scholarly journals Modeling of strain and filtration properties of a semi-finished leather product

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amanov ◽  
S. R. Khurramov ◽  
G. A. Bahadirov ◽  
A. Abdukarimov ◽  
T. Y. Amanov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Compressive Deformation ◽  
Recovery Strain ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Filtration Properties

Abstract A study on deformation and filtration properties of a leather semi-finished product after chrome tanning are presented. The analytical dependences of compressive load on compressive (recovery) strain and moisture content of a leather semi-finished product are obtained. The empirical dependences of hydraulic gradient on filtration rates are determined for various compression ratios of the leather semi-finished product. It was revealed that with an increase in compressive load and moisture content of the leather semi-finished product, the compressive deformation increases. The shoulder section is subject to the greatest deformation, then the belly section and the least deformation is observed in the butt section. A linear relationship has been established between the hydraulic gradient and the rate of moisture filtration through the leather semi-finished product in the directions perpendicular and parallel to its surface. Graphical abstract

Evaluation of Design Characteristics for Animal Mortality Composting Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Tiago Costa ◽  
Neslihan Akdeniz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composting Systems

HighlightsDesign characteristics for animal mortality compost cover materials were tested.Compressive stress was applied to simulate the effects of the mortalities on cover materials.The highest permeability was measured for sawdust at 25% moisture content.A linear relationship was found between the volumetric flow rate and the power required to aerate the piles.Abstract. Composting is an aerobic process that relies on natural aeration to maintain proper oxygen levels. Air-filled porosity, mechanical strength, and permeability are among the essential parameters used to optimize the process. This study’s objective was to measure the physical parameters and airflow characteristics of three commonly used cover materials at four moisture levels, which could be used in designing actively aerated swine mortality composting systems. A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to measure pressure drops across the cover materials as a function of the airflow rate and the material’s moisture content. Compressive stress was applied for 48 h to simulate the impact of swine mortalities on the cover materials. The power required to aerate each material was determined as a function of volumetric flow rate and moisture content. As expected, air-filled porosity and permeability decreased with increasing bulk density and moisture content. The highest average permeability values were measured at 25% moisture content and ranged from 66 × 10-4 to 70 × 10-4 mm2, from 161 × 10-4 to 209 × 10-4 mm2, and from 481 × 10-4 to 586 × 10-4 mm2 for woodchips, ground cornstalks, and sawdust, respectively. For the range of airflow rates tested in this study (0.0025 to 0.0050 m3 s-1 m-2), a linear relationship (R2 = 0.975) was found between the volumetric flow rate (m3 s-1) and the power required to aerate the compost pile (W per 100 kg of swine mortality). Keywords: Airflow, Darcy’s law, Livestock, Modeling, Permeability, Pressure drop.

Study on Compression Deformation Characteristics of Coarse-Grained Soil in High Filled Subgrade

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 1089-1092
Author(s):  
Qun Liu ◽  
Xiang Bo Deng
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Compressive Deformation ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Compression Deformation ◽  
Coarse Grained Soil

Coarse-grained soil is widely used in railway construction, and it is of great significance to take research on how compression deformation characteristics affect deformation of coarse-grained soil in high filled subgrade. To analyze compression deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil under different moisture content and different grain compositions conditions, influence pattern of moisture content and grain compositions was researched through uniaxial compression test. The result indicates that compressive deformation is in logarithm relation with time; moisture content and grain compositions are important factors that affect the characteristics of compressive deformation of sandy slate coarse-grained soil and it is better to control subgrade settlement with dry or saturated coarse-grained soil which contains 70% coarse particles.

Design and Application of Time-Domain Transmission Moisture Content of Crude Oil Sensor

2012 ◽  
Vol 542-543 ◽  
pp. 928-932
Author(s):  
Chun Yu Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Phase Detector ◽  
Moisture Measurement ◽  
Oscillation Circuit ◽  
New Type ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement

According to the theory basis of time domain transmission technology, designed a new type of transducer for crude oil moisture measurement. Introducted the measuring principle of time-domain transmission moisture content of crude oil sensor, and designed the signal producing circuit, the machine oscillation circuit, the mixer circuit and phase detector circuit of the sensor. Finally, got the linear relationship between the output voiltage of the transducer and the crude oil moisture rate by testing. The accuracy of measurement is 1% when the water content is 50-100% in the crude oil and it is 2% when the water content is 0~50%.

scholarly journals Functional performance of a vertical-shaft centrifugal palm nut cracker

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Ndukwu ◽  
S.N. Asoegwu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Machine Speed ◽  
Two Parameters

A vertical-shaft centrifugal palm nut cracker was presented and evaluated. The cracker efficiency and kernel breakage ratio are some of the most important parameters for evaluating the cracker performance. From the result of this work, the two parameters are function of cracking speed, moisture content and feed rate. The result showed that for the lowest speed of 1,650 r/min, and the highest feed rate of 880 kg/h and for all moisture contents, the cracking efficiency was not up to 65%, therefore the efficiency increases with an increase in machine speed and a decrease in feed rate. The kernel breakage ratio ranged from 0–0.18 (0–18%) for all feed rates and moisture contents. It increased with moisture content and cracking speed, but decreased with feed rate. All the parameters determined have a linear relationship with moisture content.  

The volume-changes associated with variations of water content in soil

1923 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Two Stages

(1) A new and simple method of measuring the shrinkage of moist soil on drying is described, which at the same time gives values for the pore space and specific gravity of the soil.(2) Diagrams for a number of diverse soils are given, illustrating the character of soil shrinkage.(3) The shrinkage is shown to take place in two stages in both of which there is a linear relationship to the moisture content.(4) Tentative explanations of these two stages are advanced, based on the well-known colloidal-coating hypothesis, and confirmatory experiments described.(5) By means of the method the effect of alternate wetting and drying of soil in producing a good tilth is illustrated.

scholarly journals Determination of Moisture Content in Synthetic Moulding Sand on the Grounds of Relative Permittivity Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 2189-2192
Author(s):  
D. Nowak ◽  
B. Gal ◽  
K. Granat ◽  
G. Jaworski ◽  
R. Więcławek
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Permittivity Measurement ◽  
Moulding Sand ◽  
Resonance Cavity ◽  
Waveguide Resonance

AbstractThe presented research was aimed at searching for an exact and effective method of determining moisture content in traditional moulding sands. By measuring resonance frequency and quality factor of a waveguide resonance cavity, relative permittivity was determined for different synthetic moulding sands. Analysis of the presented results confirms a linear relation between relative permittivity values and moisture content values in the selected traditional moulding sands. The obtained linear relationship can be used as a reference characteristic for evaluation of humidity of moulding sand.

scholarly journals Deformation of wood in compression during moisture movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
Mahbub Hasan ◽  
Chew Meng Yew
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Specimen ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Viscoelastic Creep ◽  
Series Of Experiments

This work presents the phenomenon of mechano-sorptive strain in the deformation of wood during moisture content (MC) changes. A series of experiments were designed to demonstrate the greatly enhanced deformation due to the mechano- sorptive effect. The purpose of this work is to show the magnitude of mechano-sorptive creep compared to the ordinary viscoelastic creep with applied compressive load. In order to do this, the moisture movement with MC change, moisture movement without MC change and conditions without moisture movement were induced. The unique patterns of strains of various conditions induced in the experiments were observed. The characteristics shown in results were evaluated logically and compared to existing theories to confirm their validity. With the presence of mechano-sorptive, the maximumstrains of Jelutong (dyera costulata) wood specimens loaded at 200N is 0.433x10-3. The severest deformation is caused by the increasing MC in the wood specimen, attributed to the mechano-sorptive (MS) effect.

scholarly journals The use of the 'wet workability limit' to predict the land quality 'workability' for some Uruguayan soils.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
A. Terzaghi ◽  
W.B. Hoogmoed ◽  
R. Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Highly Correlated

In an attempt to predict soil workability, the upper critical moisture content for tillage was determined for some Uruguayan soils, using two laboratory methods developed for Dutch conditions ('upper tillage limit' or UTL, and 'wet workability limit' or WWL). The results obtained showed that the critical point is mainly influenced by the percentage clay and organic matter (OM) in the soil, yielding the linear relationship: UTL = 7.5 + 1.91 x OM (%) + 0.34 x clay (%). The UTL is highly correlated with the moisture content at a range of pF values between 2.0 and 2.7, this being a consequence of the influence of clay and organic matter on the shape of the pF curve. The results obtained by both methods (UTL and WWL) are highly correlated (r = 0.88). Within a certain range of texture, both methods give statistically the same result. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Compressive deformation and load of a spacer filament in a warp-knitted spacer fabric

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-yu Chen ◽  
Kan Lai ◽  
Run-jun Sun ◽  
Wei-zhao Zhao ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Compressive Deformation ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Spacer Fabric ◽  
Plane Plate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elastic Stage

The compressive deformation and load of a spacer filament in a warp-knitted spacer fabric was analyzed theoretically in this work. It was found that the compression process of the spacer filament can be divided into four stages, including a Stiff Stage, an Elastic Stage, a Restful Stage, and an Ineffective Stage. Based on the theoretical analysis of the compressive displacement and the radius of the spacer filament at different stages, as well as the bending moment of the spacer filament during compression, the relationship between the critical compressive load at different stages and the structural parameters of the spacer filament in a warp-knitted spacer fabric was found. Furthermore, plane plate compression experiments for spacer filaments were designed and tested to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

scholarly journals Simulation analysis and optimization research on cooling and dehumidifying effects for evaporator

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
Shuailing Liu ◽  
Guoyuan Ma ◽  
Shuxue Xu ◽  
Fuping Li ◽  
Chenzhe Hang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Evaporation Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The Difference

The improvement performance of refrigerating dehumidification system was theoretically discusses based on a dehumidification model. The influence of evaporator inlet wind speed, dry bulb temperature and relative humidity on dehumidification were analysed by the model. The results show that, when inlet air temperature and humidity were kept constant, the dehumidification capacity increased first and then decreased with increase of the wind speed; When the moisture content and the wind speed of the inlet air were kept constant, the dehumidification capacity gradually decreased with increase of the inlet air dry bulb temperature; The inlet air dry bulb temperature was between 21-36 ?C and the relative humidity was between 40% and 85%, the difference between the inlet air wet bulb temperature and the evaporation temperature at the optimum COP was about 10 ?C; There was a nearly linear relationship between the corresponding evaporation temperature at the optimal COP and the evaporation temperature with the maximum dehumidification capacity, compared with the test value, the error was less than 10%.

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