scholarly journals Should we vaccinate the better seroconverters or the most vulnerable? Game changing insights for COVID-19 vaccine prioritization policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine AbdelMassih ◽  
Meryam El Shershaby ◽  
Hanya Gaber ◽  
Menna Habib ◽  
Nada Gamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cellular Mediated Immunity

Abstract Background With the rapid rise in COVID 19 cases incomparable to the number of vaccinations available, there has been a demand to prioritize the older age groups receiving the vaccine as they have more risk of morbidity and mortality and thus better outcome from vaccination. Main body Some studies showed a lower seroconversion rate in older group patients; thus, we discuss the necessity to reprioritize vaccinations to younger age groups who have better seroconversion rates, but we may face some ethical dilemma that could hinder our hypothesis. Decreased seroconversion rates in adults are attributable to immuno-senescence which involves a decrease in humoral and cellular-mediated immunity with age. Despite this fact, there remains some ethical dilemma that can hinder widespread vaccination of younger generations, the most important of which is the unknown long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccines due their fast-tracking under the pressure of the pandemic. Short conclusion Prioritizing children vaccination against COVID-19 seems an interesting strategy that can help in containing the pandemic. Resolving some ethical dilemma needs to be done before implementing such strategy.

Is Age the New Class? Economic Crisis and Demographics in European Politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Erk
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
New Class ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Welfare State

As the crisis turns into long-term economic downturn, younger age-groups in Europe seem to be hit with higher levels of unemployment while the welfare state is steadily shrinking. The young have suddenly become a social group united by collective material interests, but does this translate into a sense of a collective political interest? The paper examines to what extent the dominant class-based social science of the post-war years can help us understand the politics of age-groups. The analysis highlights four changes since post-war years: the workplace has changed, impacting socialization; modern media has changed, impacting mobilization; the political landscape is fairly institutionalized, tempering the possibilities for new political concerns to find voice; and those who would define and articulate the political priorities of the young are leaving the Old Continent.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Technical Throwing Skills on Nomination Status in Youth and Long-Term Career Attainment in Handball

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Koopmann ◽  
Franziska Lath ◽  
Dirk Büsch ◽  
Jörg Schorer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Career Attainment ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Research on talent in sports aims to identify predictors of future performance. This study retrospectively investigated 1) relationships between young handball field players’ technical throwing skills and (a) their potential nomination to youth national teams and (b) their long-term career attainment 10 years later, and 2) associations between nomination status and career attainment. Results Results from retrospectively predicting nomination status and career attainment using logistic regression analyses show that technical throwing skills were partly able to explain players’ nomination status (Nagelkerke R2: females 9.2%, males 13.1%) and career attainment (Nagelkerke R2: 9.8% for female players). Here, variables throwing velocity and time on exercise showed statistically significant effects. In addition, nomination status and career attainment were shown to be associated using chi-square tests (w of .37 and .23 for female and male players, respectively) and nomination status as a predictor increased the prediction of career attainment remarkably (Nagelkerke R2: females 20.3%, males 12.7%). Conclusions Given these results, basic technical throwing skills may serve rather as a prerequisite in this age group on national level, emphasizing its importance already on lower levels and in younger age groups. Furthermore, advantages from entering the national TID system early especially for females are discussed.

Acute paediatric pain management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom G. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Long Term Effects

Paediatric pain management has made great strides in the past few decades in the understanding of developmental neurobiology, developmental pharmacology, the use of analgesics in children, the use of regional techniques in children, and of the psychological needs of children in pain. The consequences of a painful experience on the young nervous system are so significant that long-term effects can occur, resulting in behavioural changes and a lowered pain threshold for months after a painful event. Accurate assessment of pain in different age groups and the effective treatment of postoperative pain are constantly being refined, with newer drugs being used alone and in combination with other drugs, and continue to be explored. Systemic opioids, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and regional anaesthesia alone or combined with additives are currently used to provide effective postoperative analgesia. These modalities are often best utilized when combined as a multimodal approach to treat acute pain in the perioperative setting. The safe and effective management of pain in children includes the prevention, recognition, and assessment of pain; early and individualized treatment; and evaluation of the efficacy of treatment. This chapter discusses selected topics in paediatric acute pain management, with more specific emphasis placed on pharmacology and regional anaesthesia in the treatment of acute postoperative pain management.

Risks in the built environment

1981 ◽  
Vol 376 (1764) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transport Accidents

There are good statistics for deaths in transport accidents, fires, and from accidents in the home in Great Britain, and considerable (but less comprehensive) information about injuries and material damage. Information about the causes of these events is much more scanty, and little is known about the long-term effects of accidental injury. The available data are reviewed and the nature, magnitude and frequency of various kinds of risks are analysed for different age groups and in relation to environmental and other factors. The contribution of ‘volun­tary’ actions (notably alcohol and smoking) is assessed. Finally, the extent to which both actual and perceived risk can be modified by education, engineering (modifying the design of roads, vehicles, aircraft, homes and fittings), and the enforcement of regulations and control systems is evaluated. While costs cannot easily be measured, false perceptions of risk can lead to wasteful investment, and education and information are essential if resources are to be deployed where they will do most good.

Early post hatch feeding in chicks and practical constrains-A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Sirsat ◽  
A. R. Chaithrashree ◽  
B. N. Ramteke ◽  
S. D. Shirsat
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Hatch Period

At present, broilers reach slaughter weight at a physiologically younger age and the embryonic developmental period as well as the first week after hatching represents a larger proportion (45%) of the whole life span. Thus, pre-hatch as well as the transitional post-hatch period must be achieved efficiently. It is known that body weight is increased three to four fold during the first week and considerable changes in gut, and muscle weight and morphology are observed. The post-hatch period is critical for the digestive tract because the system is switching itself from off to on. The first day after hatch is critical for the development of body systems in the chicken and certain types of manipulation must occur during the first days after hatch in order to achieve long-term effects. Meat-type broilers are capable of achieving 70 g/day until 40 days. This achievement requires emphasis on early phase nutrition (i.e. pre-starter diets). The use of pre-starter diets assumes that starter diets are somewhat inefficient in providing balanced nutrients. Early nutritional strategies offer the promise of sustaining progress in production efficiency and welfare of commercial poultry. In order to achieve broiler potential several unconventional changes must be made: supplying nutrients to the developing embryo before hatch, supplying feed within hatchery, developing highly digestible pre-starter diets. Integrate all of the above to create a continuous feeding process from several days prior to hatch, during hatch and till farm placement where first feed is provided.

scholarly journals Long-term Effects on Cognitive Trajectories of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in Two Age Groups

2016 ◽  
pp. glw156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Espeland ◽  
Stephen R. Rapp ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson ◽  
Joseph S. Goveas ◽  
Sally A. Shumaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone ◽  
Two Age Groups

scholarly journals The Role of Destination Experience in the Sustainability of the Image of the Tourist Destination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Ban ◽  
Adrian Hatos ◽  
Laurențiu Droj ◽  
Carmen Toderascu
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Good Image ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
Younger Age

The concept of destination image is closely related to the brand image of the destination. A good image is a step in branding the destination. The image of the destination can be a primary, sec-ondary or global one, the latter incorporating the first two. The sustainability of a positive image of the destination is based on both a positive secondary image and a positive global image. The purpose of this research is to analyze separately the two types of images for a given tourist des-tination that has registered in recent years a remarkable increase in the number of visitors. The research is based on a questionnaire-based survey of a sample of 607 people. The collected data were processed with SPSS and the results show significant differences between the two types of images (secondary image and global image), a dangerous situation in the medium and long term for destination management. The nuances in the perception of the image of the destination on the two types of respondents (who experienced respectively who did not experience the destination) can be explained by the aggressive strategy of promoting the tourist destination, but inefficient strategy for younger age groups. The study allows the formulation of conclusions and measures to correct the situation.

Teenager With Disabling Leg Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Doleys ◽  
Nicholas D. Doleys
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Younger Age

The incidence and prevalence of chronic pain among children and adolescents appears to be increasing. The treatment options are limited. Understandably, one would want to minimize, if not avoid, long-term use of opioids. There are a number of modality and nonopioid therapies available. One approach often overlooked and underutilized, with all age groups, in the use of nutritional and dietary supplements. Many painful conditions, especially neuropathic pain, can be initialed and maintained by neuroinflammatory substances. Certain nutritional and dietary supplements can alter the effect of these substances and the abnormal neuronal functioning associated with pain. Unfortunately, the increased incidence of obesity, even among the younger age groups, reflects a continued trend toward poor dietary habits and food selection. This, along with other lifestyle issues, results in a population that is more vulnerable to developing painful disorders. For this reason, nutritional pain management should be given serious consideration.

scholarly journals Aging Society and Decline Fertility: How to Respond?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Asim Kurjak ◽  
Ana Stavljenic Rukavina
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Aging World ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT We are living in the time of aging of almost all societies in the world. There are at least two long-term causes of aging world and a temporary blip that will continue to show up in the figures for the next few decades. The first of the big reasons is that people everywhere are living far longer than they used to. A second and bigger cause of the aging of societies is that people everywhere are having far fewer children, so the younger age groups are much too small to counterbalance the growing number of older people. These facts will certainly turn the world into a different place. In this paper, we would like to stress the relationship between economic growth, aging and decline fertility as well as social consequences of both. How to cite this article Kurjak A, Stavljenic Rukavina A, Stanojevic M. Aging Society and Decline Fertility: How to Respond? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):333-341.

Renovations of neighbourhood parks: long-term outcomes on physical activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Cohen ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Jennifer Isacoff ◽  
Bianca Shulaker ◽  
Stephanie Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Adults And Children

BackgroundNeighbourhood parks are places designed to support physical activity, but are often underutilised. Park renovations are major improvements to the quality of these spaces and usually attract more park users. This study assessed changes in the use of six San Francisco neighbourhood parks and park-based physical activity levels over a 6-year period, during which five of the six parks were renovated.MethodsWe used direct observation to assess park-based physical activity. We used a stepped-wedge study design at three time points in all six parks over 6 years (before all parks were renovated, after two parks were renovated and after an additional three were renovated) to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of park renovations.ResultsLevels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and metabolic equivalent hours expended in the parks increased overall, most immediately after renovation. Age groups responded differently with the largest increases in park use and MVPA among adults and children under age 12, with no changes among teens and seniors.ConclusionsPark renovations attracted more users and increased park-based MVPA than non-renovated parks and sustained increases over time for adults and children, but not teens or seniors. Park renovations that consider and provide facilities that support varied levels of physical activity and cater to all age groups may foster increased park-based physical activity that can be sustained.

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