Non-invasive methods for the assessment of biomarkers and their correlation with radiographic maturity indicators — a scoping review

Abstract Background Detection of skeletal maturity is vital in orthodontic treatment timing and planning. Traditional methods include hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI). Though the radiographic methods are well established and routinely used to assess skeletal maturation, they carry the drawback of subjective perception and low reproducibility. With evolving concepts, skeletal maturation has been assessed quantitatively through biomarkers obtained from saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and urine. The scoping review aims to explore the various biomarkers assessed through non-invasive methods and their correlation with radiographic skeletal maturity. Methodology The literature search was carried out on MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane database of systematic reviews), Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Opengrey.eu for articles up to and including November 2020. Pertinent articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were tabulated based on the type of sample collected, the biomarker assessed, method of sample collection, and the radiographic method used. Results The literature search resulted in 12 relevant articles. Among all the studies, 10 studies showed that the concentration of biomarkers increases during the pubertal growth peak. On the contrary, 2 articles showed no significant difference between the levels of biomarkers and pubertal growth peak. Conclusion It can be concluded that the level of biomarkers increases during the pubertal growth spurt and can provide a quantitative way of assessing skeletal maturity.

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Reporting of post-operative rehabilitation interventions for Total knee arthroplasty: a scoping review

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04460-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nora Bakaa ◽

Lu Hsi Chen ◽

Lisa Carlesso ◽

Julie Richardson ◽

Luciana Macedo

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Exercise Adherence ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Total Knee

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the completeness of reporting of exercise adherence and exercise interventions delivered as part of clinical trials of post-operative total knee replacement (TKA) rehabilitation. Design: Scoping review Literature search A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library. Study selection criteria All randomized controlled trials (RCT) that examined post-operative exercise-based interventions for total knee arthroplasty were eligible for inclusion. Studies that were multifactorial or contained exercise interventions for both hip and knee arthroplasty were also included. Data synthesis The definition, type of measurement used and outcome for exercise adherence were collected and analyzed descreptively. Quality of reporting of exercise interventions were assessed using the Consensus for Exercise Reporting Tool (CERT) and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results There were a total of 112 RCTs included in this review. The majority of RCTs (63%, n = 71) did not report exercise adherence. Only 23% (n = 15) of studies provided a definition of adherence. RCTs were of poor quality, with 85% (n = 95) of studies having high or unclear risk of bias. Reporting of exercise interventions was poor, with only 4 items (of 19) (21%) of the CERT adequately reported (88–99%), with other items not fulfilled on at least 60% of the RCTs. There were no RCTs that had fulfilled all the criteria for the CERT. Conclusion The RCTs included in this study poorly reported exercise adherence, as well as description of the post-operative TKA rehabilitation intervention. Future RCTs should use valid and reliable measures of adherence and a proper tool for reporting of exercise interventions (e.g., CERT, TiDER). Pre-registration OSF:https://osf.io/9ku8a/

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Correlation and Correspondence between Skeletal Maturation Indicators in Hand-Wrist and Cervical Vertebra Analyses and Skeletal Maturity Score in Korean Adolescents

Children ◽

10.3390/children8100910 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 910

Author(s):

Ji Yoon Jeon ◽

Cheol-Soon Kim ◽

Jung-Suk Kim ◽

Sung-Hwan Choi

Keyword(s):

Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽

Rank Order ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Age Determination ◽

Cervical Vertebra ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Lateral Cephalogram ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Maturity Score ◽

Significant Difference

This retrospective observational study aimed to examine the correlation and correspondence between skeletal maturation indicators (SMI), cervical vertebral maturation indicators (CVMI), and radius-ulna-short bones (RUS) skeletal maturity scores in Korean adolescents, and to determine whether easily obtainable SMI or CVMI can replace the RUS skeletal maturity score. A total of 1017 participants were included with both hand-wrist radiograph and lateral cephalogram acquired concurrently. From the lateral cephalogram, CVMI was determined; through the hand-wrist radiograph, SMI was categorized, and the RUS skeletal maturity score was evaluated as well. Associations were examined using the Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in chronological age between males and females; however, the SMI, CVMI, and RUS skeletal maturity scores were significantly higher in females. The SMI, CVMI, and RUS skeletal maturity scores showed a statistically significant strong degree of both positive correlation and correspondence. However, a precisely corresponding RUS skeletal maturity score was difficult to obtain for a specific CVMI and SMI stage, implying the absence of a quantitative correlation. In conclusion, detailed evaluation should be conducted using the RUS skeletal maturity score, preferably in cases that require bone age determination or residual growth estimation.

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Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical procedures: a scoping review

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública ◽

10.26633/rpsp.2021.62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eva Brocard ◽

Ludovic Reveiz ◽

Jean-Philippe Régnaux ◽

Veronica Abdala ◽

Pilar Ramón-Pardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Scoping Review ◽

First Generation ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Objectives. To map the current evidence on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) administration and identify knowledge gaps in the literature available in this field. Methods. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and Health Systems Evidence databases were searched from January 2015 to March 2020 for systematic reviews published in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. Results. Eighty-three systematic reviews were included, the quality of the reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and data were extracted for all primary outcomes. Perioperative antibiotic administration, the use of first generation cephalosporins, and surgical site infection (SSI) were the most commonly reported for timing of antibiotic administration, drug class, and primary outcome, respectively. Findings showed that, overall, SAP may reduce SSIs compared with a placebo or with no SAP. Results suggested that intraoperative SAP may lower SSI, while postoperative SAP did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusions. Findings have confirmed the role of SAP in reducing postoperative SSI across various surgeries and do not support the use of antibiotics after surgery to prevent infections. The findings of this scoping review have enhanced the evidence base that can inform decisions regarding the development of global guidelines for the prevention of SSI. However, high-quality systematic reviews and research reflecting diverse populations and settings are needed.

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Protocol for a scoping review study to identify and map treatments for dysphagia following moderate to severe acquired brain injury

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e029061

Author(s):

Signe Janum Eskildsen ◽

Daniela Jakobsen ◽

Christian Gunge Riberholt ◽

Ingrid Poulsen ◽

Derek John Curtis

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Research Question ◽

Acquired Brain Injury ◽

Research Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Severe Acquired Brain Injury ◽

Dysphagia Treatment

IntroductionDysphagia is highly prevalent in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, dysphagia management varies greatly between units and internationally, and there is currently no consensus, standard intervention or treatment. A review mapping the existing literature on dysphagia treatment is needed. In this paper, the protocol for a scoping review to identify and map dysphagia treatment following ABI is outlined.ObjectiveThe objective of the scoping review is to systematically map the existing research literature to answer the research question:Which non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions are used in the treatment of dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe acquired brain injury in the acute and subacute phase?Methods and analysisThe methodological framework for the study is based on methodology by Arksey and O’Malley and methodological advancement by Levacet al. We will search electronic databases in June 2019: MEDLINE (Ovid); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library); EMBASE (Ovid); CINAHL (EBSCO); PsycINFO; Science Citation Index Expanded on Web of Science; OTseeker; Speechbite and PEDro. The search terms will be limited to patients with moderate to severe ABI and dysphagia. Four review authors will independently conduct an initial screening of title and abstract and subsequent full-text review of included studies. Data will be extracted and summarised in diagrammatic or tabular form (numerical summary), and a descriptive format (narrative summary). The strategy for data synthesis entails qualitative methods to categorise the interventions based on the treatment modality and subgroup diagnosis.Ethics and disseminationScoping the existing literature will provide a foundation for further evaluating and developing our dysphagia treatment and inform future studies assessing the effectiveness of treatments. The review is part of an ongoing expansive research into dysphagia. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.

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The effectiveness of exercise-based vestibular rehabilitation in adult patients with chronic dizziness: A systematic review

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.14089.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 276 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Burak Kundakci ◽

Anjum Sultana ◽

Alan J Taylor ◽

Mansour Abdullah Alshehri

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Vestibular Rehabilitation ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Symptom Scale ◽

Chronic Dizziness ◽

Evidence Database

Background: Dizziness is a non-specific term used by patients to describe several symptoms ranging from true vertigo, light headedness, disorientation or sense of imbalance. Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is a specific form of exercise-based therapy programme aimed at alleviating the primary and secondary problems of a vestibular pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of exercise-based vestibular rehabilitation in adult patients with chronic dizziness. Methods: The following five databases were searched: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, the Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, PubMed, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Scopus (Elsevier). Two investigators independently reviewed all articles and a systematic review of literature was performed using the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomised controlled trial, (2) people with chronic dizziness, (3) adults aged 18 or over, (4) exercise-based VR, (5) VR exercises compared with sham or usual care, non-treatment or placebo and (6) only studies published full text in English. Results: The initial search identified 304 articles, four of which met the criteria for analysis. All studies involved some form of vestibular rehabilitation, including vestibular compensation, vestibular adaptation and substitution exercises. These exercises were compared with usual medical care (three studies) or placebo eye exercise (one study). The Vertigo Symptom Scale was the most commonly used outcome measure to assess subjective perception of symptoms of dizziness (three studies). According to the PEDro scale, three studies were considered to be of high quality, and one was rated as fair. Conclusions: This review suggests that exercise-based vestibular rehabilitation shows benefits for adult patients with chronic dizziness with regard to improvement in the vertigo symptom scale, fall risk, balance and emotional status.

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Assessment of Skeletal Maturation using Mandibular Second Molar Maturation Stages

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.39.1.9224022173577151 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 79-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S Goyal ◽

N Gugnani

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Second Molar ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Mandibular Second Molar ◽

Pre Treatment

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between cervical vertebrae maturation and mandibular second molar calcification stages.Study design: The study was designed as a retrospective, descriptive and crosssectional research project. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs of 99 males and 110 females in the age range of 7 to 18 years 7 months were evaluated with Demirjian Index (DI) and cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMI) of Hassel and Farman. A null hypothesis was proposed that there is no relation between CVMI and DI. Results: A highly significant association (Pearson's contingency coefficient 0.713 for males and 0.863 for females) was found between DI and CVMI. In males, the DI stage E corresponded to stage 2 of CVMI (pre–peak of pubertal growth spurt) and DI stages F and G corresponded to stages 3 and 4 of CVMI (peak of pubertal growth spurt). DI stage H was associated with stages 5 and 6 of CVMI (end of pubertal growth spurt). In females, the DI stages C, D corresponded to CVMI stages 1, 2; DI stages E, F with CVMI stages 3, 4; DI stages G, H with CVMI stages 5, 6. Conclusion: Mandibular second molar calcification stages can be used as indicators for assessment of skeletal maturity.

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Personal identification with artificial intelligence under COVID-19 crisis: a scoping review

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01879-z ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shinpei Matsuda ◽

Hitoshi Yoshimura

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Personal Identification ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Identification Methods ◽

Institutional Infrastructure ◽

The Face ◽

Critical Consideration

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence is useful for building objective and rapid personal identification systems. It is important to research and develop personal identification methods as social and institutional infrastructure. A critical consideration during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is that there is no contact between the subjects and personal identification systems. The aim of this study was to organize the recent 5-year development of contactless personal identification methods that use artificial intelligence. Methods This study used a scoping review approach to map the progression of contactless personal identification systems using artificial intelligence over the past 5 years. An electronic systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore databases. Studies published between January 2016 and December 2020 were included in the study. Results By performing an electronic literature search, 83 articles were extracted. Based on the PRISMA flow diagram, 8 eligible articles were included in this study. These eligible articles were divided based on the analysis targets as follows: (1) face and/or body, (2) eye, and (3) forearm and/or hand. Artificial intelligence, including convolutional neural networks, contributed to the progress of research on contactless personal identification methods. Conclusions This study clarified that contactless personal identification methods using artificial intelligence have progressed and that they have used information obtained from the face and/or body, eyes, and forearm and/or hand.

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Gallbladder Retrieval From Epigastric Versus Umbilical Port in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis

Surgical Innovation ◽

10.1177/1553350619890719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 150-159

Author(s):

Francesco Mongelli ◽

Davide La Regina ◽

Irin Zschokke ◽

Marcello Ceppi ◽

Antonjacopo Ferrario di Tor Vajana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Literature Search ◽

Operative Time ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Trocar Site ◽

First Choice ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Adequate Data

Purpose. To date, no evidence supports the retrieval of the gallbladder through a specific trocar site, and this choice is left to surgeons’ preference. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of the trocar site used to extract the gallbladder on postoperative outcomes. Methods. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases was performed. Terms used were: (“gallbladder” OR “cholecystectomy”) AND “umbilical” AND (“epigastric” OR “subxiphoid”). Randomized trials comparing the gallbladder retrieval from different trocar sites were considered for further analysis. Results. Literature search revealed 145 articles, of which 7 matched inclusion criteria and reported adequate data about postoperative pain, operative time, port-site infections, and hernias. A total of 876 patients were included, and the gallbladder was extracted through epigastric or umbilical trocar site in 441 and in 435 patients, respectively. A statistically significant difference among groups was noted in terms of postoperative pain at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours in favor of the umbilical trocar site ( P < .001). No significant differences were noted in postoperative hernia and infection rate, nor in terms of operative time. Conclusions. This meta-analysis shows a statistically significant reduction in terms of postoperative pain at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery when the gallbladder is extracted through the umbilical port. Retrieval time, infections, and hernias rate implicate no contraindication for the choice of a specific trocar site to extract specimens. Despite limitations of this study, the umbilical trocar should be favored as the first choice to retrieve the gallbladder.

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A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01801-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sophie Church ◽

Emily Rogers ◽

Kenneth Rockwood ◽

Olga Theou

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Publication Date ◽

Clinical Frailty Scale ◽

And Function ◽

Comprehensive Literature Search ◽

Frailty Score

Abstract Background Frailty is increasingly recognized as an important construct which has health implications for older adults. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a judgement-based frailty tool that evaluates specific domains including comorbidity, function, and cognition to generate a frailty score ranging from 1 (very fit) to 9 (terminally ill). The aim of this scoping review is to identify and document the nature and extent of research evidence related to the CFS. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify original studies that used the Clinical Frailty Scale. Medline OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from January 2005 to March 2017. Articles were screened by two independent reviewers. Data extracted included publication date, setting, demographics, purpose of CFS assessment, and outcomes associated with CFS score. Results Our search yielded 1688 articles of which 183 studies were included. Overall, 62% of studies were conducted after 2015 and 63% of the studies measured the CFS in hospitalized patients. The association of the CFS with an outcome was examined 526 times; CFS was predictive in 74% of the cases. Mortality was the most common outcome examined with CFS being predictive 87% of the time. CFS was associated with comorbidity 73% of the time, complications 100%, length of stay 75%, falls 71%, cognition 94%, and function 91%. The CFS was associated with other frailty scores 94% of the time. Conclusions This scoping review revealed that the CFS has been widely used in multiple settings. The association of CFS score with clinical outcomes highlights its utility in the care of the aging population.

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Effects of Dexamethasone on Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium in Adults Following General Anaesthesia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

10.21203/rs.2.362/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Li-Qin Li ◽

Cong Wang ◽

Mei-Dan Fang ◽

Hong-Yu Xu ◽

Hong-Liu Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Dexamethasone Group ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Several studies have investigated the effects of dexamethasone on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or postoperative delirium (POD); however, their conclusions have not been consistent. So we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of dexamethasone on POCD/POD in adults following general anesthesia. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2018, Issue 11 of 12) in the Cochrane Library (searched November 17, 2018); MEDLINE OvidSP (1946 to November 16, 2018); and Embase OvidSP (1974 to November 16, 2018) were searched for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the incidence of POCD/POD following dexamethasone administration, in adults (age ≥18 years) under general anesthesia. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework to assess the quality of evidence. Results Five studies were included (three studies/855 participants in dexamethasone group and 538 participants in placebo group for the incidence of POCD, and two studies/410 participants in dexamethasone group and 420 participants in placebo group for the incidence of POD). There was no significant difference between the dexamethasone group and the placebo group in terms of the incidence of POCD in 30 days after surgery (RR 1.00; 95% CI [0.51, 1.96], P = 1.00, I2 = 77%) or in the incidence of POD (RR 0.96; 95% CI [0.68, 1.35], P = 0.80, I2 = 0%). However, both analyses had some limitations since evidence remains limited and clinical heterogeneity, and we considered the quality of the evidence for the postoperative incidence of POCD and POD to be very low. Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that prophylactic dexamethasone did not reduce the incidence of POCD and POD. Trials of alternative prevent strategies for POCD/POD, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of those complex syndrome, are still needed to make progress of this field. Trial registration number: This study is registered with PROSPERO, 23 October 2018, number CRD42018114552.

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