Social Jet Lag Associates Negatively with the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index among Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081756 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1756 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zerón-Rugerio ◽

Cambras ◽

Izquierdo-Pulido

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Young Adults ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Body Mass ◽

Jet Lag ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Lower Adherence

Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with irregular sleep–wake patterns during the week, also known as social jet lag. The Mediterranean diet is a healthy pattern related with a better health and sleep quality. However, potential associations with social jet lag remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine whether higher social jet lag is linked to lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and whether it is associated with BMI (Body Mass Index). This cross-sectional study included 534 young adults (18–25 years). Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, chronotype and social jet lag were studied. Our results revealed that individuals with greater social jet lag showed lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and had a higher BMI. Among the habits that characterized the Mediterranean dietary pattern, we observed that higher social jet lag was significantly associated with a lower intake of fruits and vegetables, as well as skipping breakfast. Hence, the promotion of regular sleep habits together with healthy dietary patterns should be considered for obesity prevention, especially among young adults.

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Evaluation of adherence to Mediterranean diet in medical students at Kocaeli University, Turkey

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518757158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 1585-1594 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Canan Baydemir ◽

Emrah Gokay Ozgur ◽

Sibel Balci

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

First Year ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Year Students ◽

Academic Knowledge ◽

The Mediterranean

Introduction This study was conducted to evaluate the eating habits of medical students at Kocaeli University in northwest Turkey in terms of their ability to apply their academic knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles to their own lives using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire including demographic information and the KIDMED index was administered to 354 medical school students (206 first-year and 148 third-year students). The students’ sex, body mass index, KIDMED score, place of residence, smoking habit, media screen time, and regular exercising variables were evaluated. Results The KIDMED score was −2 to 8 (3.8 ± 1.9) among all students, −1 to 8 (3.9 ± 2.0) among first-year students, and −1 to 8 (3.6 ± 1.9) among third-year students. In total, 59.1% of females and 40.9% of males among first-year students showed moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and female students showed better adherence to the Mediterranean diet than males among third-year students. Conclusion Medical students at Kocaeli University in Turkey showed inadequate application of their academic knowledge about healthy living to their own lives.

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Adherence to the pyramid of the mediterranean diet (2010), non-communicable diseases and lifestyle in online postgraduate Spanish students in the food area

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.3233/mnm-200521 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Elío Iñaki ◽

Jarrín Sandra ◽

Eléxpuru María ◽

Crespo Jorge ◽

Domínguez Irma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Postgraduate Students ◽

The Mediterranean

BACKGROUND: In Spain, there are several studies published on the relationship between eating habits and lifestyle among university students; but only a few of them are focused on online postgraduate students. OBJECTIVE: Herein we aimed to evaluate the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid (2010 edition), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and lifestyle in online postgraduate students aged 20–65 years belonging to the food area of the Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana (FUNIBER). METHODS: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study including 100 online post-graduate students aged 20–65 years who were recruited by an accidental non-probabilistic sampling method consisting of a questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics, NCDs, lifestyle, and a 3-day food intake record (3-d). RESULTS: The profile of the students was 74% women, with a mean age of 36.6 (±10.5) years and body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 kg / m2 (±3.3). 71% of the volunteers presented normal weight, while 20% were overweight. Indeed, only a low percentage of the volunteers presented hypertension (1%), cardiovascular disease (0%), diabetes mellitus 1 (2%), diabetes mellitus 2 (3%), hypercholesterolemia (9%), and hyperuricemia (2%). Concerning lifestyle, (77%) of students were non-smokers, (78%) consumed beverages with caffeine, (51%) did not consume alcoholic beverages, and nearly all of them (84%) frequently (3 times /week) practiced physical activity. (68%) of the recruited students exhibited adherence to “Medium diet quality diet (4–7)” followed by (26%) with a “Poor diet quality (<3) and “Optimal diet quality” (6%). CONCLUSION: Spanish postgraduate students of the nutritional area, have good health and a healthy lifestyle but are moving away from the MD model, should be established campaigns for the improvement of eating habits of the postgraduate university population.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ADHERENCE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET AMONG GIRLS AND ADOLESCENTS WHO PERFORM RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-869220192504175283 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 280-284

Author(s):

Mercedes Vernetta Santana ◽

Isabel Montosa Mirón ◽

Leopoldo Ariza Vargas ◽

Jesús López Bedoya

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Age Groups ◽

Total Sample ◽

Diagnostic Study ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽

The Mediterranean

ABSTRACT Introduction: Eating habits are one of the underlying aspects in rhythmic gymnastics as a sport with an aesthetic component. Objective: To evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in girls and adolescents who perform rhythmic gymnastics, and the relationship of this adherence with Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference. Methods: A prospective, descriptive comparative cross-sectional study with the participation of 221 gymnasts aged between 7 and 17 years. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was analyzed using the KIDMED test. The waist circumference, height and weight of each gymnast were measured and the BMI calculated. Results: 41.63%, 52.94% and 5.43% of the total sample exhibited high, medium and low adherence, respectively, to the Mediterranean diet. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated significant differences in the rate of adherence to the Mediterranean diet between the two age groups, U = 5007.0, p = .016, r = .162. The adolescent gymnasts had greater adherence than the younger gymnasts. The total sample showed a positive correlation of the rate of adherence with weight (Rho = .143, p = .034), BMI (Rho = .152, p = .024) and waist circumference (Rho = .180, p = .007). Conclusions: The eating habits of adolescent gymnasts with regard to the Mediterranean diet are healthier than those of the younger gymnasts. All participants had normal BMI values. The KIDMED values of the total sample were related to weight and BMI. The high percentages of younger gymnasts with mean adherence to the MD evidenced the need to approximate their eating habits with Mediterranean standards. Level of evidence II; Comparative diagnostic study.

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Comparative Study Regarding the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Eating Habits of Two Groups—The Romanian Children and Adolescents Living in Nord-West of Romania and Their Romanian Counterparts Living in Italy

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10092045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2045

Author(s):

Costanza Pira ◽

Gianfranco Trapani ◽

Maurizio Fadda ◽

Concetta Finocchiaro ◽

Enrico Bertino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Fast Food ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Test Results ◽

Westernized Diet ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Significant Health

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with significant health benefits, including prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Given the important migratory flow from Romania to Italy in recent decades, this study seeks to evaluate the differences between the nutritional habits of Romanian children and adolescents in Romania compared with those of Romanian children who moved to Italy or were born in Italy from both Romanian parents. Method: To assess adherence to MD, parents of Romanian children in Romania (RCR) and Romanian children in Italy (RCI) answered questions from an adapted version of the KIDMED test. Results: The results show that the high KIDMED index among RCI is significantly higher than the same index among RCR (68.09 versus 17.76, p < 0.05). RCR obtained a higher KIDMED score on different items: they had a lower consumption of fast food and sweets but an increased consumption of nuts, yogurts, and cheese. Conclusions: RCI have a better adherence to MD, but, at the same time, they are more exposed to westernized diet and practice less physical activity. Nutrition education is an important tool for improving health outcome.

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Association among Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular, Obesity, and Anthropometric Variables of Overweight and Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2750 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo ◽

Noelia González-Gálvez ◽

Alejandro Espeso-García ◽

Tomás Abelleira-Lamela ◽

Abraham López-Vivancos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Independent Factor ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Double Product ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMedDiet), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and different parameters of overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults. Sixty-two participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fat mass was measured with Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. AMedDiet and physical activity (PA) were assessed with the PREDIMED and Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ). Maximal aerobic power was assessed using the 6-min walk test. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) were measured with Omron M6, and double product (DP) and mean BP (MBP) were calculated. Kinanthropometry proportionality variables related to obesity were also calculated. Participants with a low CRF as an independent factor or together with a low AMedDiet obtained significantly higher BP, total and trunk fat mass, and proportionality variables (all p ˂ 0.0001). According to the multiple nonlinear regression analysis, Vo2max, AMedDiet, and sex explained 53.4% of SBP, with this formula: 238.611 − (3.63*Vo2max) + (0.044*Vo2max2) − (13.051*AMedDiet) + (0.68*AMedDiet2) + (12.887*sex). SBP and p rediction SBP with the new formula showed a correlation of 0.731 (p ˂ 0.0001); showing a difference between the values of −0.278 (p = 0.883). In conclusion, CRF as an independent factor and combined with AMedDiet can be associated with BP, body composition, and proportionality in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults.

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Cooking at Home and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet During the COVID-19 Confinement: The Experience From the Croatian COVIDiet Study

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.617721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Danijela Pfeifer ◽

Josip Rešetar ◽

Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić ◽

Ines Panjkota Krbavčić ◽

Darija Vranešić Bender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Adult Population ◽

Dietary Behavior ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

Introduction: The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in dietary behavior among the Croatian adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore the impact of confinement on cooking habits.Methods: The study was based on results from COVIDiet_Int cross-sectional study—a part of COVIDiet project (NCT04449731). A self-administered online questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of food consumption, eating habits, and sociodemographic information. A total number of 4,281 participants (80.5% females and 19.4% males) completed the questionnaire.Results: The Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score before the confinement was 5.02 ± 1.97, while during the confinement, the MEDAS score increased to 5.85 ± 2.04. Participants who had higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) during the confinement were mostly females (88.8%), aged between 20 and 50 years, with the highest level of education (66.3%) and normal BMI (70.6%). The majority of participants maintained their dietary behavior as it was before COVID-19 confinement, while 36.9% decreased their physical activity. Participants with higher MEDAS score were more eager to increase their physical activity. Additionally, higher median values of MEDAS score were noted for participants with body mass index values below 24.9 kg/m2 (6.0 vs. 5.0 for participants with BMI above 25 kg/m2). Participants in all residence places increased their cooking frequency during the confinement (53.8%), which was associated with an increase in vegetables, legumes, as well as fish and seafood consumption.Conclusions: According to our findings, Croatian adults exhibited medium adherence to the MedDiet during the COVID-19 confinement. The results suggest that cooking frequency could be positively associated with overall dietary quality, which is of utmost importance in these demanding times.

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