Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review

AbstractDengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for Aedes mosquitoes. Four main classes of insecticides are widely used for mosquito control: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. Here, we review the distribution of dengue fever from 2000 to 2020 and its associated mortality in Southeast Asian countries, and we gather evidence on the trend of insecticide resistance and its distribution in these countries since 2000, summarising the mechanisms involved. The prevalence of resistance to these insecticides is increasing in Southeast Asia, and the mechanisms of resistance are reported to be associated with target site mutations, metabolic detoxification, reduced penetration of insecticides via the mosquito cuticle and behavioural changes of mosquitoes. Continuous monitoring of the status of resistance and searching for alternative control measures will be critical for minimising any unpredicted outbreaks and improving public health. This review also provides improved insights into the specific use of insecticides for effective control of mosquitoes in these dengue endemic countries.

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A Survey on Awareness of Dengue Among Public

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1218-1221

Author(s):

Sai Sandhya T ◽

Geetha RV ◽

Lakshmi Thangavelu

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Muscle Pain ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Online Survey ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Control Measures ◽

Stagnant Water ◽

The Common

Dengue fever is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a non-contagious disease. It is a mosquito-borne viral disease which is spread by the female Ades mosquito. The mosquito breeds in the stagnant water. The symptoms of dengue include a headache, high fever, rashes, severe joint pain and muscle pain. Dengue fever lasts about 3-10days. There is no vaccination for dengue fever. Only preventive measures can be taken to avoid the disease. An online survey was conducted. The participants were asked to take the survey, and the responses were collected. The results are statistically analysed. From the survey, the results are obtained.66% of them said that dengue is transmissible.33% of them are unaware of the common symptoms of dengue. 79% of them say that there are no specific vaccinations for dengue. 71% of the participants say that mosquito breeds in stagnant water. In conclusion, although the awareness regarding dengue and mosquito control measures was quite high, more emphases should be laid on putting this knowledge into practice.

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Tumbuhan Obat: Pendekatan Alternatif dalam Pengendalian Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Virus Dengue Penyebab Demam Dengue

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Ign Joko Suyono ◽

Aditya K. Karim

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Major Health ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Control And Prevention

Dengue is the most important emerging tropical viral disease of humans in the world today. Aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector responsible for transmitting many viral diseases and this mosquito that spreads major health problems like dengue fever. The resistance of Ae. aegypti to insecticides is already widespread and represents a serious problem for programmes aimed at the control and prevention of dengue in tropical countries. The search for compounds extracted from medicinal plant preparations as alternatives insecticide for mosquito control is in immediate need. Alternative approach for control Ae. aegypti dan virus dengue using the medicinal plant will be discussed in this paper.Key words: Medicinal plant, Aedes aegypti, dengue fever, dengue haemorragi fever, dengue shock syndrome

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Biological Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: The Potential ofWolbachia-Based Interventions in an IVM Framework

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/1470459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

El Hadji Amadou Niang ◽

Hubert Bassene ◽

Florence Fenollar ◽

Oleg Mediannikov

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Control Measures ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

Control Approach ◽

Commensal Microbiota ◽

Current State ◽

The World

People living in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world face an enormous health burden due to mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis. Historically and today, targeting mosquito vectors with, primarily, insecticide-based control strategies have been a key control strategy against major mosquito-borne diseases. However, the success to date of such approaches is under threat from multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms while vector control (VC) options are still limited. The situation therefore requires the development of innovative control measures against major mosquito-borne diseases. Transinfecting mosquitos with symbiotic bacteria that can compete with targeted pathogens or manipulate host biology to reduce their vectorial capacity are a promising and innovative biological control approach. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about the association between mosquitoes andWolbachia, emphasizing the limitations of different mosquito control strategies and the use of mosquitoes’ commensal microbiota as innovative approaches to control mosquito-borne diseases.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Dengue Fever among University Students

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v4i13.5225 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Amin AZ ◽

Fatimah S ◽

Wan Nur Asikin WO ◽

Nor Azean M ◽

Razif D

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Good Practice ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted to humans by the bite of infested females of the main vector Aedes aegypti and to lesser extent Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.Knowledgeregardingdenguefever(DF)isveryimportantamongstudents to create awareness for practicing the prevention and increase the student’s attitude levels. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Dengue Fever among University Students. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in at nine campuses in two states in Malaysia. A purposive sampling technique was used of 1144 students who residing in this public university collegesfrom the selected setting and willing to participate in the study. Self-administered questionnaire consisted of four sections, socio-demographic proﬁle, the knowledge, attitude and practice related to dengue/ mosquito control. The data were entered and analyzed using IBM Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) for Window, version 23 and descriptive analyses were executed for each variable. Results: In total, 74% of the participants were female and 26% male, ages ranged from 18 to 39 years. Overall 97.8% of them ever heard of DF and the predominant source of the information was media (86.4%). Fever, joint pains and headache was well known as a symptom of DF for most of students. They knew that Aedes mosquitoes transmit DF(94.8%)andstagnantwateristhemainsourceformosquitobreeding(94.8%).Many participants aware that removal of stagnant water (89.2%), using mosquito repellents (88.9%),tightlycoveringwatercontainers(86%)andtheuseofwindowsscreenandbed nets (82.5%) able to prevent mosquito breeding and reduced contact with mosquitoes. Consulting a physician for DF (92.7%), taking plenty of rest (86.1%) and drink plenty of water (81.4%) was the best management for DF. Most of the students agreed (97.3%) that dengue is a serious illness. They agreed that communities should actively participate in controlling the vectors of dengue virus (94.7%) in which controlling the breeding places of mosquitoes, a good strategy to prevent DF (97.5%). Thus, this study revealed that the respondents had perceived inadequate knowledge (85.0%), poor attitude (58.0%) and poor practice (88.0%) of Dengue fever. Conclusion: In conclusion, although this study discovered that the students’ had basic knowledge, aware of the seriousness of the disease and practiced some level of prevention related to DF but the needs of educational programs adapting transformational learning and strategies by the university such as developing student’s friendly and continuous information regardingDFaspartofhealthpromotionstrategiesandtheneedsofholisticapproach, community participation and cooperation is important to impart knowledge and foster good practices in the prevention and controlling of dengue not only in the campus but trigger good practice among the community in general.

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Re-emergence of dengue virus in regional Queensland: 2019 dengue virus outbreak in Rockhampton, Central Queensland, Australia

Communicable Diseases Intelligence ◽

10.33321/cdi.2021.45.31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

Author(s):

Jacina Walker ◽

Alyssa Pyke ◽

Paul Florian ◽

Fred Moore ◽

Nicolas Smoll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Control Measures ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Vector Surveillance

Objective(s): To describe an autochthonous dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) outbreak in Central Queensland from May 2019 and subsequent public health actions. Design and setting: Public health outbreak investigation of locally acquired DENV-2 cases in Rockhampton, Central Queensland. This included laboratory investigations, associated mosquito vector surveillance, and control measures implemented in response to the outbreak. Results: Twenty-one locally-acquired DENV-2 cases were identified during the Rockhampton outbreak (from 23 May to 7 October 2019): 13 laboratory-confirmed and eight probable cases. Clinical symptoms included lethargy (100%); fever (95%); headache (95%); and aches and pains (90%). Inspections of premises demonstrated that <i>Aedes aegypti</i> was present in 9.5% of those investigated which was more than half of the premises identified as containing mosquitoes. Nucleotide sequencing of a DENV-2 isolate recovered from the first confirmed case and DENV-2 RNA from an additional 5 patients indicated a single DENV-2 strain was responsible for the outbreak which was most closely related to DENV-2 strains from Southeast Asia. Conclusions: The 2019 DENV-2 outbreak in Rockhampton, Central Queensland, Australia, likely resulted from the importation of a strain, most closely related to DENV-2 strains from Southeast Asia and is the first reported outbreak in the region specifically implicating DENV-2. Given the presence of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> in Rockhampton, appropriate medical and mosquito avoidance advice; ongoing surveillance; and deployment of mosquito control strategies for the prevention of dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases should be priorities for this region.

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Pest Management Challenges and Control Practices in Codling Moth: A Review

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11010038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martina Kadoić Balaško ◽

Renata Bažok ◽

Katarina M. Mikac ◽

Darija Lemic ◽

Ivana Pajač Živković

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Control ◽

Pome Fruit ◽

Proactive Management

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., is a serious insect pest in pome fruit production worldwide with a preference for apple. The pest is known for having developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, making its control difficult. The control and management of the codling moth is often hindered by a lack of understanding about its biology and ecology, including aspects of its population genetics. This review summarizes the information about the origin and biology of the codling moth, describes the mechanisms of resistance in this pest, and provides an overview of current research of resistant pest populations and genetic research both in Europe and globally. The main focus of this review is on non-pesticide control measures and anti-resistance strategies which help to reduce the number of chemical pesticides used and their residues on food and the local environment. Regular monitoring for insecticide resistance is essential for proactive management to mitigate potential insecticide resistance. Here we describe techniques for the detection of resistant variants and possibilities for monitoring resistance populations. Also, we present our present work on developing new methods to maintain effective control using appropriate integrated resistance management (IRM) strategies for this economically important perennial pest.

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Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti from Tapachula, Mexico: Spatial variation and response to historical insecticide use

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. e0009746

Author(s):

Francisco Solis-Santoyo ◽

Americo D. Rodriguez ◽

R. Patricia Penilla-Navarro ◽

Daniel Sanchez ◽

Alfredo Castillo-Vera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Spatial Variation ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Control Programs ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

The Status ◽

Moderate Resistance ◽

The City

Background Insecticide use continues as the main strategy to control Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. In the city of Tapachula, Mexico, mosquito control programs switched from pyrethroids to organophosphates for outdoor spatial spraying in 2013. Additionally, the spraying scheme switched from total coverage to focused control, prioritizing areas with higher entomological-virological risk. Five years after this strategy had been implemented, we evaluated the status and variability of insecticide resistance among Ae. aegypti collected at 26 sites in Tapachula. Methodology/Principal findings We determined the lethal concentrations at 50% of the tested populations (LC50) using a bottle bioassay, and then, we calculated the resistance ratio (RR) relative to the susceptible New Orleans strain. Permethrin and deltamethrin (pyrethroids), chlorpyrifos and malathion (organophosphates), and bendiocarb (carbamate) were tested. The frequencies of the substitutions V1016I and F1534C, which are in the voltage-gated sodium channel and confer knockdown-resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides, were calculated. Despite 5 years having passed since the removal of pyrethroids from the control programs, Ae. aegypti remained highly resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin (RR > 10-fold). In addition, following 5 years of chlorpyrifos use, mosquitoes at 15 of 26 sites showed moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos (5- to 10-fold), and the mosquitoes from one site were highly resistant. All sites had low resistance to malathion (< 5-fold). Resistance to bendiocarb was low at 19 sites, moderate at five, and high at two. Frequencies of the V1016I ranged from 0.16–0.71, while C1534 approached fixation at 23 sites (0.8–1). Resistance profiles and kdr allele frequencies varied across Tapachula. The variability was not associated with a spatial pattern at the scale of the sampling. Conclusion/Significance Mosquito populations respond to selection pressure at a focal scale in the field. Spatial variation across sites highlights the importance of testing multiple sites within geographical regions.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice on dengue fever and its prevention and control measures in urban slums of South India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173363 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 3013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khadervali Nagoor ◽

Surendra Babu D. ◽

Bayapa Reddy N. ◽

Shakeer Kahn ◽

Reddy Jawaharbasha Kalluri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a viral infection carried by Aedesaegypti. Dengue is one of the major public health concerns and an emergent disease and contributes annual outbreaks in India. The aims and objectives of the study were to know the levels of knowledge regarding causation and modes of transmission Dengue fever in urban slums of Chittoor and to know the levels of awareness and practices regarding the prevention and control measures against dengue fever.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done in urban slums of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh. The data from the family members residing in 100 households of urban slums were randomly selected from the list and interviewed individually. Apart from education and occupation of the participants, information on knowledge about Dengue fever, preventive practices are taken. The results were shown in proportions, percentage and association of the knowledge attitude and practices with the different factors.Results: Over all 100 (males 57 and females 43) people were interviewed with the mean age of 34.5 years. Almost 68% of the individuals knew mosquito causes vector borne diseases irrespective of their educational status and majority of them were daily wagers. Amongst them more than 70% of them were using protective measures. Majority of them responded the probable breeding sites were plastic pots, muddy pots and vessels (38%). The most commonly using protective measures were mosquito repellants (33%) and coils (19%). More than 90% of the individual visit the hospital for health seeking.Conclusions: The awareness regarding dengue and mosquito control measures was satisfactory to an extent. Surveillance along with periodic health education to the community and proper training of health personnel is required.

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Development of an indirect ELISA for detection of antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep

10.33109/bjvmjj19fam3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (17) ◽

Author(s):

F. S. Sumi ◽

M. Nooruzzaman ◽

M. M. Rahman ◽

M. R. Islam ◽

E. H. Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Indirect Elisa ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Virus Antigen ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Control ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Antibody Conjugate ◽

Ppr Virus

Background: Emergence of exotic viral disease like peste des petits ruminants(PPR) possesses a great threat towards successful goat and sheep farming in Bangladesh. Implementation of effective control measures against PPR requires a proper and rapid diagnosis of the disease. Various diagnostic techniques are available for diagnosis of PPR in goats and sheep in Bangladesh. Among these, ELISA is an important technique to diagnose the disease as well as for seromonitoring. However, the ELISA kits that are being used in the country are mostly imported. This study was undertaken to develop an in-house indirect ELISA using local PPR virus isolate as an antigen.Methods: A local isolate of PPR virus (PPRV) was used as an antigen to develop an indirect ELISA kit. Standardization of the optimum antibody, conjugate and virus antigen concentration was performed using chequer-board titration with different dilutions of the reagents. Finally, the developed indirect ELISA kit was used in a pilot study to detect anti-PPRV antibodies in sheep sera samples.Results: A polyclonal antibody based indirect ELISA was developed successfully for the detection of PPRV antibodies. The developed ELISA could detect anti-PPRV antibody in sheep sera sample during our pilot field trial.Conclusions: After robust field validation, the indirect ELISA can be used to determine the antibody titer against PPRV in the field as to monitor the seroconversion after vaccination.

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Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August–September 2010

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.16.09.19805-en ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

Author(s):

I Gjenero-Margan ◽

B Aleraj ◽

D Krajcar ◽

V Lesnikar ◽

A Klobučar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Control Measures ◽

Dengue Case ◽

The Public

After information about a dengue case in Germany acquired in Croatia, health professionals and the public in Croatia were alerted to assess the situation and to enhance mosquito control, resulting in the diagnosis of a second case of autochthonous dengue fever in the same area and the detection of 15 persons with evidence of recent dengue infection. Mosquito control measures were introduced. The circumstances of dengue virus introduction to Croatia remain unresolved.

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