scholarly journals An optimal glycemic load range is better for reducing obesity and diabetes risk among middle-aged and elderly adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyi He ◽  
Chaogang Chen ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Yiqin Qi ◽  
Xiuhong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Due to the lack of evidence, advice pertaining to glycemic load (GL) can be misleading. Does the excessive restriction of GL, mostly through an extreme reduction in carbohydrate intake, result in a relatively high intake of fat and protein and result in overweight and obesity? This study was performed to initially explore the optimal GL range. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 2029 participants aged 40 years or older in Guangzhou, China was conducted. Participants were divided into four groups according to cluster analysis. Dietary data were assessed using a previously validated 3-day food record. Results Instead of participants with the highest [cluster 1, median (interquartile ranges) GL was 112(107–119)/1000 kcal] and the lowest GL intake [cluster 4, 90(82–96)/1000 kcal], those with moderate GL intakes [clusters 2 and 3, 93(85–102) and 93(85–99)/1000 kcal, respectively] had a lower prevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes. In addition, clusters 2 and 3 were more consistent with the macronutrient intake reference with adequate micronutrient intake. Therefore, the optimal GL range was determined to be (85–100)/1000 kcal, rather than “lower is better”. Conclusions Reducing the GL intake to prevent diabetes deserves more attention in the context of a balanced diet. An appropriate GL may be better than excessive restriction.

scholarly journals Gender inequalities in diet quality and their socioeconomic patterning in a nutrition transition context in the MENA region

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mehdi Abassi ◽  
Jalila El Ati ◽  
Sonia Sassi ◽  
Houda Ben Gharbia ◽  
Francis Delpeuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interval Variables ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIntroduction: The Middle East and North Africa region features marked gender excess adiposity inequalities detrimental to women in a context of nutrition transition with major shifts in lifestyle and diet. We assessed gender inequalities in dietary intake with a focus on diet quality. Sociodemographic patterning of these gender dietary inequalities was explored.Methods: A cross-sectional study in the Greater Tunis region (Tunisia) in 2009–2010 surveyed 20–49 y old adults of both genders (women n = 1689, men n = 930) using a stratified, two-stage cluster sample. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record. We assessed diet quality by the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) /100 and sub-components (variety, adequacy, moderation, balance); DQI-I > 60 defined good diet quality. Gender inequalities measures were women vs. men differences of means for interval variables and odds-ratios (OR) for DQI-I > 60. Their variation with sociodemographic characteristics were estimated by models featuring gender x covariate interactions.Results: Mean energy intake in kcal was 2300 ± 15 for women vs. 2859 ± 32 for men. By 1000 g/kcal/day women consumed more fruits and sweets but less red meat and soft drinks than men. Mean DQI-I was lower among women vs. men (58.6 ± 0.3 vs. 60.4 ± 0.3, diff = -1.8[-2.6;-1.0], P < 0.0001) as well as proportion of DQI-I > 60 (45.2% vs. 55.7%, OR = 0.7[0.5;0.8], P < 0.0001). Gender differences varied with the 4 sub-components: women vs. men had lower mean variety (10.1 ± 0.1 vs. 12.1 ± 0.2, diff = -2.0[-2.3;-1.6], P < 0.0001) and adequacy scores (30.8 ± 0.1 vs. 32.5 ± 0.1, diff = -1.8[-2.0;-1.5], P < 0.0001) (for the latter they scored a little better than men for the fruit item, but had much lower scores than men for iron and also calcium). But women scored better than men on the moderation score (14.2 ± 0.2 vs. 12.3 ± 0.2, diff = + 1.8[1.4;2.2], P < 0.0001), mostly due to their better score on the cholesterol and sodium items. There was no difference for the balance subcomponent. Adjusted gender inequalities in DQI-I decreased with age, were higher in larger households and were also higher in the extreme categories of education i.e. no-schooling and university vs. the middle categories.Conclusions: Diet quality was overall average. It was lower for women than men. Women vs. men differences in diet quality varied somewhat according to sociodemographic indicators linked to different gender roles. We also showed that gender contrasts depend on which dimension of diet quality is considered (better moderation but worse adequacy and variety for women). That maybe a pathway for gender specific prevention.

scholarly journals Helping consumers make a more conscious nutritional choice: acceptability of nutrition information at a cafeteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Turconi ◽  
Rosella Bazzano ◽  
Carla Roggi ◽  
Hellas Cena
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Content Information

AbstractObjectiveA few studies link out-of-home eating to higher energy consumption, overweight and obesity in both adults and children. The present study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional value of meals available in a university cafeteria, in order to develop a target nutritional tool to help consumers make a more conscious nutritional choice.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingIn a university cafeteria in Pavia, northern Italy, the recipes and ingredients of each meal served during the whole year were obtained from the cooks. Energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre contents were computed for each meal standardized portion. Thirteen pyramid figures, subdivided into three coloured levels, were used to depict the energy and nutrient content of each meal.SubjectsFour hundred randomly selected customers were interviewed on the cafeteria nutritional proposal.ResultsFoods available in the cafeteria consisted of 216 items and were distributed in the pyramids according to their energy content: the lowest ones at the bottom (green level) and the highest ones at the top (red level), passing through an orange level in the middle. Energy values ranged from 460 kJ (110 kcal) for a portion of dressed vegetables to 5021 kJ (1200 kcal) for a pizza. The depicted pyramids were displayed in the cafeteria, so that customers could choose their meal according to its nutritional value. The meals’ nutritional content information was perceived very helpful for customers’ nutritional choices.ConclusionsAvailability of nutrition information in the cafeteria was well accepted by the customers who could plan their meals according to a more balanced diet.

scholarly journals Differences in Danish children's diet quality on weekdays v. weekend days

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit W Rothausen ◽  
Jeppe Matthiessen ◽  
Camilla Hoppe ◽  
Per B Brockhoff ◽  
Lene F Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars

AbstractObjectiveTo compare differences in children's diet quality on weekdays (Monday–Thursday), Fridays and weekend days.DesignA representative cross-sectional study in which participants completed a 7 d pre-coded food record. Mean intakes of energy, macronutrients and selected food items (g/10 MJ) as well as energy density were compared between weekdays, Fridays and weekend days for each gender in three age groups (4–6, 7–10 and 11–14 years) using Tobit analysis to account for zero intakes.SettingThe Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity 2003–2008.SubjectsChildren (n 784; 49·9 % boys) aged 4–14 years.ResultsFor both genders in all age groups (P < 0·05), energy intake was higher during weekends than on weekdays, and intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and white bread were higher, whereas intake of rye bread was lower. This contributed to a higher percentage of energy from added sugars, a lower fibre content and a higher energy density on weekend days v. weekdays. In children aged 4–6 and 7–10 years, the diet on weekend days was also characterized by higher intakes of sweets and chocolate and lower intakes of fruit and vegetables. Overall, the diet on Fridays appeared as a mix of the diets on weekdays and weekend days.ConclusionsSignificant differences and distinct characteristic patterns were found in children's diet quality during weekdays, Fridays and weekend days. The present study suggests that in prevention of childhood overweight and obesity, more attention should be paid to the higher energy intake, especially from sugar-rich foods and beverages, on Fridays and weekend days.

Breakfast Skipping Is an Independent Predictor of Obesity but not Overweight Among Children in a Southeastern European Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genc Burazeri ◽  
Jolanda Hyska ◽  
Iris Mone ◽  
Enver Roshi
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Skipping

Abstract.Aim: To assess the association of breakfast skipping with overweight and obesity among children in Albania, a post-communist country in the Western Balkans, which is undergoing a long and difficult political and socioeconomic transition towards a market-oriented economy. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out in Albania in 2013 including a representative sample of 5810 children aged 7.0 – 9.9 years (49.5% girls aged 8.4 ± 0.6 years and 51.5% boys aged 8.5 ± 0.6 years; overall response rate: 97%). Children were measured for height and weight, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Cut-off BMI values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used to define overweight and obesity in children. Demographic data were also collected. Results: Upon adjustment for age, sex, and place of residence, breakfast skipping was positively related to obesity (WHO criteria: OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; IOTF criteria: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.5), but not overweight (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.3 and OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.4, respectively). Furthermore, breakfast skipping was associated with a higher BMI (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07). Conclusions: Our findings point to a strong and consistent positive relationship between breakfast skipping and obesity, but not overweight, among children in this transitional southeastern European population. Future studies in Albania and other transitional settings should prospectively examine the causal role of breakfast skipping in the development of overweight and obesity.

A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Samar Hossain ◽  
Sharma Priyanka ◽  
Talib Hossain ◽  
Surendra Mohan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

STUDY ON THRIVE SCORE IN THE PROGNOSIS OF ISCHEMIC STROKE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Thi Thao Nhi Tran ◽  
Dinh Toan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Words Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Outcome Mortality ◽  
Better Than

Background and Purpose: Stroke is the second cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability. Using the clinical scale to predict the outcome of the patient play an important role in clinical practice. The Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) score has shown broad utility, allowing prediction of clinical outcome and death. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducting on 102 patients with acute ischemic stroke using THRIVE score. The outcome of patient was assessed by mRankin in the day of 30 after stroke. Statistic analysis using SPSS 15.0. Results: There was 60.4% patient in the group with THRIVE score 0 – 2 points having a good outcome (mRS 0 - 2), patient group with THRIVE score 6 - 9 having a high rate of bad outcome and mortality. Having a positive correlation between THRIVE score on admission and mRankin score at the day 30 after stroke with r = 0.712. THRIVE score strongly predicts clinical outcome with ROC-AUC was 0.814 (95% CI 0.735 - 0.893, p<0.001), Se 69%, Sp 84% and the cut-off was 2. THRIVE score strongly predicts mortality with ROC-AUC was 0.856 (95% CI 0.756 - 0.956, p<0.01), Se 86%, Sp 77% and the cut-off was 3. Analysis of prognostic factors by multivariate regression models showed that THRIVE score was only independent prognostic factor for the outcome of post stroke patients. Conclusions: The THRIVE score is a simple-to-use tool to predict clinical outcome, mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. Despite its simplicity, the THRIVE score performs better than several other outcome prediction tools. Key words: Ischemic stroke, THRIVE, prognosis, outcome, mortality

FOOD CONSUMPTION OF CHILDREN AGED 1 TO 5 IN PHUOC VINH WARD, HUE CITY BY 24 HOURS FOOD RECORDING

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Thi Bach Yen Hoang ◽  
Thi Hai Pham ◽  
Dinh Tuyen Hoang ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Food Consumed

Food consumption survey is an essential parts of nutrition surveys. It helps to determine the type and quantity of food consumed, assessing the balance of the diet, the relationship between nutrient intake and health, diseases, and economic status, culture society... There are many methods to investigate food consumption. 24-hour food record is a method that record all food consumed by the subject during previous 24 hours. Using this method in chidren helps to assess the their diet to see if it responses the demand in order to have proper nutrition. Objectives: 1. Calculating the number of each food groups consumed within 24 hours of children 1 to 5 years in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue City; 2. Assessing the quality of their diet and some related factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 200 pairs of children aged 1 to 5 and parents or caregivers living in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue city and some related factors. Results: 82% of the children’s diets covered 4 food groups. Prevalence of glucide, protein, lipide out of the total energy intake were 44.1%, 19.5%, 36.3% respectively within group of 12-<48 months and 50%, 19.5%, 30.6% respectively within group of 48-<72 months. Total energy and protein intake were higher than demanded (p <0.05) while glucide and lipide were lower than demanded (p <0.05). Economical status of family was significant associated with variety of food (all 4 food groups) in the diet of children (p <0.05) and total energy consumed (p <0.05). Conclusion: The children did not have proper nutrition so further research need to be implemented to have suitable interventions. Key words: 24 hours food records, children aged 1 to 5, Hue city.

Relationship between breastfeeding and obesity in high school girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Mardani ◽  
Sadegh Rezapour ◽  
Fereshteh Hajipour
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Type ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
School Girls

AbstractObjectivesSome factors in infancy can play a role in the development of adolescent obesity. Understanding these factors can help prevent early complications in adolescents associated with obesity in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school girls in Khorramabad and its relationship with breastfeeding history.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in 832 high school girls during the academic year 2016–2017. Samples were selected by multi-stage random sampling. General questionnaires, physical activity, and 24-h food questions were completed through interviews with students. Data regarding breastfeeding was obtained by mothers.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study population was 16.3 and 5.8%, respectively. Overweight and obesity had a significant association with breastfeeding history (p = 0.001), while there was no significant relationship between overweight and obesity with school type, student’s age, parental occupation, education Parents, household size, birth rate, physical activity, and energy intake.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that breast feeding has a protective effect on overweight and obesity during adolescence. To reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, necessary education regarding breastfeeding should be provided.

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