scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E and sex modulate fatty acid metabolism in a prospective observational study of cognitive decline

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl González-Domínguez ◽  
Pol Castellano-Escuder ◽  
Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast ◽  
Dorrain Y. Low ◽  
Andrea Du Preez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
E4 Allele ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Fatty acids play prominent roles in brain function as they participate in structural, metabolic and signaling processes. The homeostasis of fatty acids and related pathways is known to be impaired in cognitive decline and dementia, but the relationship between these metabolic disturbances and common risk factors, namely the ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE-ɛ4) gene and sex, remains elusive. Methods In order to investigate early alterations associated with cognitive decline in the fatty acid-related serum metabolome, we here applied targeted metabolomics analysis on a nested case-control study (N=368), part of a prospective population cohort on dementia. Results When considering the entire study population, circulating levels of free fatty acids, acyl-carnitines and pantothenic acid were found to be increased among those participants who had greater odds of cognitive decline over a 12-year follow-up. Interestingly, stratified analyses indicated that these metabolomic alterations were specific for ApoE-ɛ4 non-carriers and women. Conclusions Altogether, our results highlight that the regulation of fatty acids and related metabolic pathways during ageing and cognitive decline depends on complex inter-relationships between the ApoE-ε4 genotype and sex. A better understanding of the ApoE-ɛ4 and sex dependent modulation of metabolism is essential to elucidate the individual variability in the onset of cognitive decline, which would help develop personalized therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Metabolism of fatty acids, secondary complications and effects of physical exercise: integrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Djeyne Silveira Wagmacker ◽  
Alice Miranda De Oliveira ◽  
Edna Conceição De Oliveira ◽  
Alan Carlos Nery Dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Erlon Araújo Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Positive Effects

Introduction: Diet is a complex set of exposures that frequently interact, and whose cumulative effects influence the results of health. This includes effects on systemic inflammation markers in metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular diseases. Various studies have been presented relating the effect of physical exercise on lipids, however, the results are still controversial. Objective: To describe fatty acid metabolism and the effect of physical exercise on secondary complications. Methods: An integrative review was conducted on topics in the Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, published up to the year 2017. Results: Fatty acids, depending on their biochemical characteristics and spatial configuration, have differentiated effect on cardiovascular health, however, studies still present contradictory results about the therapeutic use of certain fatty acids. Physical exercise appears to benefit fatty acid metabolism and attenuate the complications secondary to the intake of certain fatty acids, and potentializes the positive effects of distinct fatty acids. Conclusion: However, variants of physical exercise, such as intensity, duration, time of observation of effects of the results, limit the authors to concluding, with a certain degree of certainty, about the effect of physical exercise on fatty acids and secondary complications, since the studies in the literature continue to be contradictory.Keywords: fatty acids, exercise, inflammation, oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Drug triggered pruritus, rash, papules, and blisters – is AGEP a clash of an altered sphingolipid-metabolism and lysosomotropism of drugs accumulating in the skin?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Blaess ◽  
Lars Kaiser ◽  
Oliver Sommerfeld ◽  
René Csuk ◽  
Hans-Peter Deigner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractRash, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme, and the acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are relatively uncommon adverse reactions of drugs. To date, the etiology is not well understood and individual susceptibility still remains unknown. Amiodarone, chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, and trimipramine are classified lysosomotropic as well as photosensitizing, however, they fail to trigger rash and pruritic papules in all individuals. Lysosomotropism is a common charcteristic of various drugs, but independent of individuals. There is evidence that the individual ability to respond to external oxidative stress is crosslinked with the elongation of long-chain fatty acids to very long-chain fatty acids by ELOVLs. ELOVL6 and ELOVL7 are sensitive to ROS induced depletion of cellular NADPH and insufficient regeneration via the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Deficiency of NADPH in presence of lysosomotropic drugs promotes the synthesis of C16-ceramide in lysosomes and may contribute to emerging pruritic papules of AGEP. However, independently from a lysosomomotropic drug, severe depletion of ATP and NAD(P)H, e.g., by UV radiation or a potent photosensitizer can trigger likewise the collapse of the lysosomal transmembrane proton gradient resulting in lysosomal C16-ceramide synthesis and pruritic papules. This kind of papules are equally present in polymorphous light eruption (PMLE/PLE) and acne aestivalis (Mallorca acne). The suggested model of a compartmentalized ceramide metabolism provides a more sophisticated explanation of cutaneous drug adverse effects and the individual sensitivity to UV radiation. Parameters such as pKa and ClogP of the triggering drug, cutaneous fatty acid profile, and ceramide profile enables new concepts in risk assessment and scoring of AGEP as well as prophylaxis outcome.

Microbial metabolism in the forestomachs and the large intertine of sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
The Individual

Sheep were fed on either lucerne chaff, high wheat grain, or high maize grain rations. Analyses were made on digesta from the rumen and large intestines of cannulated and slaughtered animals. The results for the large intestine showed that, when equal quantities of dry matter are given, the composition of the ration can affect the pH, the water content, and the total dry matter of the digesta; diet can also affect the total quantities of volatile fatty acid and ammonia in the organ.The proportions of the individual volatile fatty acids in the caecal fluid were not affected by the different diets fed in this experiment. The data did not suggest any consistent pattern in the pH or in the concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acid in the caecal fluid during the 24 hr between feeds.

The using of morphometric indices in the identification of mosquito larvae of the genus Aedes Meigen, 1818 (Diptera, Culicidae) of fauna of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
О.I. Levitsky
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Permanent Slide

As a result of the morphometric analysis on the mosquito larval structures of the genus Aedes Meigen, 1818 from our own collections and literature analyses, a wide variation in quantitative and qualitative indices was revealed. The morphological and metric indices of mosquito larvae are quite similar and vary under the influence of environmental factors, which must be taken into account when determining species. The tables for rapid determination of common mosquito species of Ukraine, with the use of external features that do not require the manufacture of permanent slide mounts, are given in the article. All modern keys for identification are based on dichotomous tables. This process is quite long, does not take into account the individual variability and does not allow the quick identification of species. After analyzing the literature and summing up the result, it can be confirmed that 35 species of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the genus Aedes occur within Ukraine, so there is a need to create a new regional key. The purpose of the study is to propose tables for determining the common mosquitoes of the genus Aedes in Ukraine using external morphometric characteristics. The material used for this study was collected by the author in March–October of 2017–2018 at the territory of Volyn Region. Over the entire study period, a total of 185 samples were collected, 1580 species of mosquito larvae of the genus Aedes were analyzed. During the work, 12 morphometric characters of bloodsucking mosquitoes were used and the results were tabulated to determine species of the genus Aedes. The proposed keys for definition are presented in the form of a tables and have certain advantages, such as, the ability not to take into account the characters lost in the process of collecting or storing and to complete the diagnostics on other features, that is quite problematic with the dichotomous keys, since they have a certain algorithms. The proposed tables are based on the using of quantitative and qualitative external characters and do not require the preparation of slide mounts in further work. There is also the possibility of creating an electronic key, which will greatly facilitate the work on the determination of the larvae in the genus Aedes.

Relationship between fatty acid composition and triglyceride structure of bovine milk fat

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Stereospecific Analysis ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Triglyceride Structure ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYFourteen samples of milk fat, representing a wide range of individual fatty acid contents, were subjected to stereospecific analysis to determine fatty acid contents at the sn-l-, sn-2- and sn-3-positions of the triglycerides. Highly significant linear relationships were found between the content of a fatty acid at the 3 positions and the content of the same acid in the intact triglycerides. As the content of an acid increased in the triglycerides there were increases in the content of that acid at the 3 positions. When the content of an acid changed in the triglycerides, the content at the 3 stereospecific positions did not change at the same rate. The positions with the highest slope values corresponded to the positions where the individual fatty acids were preferentially esterified.

scholarly journals n–3 Fatty acids, hypertension and risk of cognitive decline among older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
May A Beydoun ◽  
Jay S Kaufman ◽  
Philip D Sloane ◽  
Gerardo Heiss ◽  
Joseph Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractObjectiveRecent research indicates that n–3 fatty acids can inhibit cognitive decline, perhaps differentially by hypertensive status.DesignWe tested these hypotheses in a prospective cohort study (the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities). Dietary assessment using a food-frequency questionnaire and plasma fatty acid exposure by gas chromatography were completed in 1987–1989 (visit 1), while cognitive assessment with three screening tools – the Delayed Word Recall Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised and the Word Fluency Test (WFT) – was completed in 1990–1992 (visit 2) and 1996–1998 (visit 4). Regression calibration and simulation extrapolation were used to control for measurement error in dietary exposures.SettingFour US communities – Forsyth County (North Carolina), Jackson (Mississippi), suburbs of Minneapolis (Minnesota) and Washington County (Maryland).SubjectsMen and women aged 50–65 years at visit 1 with complete dietary data (n = 7814); white men and women in same age group in the Minnesota field centre with complete plasma fatty acid data (n = 2251).ResultsFindings indicated that an increase of one standard deviation in dietary long-chain n–3 fatty acids (% of energy intake) and balancing long-chain n−3/n–6 decreased the risk of 6-year cognitive decline in verbal fluency with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.79 (0.66–0.95) and 0.81 (0.68–0.96), respectively, among hypertensives. An interaction with hypertensive status was found for dietary long-chain n–3 fatty acids (g day−1) and WFT decline (likelihood ratio test, P = 0.06). This exposure in plasma cholesteryl esters was also protective against WFT decline, particularly among hypertensives (OR = 0.51, P < 0.05).ConclusionOne implication from our study is that diets rich in fatty acids of marine origin should be considered for middle-aged hypertensive subjects. To this end, randomised clinical trials are needed.

Apolipoprotein E e4 Allele Is Associated with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Shuling Liu ◽  
Yajing  Zhang ◽  
Yalin  Guan ◽  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
E4 Allele
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