scholarly journals Plant active products and emerging interventions in water potabilisation: disinfection and multi-drug resistant pathogen treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi O. Adeeyo ◽  
Joshua N. Edokpayi ◽  
Mercy A. Alabi ◽  
Titus A. M. Msagati ◽  
John O. Odiyo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Extraction And Purification

Abstract Background This review aims at establishing the emerging applications of phytobiotics in water treatment and disinfection. Results Statistical analysis of data obtained revealed that the use of plant product in water treatment needs more research attention. A major observation is that plants possess multifaceted components and can be sustainably developed into products for water treatment. The seed (24.53%), flower (20.75), leaf (16.98%) and fruit (11.32%) biomasses are preferred against bulb (3.77%), resin (1.89%), bark (1.89%) and tuber (1.89%). The observation suggests that novel applications of plant in water treatment need further exploration since vast and broader antimicrobial activities (63.63%) is reported than water treatment application (36.37%). Conclusions This review has revealed the existing knowledge gaps in exploration of plant resources for water treatment and product development. Chemical complexity of some plant extracts, lack of standardisation, slow working rate, poor water solubility, extraction and purification complexities are limitations that need to be overcome for industrial adoption of phytochemicals in water treatment. The field of phytobiotics should engage modern methodologies such as proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics to minimise challenges confronting phytobiotic standardisation. The knowledge disseminated awaits novel application for plant product development in water treatment.

scholarly journals Extracted Compounds from Neem Leaves as Antimicrobial Agent on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Seaweed-Based Biopolymer Films

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Seeta Uthaya Kumar ◽  
S. N. Abdulmadjid ◽  
N. G. Olaiya ◽  
A. A. Amirul ◽  
S. Rizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Control Film ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
The Matrix

Neem leaves extract was incorporated into the matrix of seaweed biopolymer, and the seaweed-neem biocomposite films were irradiated with various doses of gamma irradiation (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 kGy). The physical, barrier, antimicrobial, and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The incorporation of 5% w/w neem leaves extract into a seaweed-based film, and gamma irradiation dose of 2.5 kGy was most effective for improved properties of the film. The results showed that the interfacial interaction of the seaweed-neem improved with physical changes in colour and opacity. The water solubility, moisture content, and water vapour permeability and biodegradability rate of the film reduced. The contact angle values increased, which was interpreted as improved hydrophobicity. The tensile strength and modulus of the films increased, while the elongation of the composite films decreased compared to the control film. The film’s antimicrobial activities against bacteria were improved. Thus, neem leaves extract in combination with the application of gamma irradiation enhanced the performance properties of the film that has potential as packaging material.

scholarly journals Bibliometric approach to the perspectives and challenges of membrane separation processes to remove emerging contaminants from water

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1721-1741
Author(s):  
Jéssica Stefanello Cadore ◽  
Lucas Fernando Fabro ◽  
Thuany Garcia Maraschin ◽  
Nara Regina de Souza Basso ◽  
Marçal José Rodrigues Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Research Attention

Abstract The presence of contaminants in water is concerning due to the potential impacts on human health and the environment, and ingested contaminants cause harm in various ways. The conventional water treatment systems are not efficient to remove these contaminants. Therefore, novel techniques and materials for the removal of contaminants are increasingly being developed. The separation process using modified membranes can remove these micropollutants; therefore, they have attracted significant research attention. Among the materials used for manufacturing of these membranes, composites based on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are preferred owing to their promising properties, such as mechanical resistance, thermal and chemical stability, antifouling capacity, water permeability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, high optical transmittance and high surface area. Membrane separation processes (MSP) can be used as secondary or tertiary treatment during the supply of wastewater. However, the efficient and accessible applications of these technologies are challenging. This study aims to demonstrate the main concepts of membrane separation processes and their application in the removal of emerging contaminants. This study reports bibliometric mapping, relevant data on studies using membranes as water treatment processes, and their viability in industrial applications. The main challenges and perspectives of these technologies are discussed in detail as well.

Application of Neurogenetic Modeling in Optimization of Water Treatment Plant Based on the Temporal Monitoring of Water Input Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Paulami De
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

This article addresses methods to adjust operating requirements in water treatment plants (WTPs) in order to increase the efficiency of water treatment plants based on the nature of the water inflows into the systems. In the past, various studies have suggested that the quality of water inflow into the WTP has an impact on the efficiency and economic viability of operating treatment plants. Among all other quality parameters, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the basic indicators about the overall quality of the water. Identification of a temporal pattern can help the engineers to adapt the WTP operations and can save the unnecessary wasting of plant resources. That is why the present article has proposed a new model that can predict the temporal patterns of various chemical parameters with the help of an analytic neuronal network. The model was applied to the case of a WTP that responds to a peri-urban catchment, leading to regular variations in the DO of water inflow. According to the performance metrics utilized the model was able to predict the temporal pattern at a lag of 1 hour.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Structure Elucidation of Tannins from Terminalia Linn.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Zihao Chang ◽  
Qiunan Zhang ◽  
Wenyi Liang ◽  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Ping Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragmentation Pathway ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
System A ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fragmentation Rules ◽  
Active Substances

Objectives. Tannins with complex structures are important plant resources, which are abundant in the genus Terminalia. Various Terminalia species have been playing an important role in traditional medicine system. A systematic scoping review of Terminalia Linn. research literature for tannins was conducted to summarize the structures of tannins and analysis fragmentation pathway characteristics, which could provide references for the structural analysis of tannins from Terminalia Linn. Methods. After an update of the literature search up to September 2018, the terms of Terminalia in all publications were analyzed. Electronic searches were conducted in scifinder and PubMed, and the information from 197 articles in all with regard to the tannin structure study was extracted. Results. The compounds of 82 tannins from the genus Terminalia were reviewed. According to the structural differences, they can be divided into three categories, hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins, and complex tannins, respectively. The fragmentation pathways of 46 identified tannins were analyzed, and the fragmentation rules of tannins were speculated according to different types. Conclusion. This review has attracted attention to the active substances in this species such as the tannins summarized in further study. How to improve the extraction and purification technology of tannins from genus Terminalia is an urgent problem to be solved.

scholarly journals Ecology of the Western Queen Butterfly Danaus gilippus thersippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Leslie Saul-Gershenz ◽  
Steven M. Grodsky ◽  
Rebecca R. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Danaus Gilippus

The purpose of this study was to assess the ecological knowledge surrounding the western queen butterfly, Danaus gilippus thersippus (H. Bates). Specifically, our objectives were to synthesize existing data and knowledge on the ecology of the queen and use results of this assessment to inform the direction of future research on this understudied species. We identified six core areas for assessment: distribution, the biodiversity of plant resources, western queen and their host plant phenology, chemical ecology, and four key life history traits. We mapped the distribution of D. g. thersippus from museum specimen records, citizen science (e.g., iNaturalist) and image sharing app-based observations, along with other observational data enumerating all current known plant resources and long-range movements. We assembled 14 larval food plants, six pyrrolizidine alkaloids plants and six nectar plants distributed in the western Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the United States and Baja California. We report on its phenology and its long-range movement. Butterfly species have declined across the western US, and western monarch populations have declined by 97%. Danaus g. thersippus has received little research attention compared with its famous congener D. plexippus L. Danaus g. thersippus’ desert distribution may be at its temperature limits for the species distribution and for its rare host plant Asclepias nyctaginifolia.

Growth of Nanostructured ZnO Nanosheet on ITO/PET Substrate Prepared via Sol Gel Spin Coating and Hot Water Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ili Liyana Khairunnisa Kamardin ◽  
Muhammad Ngah ◽  
Ahmad Fadzly Ahmad Fuad ◽  
Muhammad Haizat Harun ◽  
Ainun Rahmahwati Ainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Zno Thin Films ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Environment Condition ◽  
Pet Substrate

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is well known for its wide band gap semiconductor with large excitation energy that serves various application. These unique characteristics had gained much research attention on ZnO nanostructure synthesis and physical properties. In this study, ZnO thin films were deposited on ITO/PET substrate by a spin coating sol-gel process. The starting solution were prepare by dissolved zinc acetate dehydrate (ZnAc) and diethanolamine (DEA) in water (H2O) and 2-propanol (2-PrOH). Acid Citric (C6H8O7) from 0.2 to 1.0 M were dropped into 100 ml sol-gel solution to study effect of sol-gel environment condition. ZnO thin films were obtained after pre-heating the spin coated thin films at 100 °C for 5 minutes after each coating. The coated substrates were undergone for Hot Water Treatment (HWT) process at 90 °C for 6 hours to grow ZnO nanostructures. The effects of sol-gel environment condition by drop different concentrations of C6H8O7 into the solution were studied. Nanoflakes ZnO were obtained after hot water and hydrothermal treated at 90 °C for 6 hours with 0.2 till 1.0 concentration of C6H8O7 dropped directly in the sol-gel solution. On the basis of the changes in morphology and microstructure induced by hot water treatment, it is concluded that the nanosheets were highly transparent with the visible range (350 – 800 nm) with 70%-90% of Transmittance spectra. Growth of ZnO nanosheet influenced by increment of C6H8O7 mol concentration also with value of roughness RMS.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Volatile Components of Essential Oils of Selected Plants in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lydia G. Mugao ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Phyllis W. Muturi ◽  
Simon T. Mukono
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
Test Plants

Essential oils are secondary metabolites that plants produce for protection from pests and predators, attraction of pollinators, and seed dispersal. The oils are made up of a mixture of compounds that give a characteristic flavour and odour. Currently, essential oils are receiving great attention in research for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. However, there is scanty information on the chemical composition of many plants. This study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of ginger, garlic, tick berry, and Mexican marigold in Kenya. The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The study identified a total of 52 different chemical classes from the essential oils of the four different plants that were analysed. Their percentage composition was also found to vary between the test plants. The essential oils of Mexican marigold constituted the highest composition of the identified chemical classes at 71.2%, followed by ginger at 55.8%, while both tick berry and garlic oils constituted 53.8% of the total classes identified. Terpenes constituted the highest composition in the essential oils of all the four test plants. Other major chemical classes included esters, ketones, organosulfurs, alkanes, cycloalkanes, steroids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanols. Some of these chemical compounds have been shown to have a huge utility potential in biopesticides, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and hence, their industrial extraction and purification from the essential oils of these plants are recommended.

Antimicrobial Activity of Nanodispersed Thymol in Tryptic Soy Broth

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHAVINI SHAH ◽  
P. MICHAEL DAVIDSON ◽  
QIXIN ZHONG
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature

Food safety is a continuing challenge for the food industry due to sporadic illness outbreaks caused by foodborne pathogens. Plant essential oils have been studied extensively as natural antimicrobials to control foodborne pathogens. However, their hydrophobic nature makes application in foods difficult because of their low water solubility, adverse impact on sensory quality, and binding with food components, which can interfere with antimicrobial efficacy. The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial activities of transparent nanodispersions of thymol encapsulated in whey protein isolate–maltodextrin conjugates, with comparison to free thymol. Tests were conducted for Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains ATCC 43889 and 43894, Salmonella Typhimurium strain 2576, Listeria monocytogenes strains Scott A and 101, and Staphylococcus aureus strains 27708 and SA113 in tryptic soy broth at various pHs and temperatures. Results indicate that the MIC for nanodispersed and free thymol against all strains of both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens tested was 500 ppm at pH 6.8 and at the optimal growth temperature, with the exception of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes strain Scott A, which were inhibited by 300 ppm of free thymol. Nanodispersed thymol was further tested at 500 ppm for inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes at 35, 32, 25, and 4°C in tryptic soy broth adjusted to pH 5.5 and 3.5. At pH 5.5, L. monocytogenes was completely inhibited after 3 h, and E. coli O157:H7 showed a reduction of 1.0 to 3.0 log CFU/ml after 48 h. At pH 3.5, L. monocytogenes controls did not grow, but E. coli O157:H7 survived. At both pH 5.5 and 3.5, no significant effect of temperature on antimicrobial activity was observed at 500 mg/ml nanodispersed thymol. The present study demonstrated that transparent nanodispersions of thymol have promising antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of foodborne pathogens.

scholarly journals A Review on Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Activity of Curcumin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi ◽  
Habsah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Pouya Hassandarvish ◽  
Hassan Tajik ◽  
Sazaly Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Polyphenolic Compound ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies

Curcuma longaL. (Zingiberaceae family) and its polyphenolic compound curcumin have been subjected to a variety of antimicrobial investigations due to extensive traditional uses and low side effects. Antimicrobial activities for curcumin and rhizome extract ofC. longaagainst different bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been reported. The promising results for antimicrobial activity of curcumin made it a good candidate to enhance the inhibitory effect of existing antimicrobial agents through synergism. Indeed, different investigations have been done to increase the antimicrobial activity of curcumin, including synthesis of different chemical derivatives to increase its water solubility as well ass cell up take of curcumin. This review aims to summarize previous antimicrobial studies of curcumin towards its application in the future studies as a natural antimicrobial agent.

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