scholarly journals Galectin-1 as a predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahak Masoodi ◽  
Zafar A. Shah ◽  
Afaq H. Beigh ◽  
Sheikh Zahoor Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Wahid Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Aim There is an urgent need to set up a useful biomarker for ovarian cancer. Galectin-1 is a promising carbohydrate-binding protein which plays a remarkable role in various malignancies yet its clinical significance is questionable. In this study, we have tested the clinical implications of serum Galectin-1 levels in patients with ovarian tumours. Main methods Serum Galectin-1 levels were quantified in 84 newly diagnosed ovarian tumour patients and 20 healthy controls by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay during the course of the disease. Therefore the samples were taken at diagnosis, after surgery and after chemotherapy. Key findings The Galectin-1 levels were found to be associated with various variables of Ovarian Cancer patients. The levels were found to be prominently high in postmenopausal patients. Galectin-1 levels were raised in epithelial ovarian tumours with significantly high levels in serous subtype. A decrease in Galectin-1 levels post-surgical intervention and after receiving chemotherapy was found. Galectin-1 levels evidently distinguished between normal, benign, malignant and metastatic cases as compared to CA125 levels. Galectin-1 demonstrated to be a better biomarker than CA125 according to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Significance The study emphasizes that serum Galectin-1 may serve as a better surrogate biomarker in Ovarian Cancer for early detection, discriminating between malignant and benign abdominal masses and monitoring the progression of the disease and response to treatment.

scholarly journals The Inhibitory Effect of KIAA1456 on the Proliferation and Metastasis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Through SSX1 and AKT Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfeng Zhang ◽  
Yanhong Gao ◽  
Congcong Sun ◽  
Yanhua Mao ◽  
Benyuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Tumours

Abstract Background: KIAA1456 is effective in the inhibition of tumorigenesis. We previously confirmed that KIAA1456 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in epithelial ovarian tumours. In the current study, the specific molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of KIAA1456 underlying the repression of epithelial ovarian cancer were investigated.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the protein expression of KIAA1456 and SSX1 in epithelial ovarian tumours and normal ovarian tissues. The relationship of KIAA1456 and SSX1 with overall survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer was analysed with Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log-rank tests. KIAA1456 was overexpressed and silenced in HO8910PM cells with a lentivirus. The anticancer activity of KIAA1456 was tested by CCK8, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Xenograft tumour models were used to investigate the effects of KIAA1456 on tumour growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analyses of microarray profiling indicated that SSX1 and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway were differentially expressed in KIAA1456-overexpressing and control cells. Therefore, the biological function of HO8910PM cotransfected with KIAA1456- and SSX1-overexpressing cells was detected to validate the rescue effect of SSX1. The downstream factors of PI3K/AKT that are related to cell growth and apoptosis, including p-AKT, PCNA, MMP9, CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, were detected by Western blot analysis.Results: KIAA1456 expression was lower in epithelial ovarian tumours than in normal ovarian tissues. Its expression level negatively correlated with pathological grade. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that KIAA1456 negatively correlated with SSX1 expression. The overexpression of KIAA1456 in HO8910PM cells inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis. By contrast, the silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. A xenograft tumour experiment showed that KIAA1456 overexpression inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, the overexpression of KIAA1456 inhibited SSX1 expression and AKT phosphorylation in HO8910PM cells, causing the inactivation of the AKT signalling pathway and eventually reducing the expression of PCNA, CyclinD1, MMP9 and Bcl2. Similarly, the silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. Finally, SSX1 overexpression could partially reverse the KIAA1456-induced biological effect.Conclusion: KIAA1456 may serve as a tumour suppressor via the inactivation of SSX1 and the AKT pathway, providing a promising therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancers.

Biochemical Markers in Ovarian Cancer: Possibilities and Limitations

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
W G Haije
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Tumour Antigens ◽  
Epithelial Tumours ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Tumours

Cancer of the ovary is the commonest cause of death from gynaecological neoplasms. As ovarian tumours are relatively inaccessible, there is a great need for methods to improve early diagnosis and to assist with the management of patients with this disease. In this presentation the state of the art is discussed with regard to the usefulness of the presently recognised ‘tumour antigens’ and other biochemical markers in ovarian cancer. Of the oncodevelopmental antigens, only alpha fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin are well established as good markers in tumours with, respectively, yolk sac and trophoblastic elements. Carcinoembryonic antigen seems from our own experience to be an unreliable marker in cancer of the ovary. In epithelial tumours, which constitute the majority of ovarian malignancies, mostly serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, some tumour products have been described, which may have potential as a marker, for example, ovarian cancer associated antigens, some glycoprotein glycosyltransferases, and also carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatases (CPAP). Recently, in patients with epithelial ovarian tumours attending our institute, multiple biochemical markers have been studied, including CPAP, phosphohexose isomerase, and some acute phase reactant proteins. The preliminary results, which will be discussed, show that longitudinal studies of some of these markers could have clinical application in follow-up. It must be concluded that, in spite of all efforts so far, and although some markers may become useful, early detection of ovarian cancer is a goal still to be reached by clinical chemistry in the field of oncology.

scholarly journals Paediatric ovarian tumours and their associated cancer susceptibility syndromes

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Goudie ◽  
Leora Witkowski ◽  
Stephanie Vairy ◽  
W Glenn McCluggage ◽  
William D Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Tumour Type ◽  
Cancer Predisposition Syndrome ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Pathological Review ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumours

Non-epithelial ovarian tumours are rare neoplasms that occasionally arise in childhood and adolescence. They can be associated with various cancer susceptibility syndromes. The morphological overlap seen across these tumours and their rarity can make the diagnosis challenging. In the case of an incorrect diagnosis, the underlying genetic susceptibility may be missed. In this review, we outline the genetic background of ovarian non-epithelial tumours arising in children, emphasizing the genes harbouring pathogenic germline variants associated with each tumour type. Specifically, juvenile granulosa cell tumours, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours, sex cord tumours with annular tubules, Sertoli cell tumours, germ cell tumours and small cell carcinoma of the ovary of hypercalcaemic type are discussed in this review. For each tumour type, we detail the personal and family history features and the presenting characteristics of the ovarian tumour as well as the pathological features and molecular markers that point towards a cancer predisposition syndrome. Throughout, we stress the need for specialised pathological review in difficult cases.

scholarly journals Morphological spectrum and epidemiological profile of ovarian tumours in black West African women at Lagos state university teaching hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2067
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Sanni ◽  
Sunday S. Soyemi ◽  
Abiodun O. Popoola ◽  
Kabiru A. Rabiu
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Cell Tumour ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Ovarian Tumours

Background: This study was done to evaluate the histological types, frequency and age distribution of ovarian tumours in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos State. This study also aims to classify ovarian tumours in this centre according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).Methods: A retrospective, descriptive hospital study of all ovarian specimens that were sent to the department of pathology and forensic medicine, LASUTH between 1st January, 2011 and 31st December, 2019 was done. Relevant data composed of the age distributions and histopathological types were extracted from the departmental information system and filed documents. The data was analysed using the IBM-SPSS version 25.0.Results: There were 198 cases of ovarian tumours. The mean age at diagnosis of ovarian tumours was 34.6±15.3 years. Unilateral ovarian tumour was observed in 91.9%% of cases while bilateral disease was seen in 8.1%. Primary ovarian tumours constitute 97.0% of all diagnosed tumours of the ovary. Germ cell tumour was the most frequently diagnosed ovarian tumour; and teratoma was the most common, representing 91.2% of germ cell tumours and 47.0% of all ovarian tumours. Primary ovarian cancer peaked at the 6th decade of life and metastatic ovarian cancer was infrequently seen. Serous carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed ovarian cancer.Conclusions: Ovarian tumour presents most frequently at the 4th decade of life, and germ cell tumour is the most common.

scholarly journals The mutational load and a T-cell inflamed tumour phenotype identify ovarian cancer patients rendering tumour-reactive T cells from PD-1+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Salas-Benito ◽  
Enrique Conde ◽  
Ibon Tamayo-Uria ◽  
Uxua Mancheño ◽  
Edurne Elizalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Nanostring Technology ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background Adoptive immunotherapy with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) may benefit from the use of selective markers, such as PD-1, for tumour-specific T-cell enrichment, and the identification of predictive factors that help identify those patients capable of rendering tumour-reactive TILs. We have investigated this in ovarian cancer (OC) patients as candidates for TIL therapy implementation. Methods PD-1− and PD-1+ CD8 TILs were isolated from ovarian tumours and expanded cells were tested against autologous tumour cells. Baseline tumour samples were examined using flow cytometry, multiplexed immunofluorescence and Nanostring technology, for gene expression analyses, as well as a next-generation sequencing gene panel, for tumour mutational burden (TMB) calculation. Results Tumour-reactive TILs were detected in half of patients and were exclusively present in cells derived from the PD-1+ fraction. Importantly, a high TIL density in the fresh tumour, the presence of CD137+ cells within the PD-1+CD8+ TIL subset and their location in the tumour epithelium, together with a baseline T-cell-inflamed genetic signature and/or a high TMB, are features that identify patients rendering tumour-reactive TIL products. Conclusion We have demonstrated that PD-1 identifies ovarian tumour-specific CD8 TILs and has uncovered predictive factors that identify OC patients who are likely to render tumour-specific cells from PD-1+ TILs.

Baseline apparent diffusion coefficients: Validation study of new predictor of survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma following chemoembolization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lichao Xu ◽  
Shiqin Wang ◽  
Shengping Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Wentao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Response Biomarker ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the baseline apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can predict survival in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving chemoembolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of HCC patients is performed within 2 weeks before chemoembolization. The ADC of the largest index lesion is recorded. Responses are assessed by mRECIST after the start of the second course of chemoembolization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and determine optimal cut-off values. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses are used to explore the differences in overall survival (OS) between the responders and non-responders. RESULTS: The difference is statistically significant in the baseline ADC between the responders and non-responders (P <  0.001). ROC analyses indicate that the baseline ADC value is a good predictor of response to treatment with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.744 and the optimal cut-off value of 1.22×10–3 mm2/s. The Cox regression model shows that the baseline ADC is an independent predictor of OS, with a 57.2% reduction in risk. CONCLUSION: An optimal baseline ADC value is a functional imaging response biomarker that has higher discriminatory power to predict tumor response and prolonged survival following chemoembolization in HCC patients.

scholarly journals Targeting galectin-3 with a high-affinity antibody for inhibition of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and other MUC16/CA-125-expressing malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Stasenko ◽  
Evan Smith ◽  
Oladapo Yeku ◽  
Kay J. Park ◽  
Ian Laster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Matrigel Invasion ◽  
Galectin 3

AbstractThe lectin, galectin-3 (Gal3), has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory and oncogenic processes, including tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The interactions of Gal3 and MUC16 represent a potential targetable pathway for the treatment of MUC16-expressing malignancies. We found that the silencing of Gal3 in MUC16-expressing breast and ovarian cancer cells in vitro inhibited tumor cell invasion and led to attenuated tumor growth in murine models. We therefore developed an inhibitory murine monoclonal anti–Gal3 carbohydrate-binding domain antibody, 14D11, which bound human and mouse Gal3 but did not bind human Galectins-1, -7, -8 or -9. Competition studies and a docking model suggest that the 14D11 antibody competes with lactose for the carbohydrate binding pocket of Gal3. In MUC16-expressing cancer cells, 14D11 treatment blocked AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and led to inhibition of cancer cell Matrigel invasion. Finally, in experimental animal tumor models, 14D11 treatment led to prolongation of overall survival in animals bearing flank tumors, and retarded lung specific metastatic growth by MUC16 expressing breast cancer cells. Our results provide evidence that antibody based Gal3 blockade may be a viable therapeutic strategy in patients with MUC16-expressing tumors, supporting further development of human blocking antibodies against Gal3 as potential cancer therapeutics.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Tumor Progression and Metastatic Spread in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Karolina Seborova ◽  
Radka Vaclavikova ◽  
Lukas Rob ◽  
Pavel Soucek ◽  
Pavel Vodicka
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death among gynecological malignancies. Molecular changes occurring in the primary tumor lead to metastatic spread into the peritoneum and the formation of distant metastases. Identification of these changes helps to reveal the nature of metastases development and decipher early biomarkers of prognosis and disease progression. Comparing differences in gene expression profiles between primary tumors and metastases, together with disclosing their epigenetic regulation, provides interesting associations with progression and metastasizing. Regulatory elements from the non-coding RNA families such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs seem to participate in these processes and represent potential molecular biomarkers of patient prognosis. Progress in therapy individualization and its proper targeting also rely upon a better understanding of interactions among the above-listed factors. This review aims to summarize currently available findings of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs linked with tumor progression and metastatic process in ovarian cancer. These biomolecules provide promising tools for monitoring the patient’s response to treatment, and further they serve as potential therapeutic targets of this deadly disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Circulating MicroRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Rita Halvorsen ◽  
Gunnar Kristensen ◽  
Andy Embleton ◽  
Cybil Adusei ◽  
Maria Pilar Barretina-Ginesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Standard Chemotherapy ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Serous Tumors

Ovarian cancer patients are recognized with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify microRNAs in plasma for predicting response to treatment and outcome. We have investigated microRNAs in plasma from ovarian cancer patients enrolled in a large multicenter study (ICON7), investigating the effect of adding bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients with different histology, grade, and FIGO stages were included (n=207) in this study. Screening of 754 unique microRNAs was performed in the discovery phase (n=91) using TaqMan Low Density Arrays. The results were validated using single assays and RT-qPCR. Low levels of miR-200b, miR-1274A (tRNALys5), and miR-141 were significantly associated with better survival, confirmed with log-rank test in the validation set. The level of miR-1274A (tRNALys5) correlated with outcome was especially pronounced in the high-grade serous tumors. Interestingly, low level of miR-200c was associated with 5-month prolongation of PFS when treated with bevacizumab compared to standard chemotherapy. We found prognostic significance of miR-200b, miR-141, and miR-1274A (tRNALys5) in all histological types, where miR-1274A (tRNALys5) may be a specific marker in high-grade serous tumors. The level of miR-200c may be predictive of effect of treatment with bevacizumab. However, this needs further validation.

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