Psychiatrists and a Computer as Interrogators of Patients with Alcohol-Related Illnesses: A Comparison

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Lucas ◽  
P. J. Mullin ◽  
C. B. X. Luna ◽  
D. C. McInroy
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Estimated Error

SummaryA computer-administered ‘interview’ was developed for eliciting evidence relating to alcohol problems. Thirty-six volunteer male patients on their first visits to a specialist alcohol clinic were interviewed three times, by two psychiatrists and by the computer; information was sought about 72 predefined indicants concerning alcohol consumption, drinking behaviour, and symptoms. Each patient was asked to complete an attitude questionnaire anonymously.The extent of agreement between the evidence elicited by the computer and by the psychiatrists was quite high, and their estimated error rates were very similar, all between 10 per cent and 12 per cent in total. With respects to amounts of alcohol consumed, patients reported significantly greater amounts to the computer than they reported to the psychiatrists. The median amounts of pure ethanol consumed ranged from 1 · 19 kg per week calculated from reports made to one of the psychiatrists, up to 1 · 58 kg per week calculated from reports made to the computer. The results from the attitude questionnaire indicated a high level of acceptability to patients of computer interrogation.

scholarly journals Female Alcohol Consumption as a Form of Adaptation to Modern Conditions: Age Features

2020 ◽  
pp. 466-507
Author(s):  
Viktoriia V. Briuno ◽  
◽  
Margarita E. Pozdniakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Features ◽  
High Level

The aim of the work is to consider the features of alcoholic behavior of a modern woman. The situation with the involvement of women of young, middle and older ages in alcohol consumption is analyzed on the basis of quantitative and qualitative long — term studies conducted by the team of Sector of Sociology of Deviant Behavior of ISRAS — FCTAS RAS at the end of the 20th century, at the turn of the century — in the “zero” years and in modern times. The surveys were accompanied by an analysis of statistical data and a secondary analysis of sociological data on the studied issues. It is shown that, despite the steady decline in the incidence of alcoholism and the prevalence of drug-related disorders associated with alcohol consumption, the involvement of Russians in alcohol consumption remains at a sufficiently high level. The results of comparative studies have revealed that the process of feminization of alcohol consumption recorded at the end of the 20th century continues steadily at the present time. An analysis of female alcohol habits has shown that over the past few years, women who drink alcohol at high risk have increased in all age groups. The greatest changes occurred among young and middle-aged women. It was found that alcohol problems occurring in adolescents, young women, middle-aged and older women are caused by different risk factors. Some factors are present throughout the entire life cycle of a woman, while others are characteristic only for certain life stages.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

Effect of the Covid-19 Italian lockdown on human health: the analysis of alcohol consumption for aware quarantine (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mazzarella ◽  
Annamaria Spina ◽  
Marcello Dallio ◽  
Antonietta Gerarda Gravina ◽  
Mario Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Specific Subset

BACKGROUND Italy has been one of the first western countries seriously involved in the COVID-19 pandemic in the first months of 2020 and so that the national government was forced to impose a long lockdown period, stopping all the people aggregation outdoor and indoor activities. From a social point of view this period of domestic confinement resulted in deep changes of behaviours and lifestyles, promoting in many people the onset of psychological symptoms and signs (including anxiety, depression, insomnia, and irritability among others) already known as associated with drug and alcohol abuse OBJECTIVE this study aims to assess the variation of alcohol drinking habits in a sample of Italian citizens during the COVID-19 lockdown and to identify the psychosocial factors surrounding it, in order to assess the specific subset of the population that could need psychosocial support during these events METHODS An online anonymous questionnaire was created and submitted from 9th April 2020 to 28th April 2020 using social medias and e-mails. Questions were related to personal details such as age, work, instruction, and, moreover, to alcohol drinking habits during the lockdown, including Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT C) test questions RESULTS A total of 1234 surveys were filled out by subjects with an age range from 18 to 80 years old. An increase in both anxiety and fear has been detected in most of the participants (63% and 61% respectively) with a direct (r=0.652; p<0.001) relationship between them. Participants older than 50 years showed the strongest correlation between alcohol consumption, fear, and anxiety, (r=0.830, P <0.001 and r=0.741, P<0.001, respectively). Subjects living alone experienced a stronger association between anxiety, fear, and higher level of alcohol consumption (r: 0.529; P<0.001; r: 0.628, P<0.001 respectively). Moreover, 18% of participants increased alcohol consumption drinking during the lockdown. These subjects showed a lower frequency of alcohol consumption before the lockdown in comparison to the rest of the study population (2.5±0.96 vs 3±1.03, P<0.0001 respectively). Moreover, comparing the abovementioned groups, the percentage of subjects who experienced higher alcohol assumption before the 11th of March was higher in those that didn't change their drinking behaviour during the lockdown in comparison to that portion of them that experienced a worsening of alcohol abuse (r: 30.422, P<0.0001) CONCLUSIONS according to these data, during the Italian lockdown due to COVID 19 pandemic, different kind of people experienced an increase in alcohol drinking. Several psychosocial factors are involved in determining the increase in harmful alcohol consumption during this extraordinary stressful event and they must be addressed by the healthcare support in order to avoid awful lockdown impact on human life

scholarly journals Efficient End-to-End Sentence-Level Lipreading with Temporal Convolutional Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6975
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lun He ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
Guoqing Feng
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
End To End ◽  
High Level ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Talking Face

Lipreading aims to recognize sentences being spoken by a talking face. In recent years, the lipreading method has achieved a high level of accuracy on large datasets and made breakthrough progress. However, lipreading is still far from being solved, and existing methods tend to have high error rates on the wild data and have the defects of disappearing training gradient and slow convergence. To overcome these problems, we proposed an efficient end-to-end sentence-level lipreading model, using an encoder based on a 3D convolutional network, ResNet50, Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), and a CTC objective function as the decoder. More importantly, the proposed architecture incorporates TCN as a feature learner to decode feature. It can partly eliminate the defects of RNN (LSTM, GRU) gradient disappearance and insufficient performance, and this yields notable performance improvement as well as faster convergence. Experiments show that the training and convergence speed are 50% faster than the state-of-the-art method, and improved accuracy by 2.4% on the GRID dataset.

scholarly journals Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zatońska ◽  
Piotr Psikus ◽  
Alicja Basiak-Rasała ◽  
Zuzanna Stępnicka ◽  
Maria Wołyniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
High Level

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

Kurzweil Reading Machine: A Partial Evaluation of Its Optical Character Recognition Error Rate

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 389-399
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Goodrich ◽  
Richard R. Bennett ◽  
William R. De L'aune ◽  
Harvey Lauer ◽  
Leonard Mowinski
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Partial Evaluation ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Recognition Error ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
High Level

This study was designed to assess the Kurzweil Reading Machine's ability to read three different type styles produced by five different means. The results indicate that the Kurzweil Reading Machines tested have different error rates depending upon the means of producing the copy and upon the type style used; there was a significant interaction between copy method and type style. The interaction indicates that some type styles are better read when the copy is made by one means rather than another. Error rates varied between less than one percent and more than twenty percent. In general, the user will find that high quality printed materials will be read with a relatively high level of accuracy, but as the quality of the material decreases, the number of errors made by the machine also increases. As this error rate increases, the user will find it increasingly difficult to understand the spoken output.

scholarly journals Examination of Stress States and Lifestyle Habits of Academic and Administrative Personnel Holding Office at Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Levent Var ◽  
Ahmet Dinc
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Workplace Environment ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Stress States ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this research is to examine the relation between the stresses and some lifestyle habits of academic and administrative personnel holding office at Ahi Evran University. 368 personnel in total as being 252 academic and 116 administrative personnel working holding office at Ahi Evran University had participated in this study. In the study, “Health - Exercise and Physical Activity Consciousness Level” questionnaire, developed by Dolasır Tuncel and Tuncel (2009), had been used as data collection tool. SPSS 22,0 packaged software had been used in the statistical analysis of data obtained, and the results had been evaluated at significance level of p<0,05. As the result of the research, by the comparison of states of regular exercise and being stressful among the academic and administrative personnel, significance had been determined at a level of .000 (p<0.001) for regular exercise, and of .021 (p<0.05) for being stressful. Moreover, when the relation among frequent tension, stressful workplace environment, alcohol consumption, regular exercise and smoking of academic and administrative personnel, a relation at high level in positive direction had been determined between frequent tension and stressful workplace environment (r=,723, p<0.001), a relation at very low level in positive direction had been determined between frequent tension and alcohol consumption (r=,124, p<0.001), and a relation at low level in positive direction had been determined between smoking and alcohol consumption (r=,422, p<0.001). Thus, it is being observed that the stress states of academic and administrative personnel holding office at Ahi Evran University are being affected depending on the workplace environment, and that the alcohol consumption of the personnel is increasing as the cigarette consumption increases.  

scholarly journals Optimization of evaluation human tendecy for alcohol consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
A B Mulik ◽  
S V Bulatetsky ◽  
I V Ulesikova ◽  
I G Mulik ◽  
E V Nazarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Differentiation Degree ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
High Level

The problem of alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of depopulation in the Russian Federation. The particular concern is the alcoholism of teenagers and young adults. Substantiates the relevance of complex factors influence the biological and social risks of substance use among youth. Objective: To develop an integrated system approach predicting human risk of alcohol abuse, combining the functional assessment, psychological and social factors in the formation of demand for psychoactive substances. As the object of the study 89 people of both sexes were involved, 18-23 years of age, students of Volgograd State University. The work was performed in accordance with Articles 5, 6 and 7 "on Bioethics and Human Rights, the Universal Declaration” with registration of informed consent. As a result of complex investigations undertaken identified a number of positions of principle capable of predicting the risk of alcohol abuse human. At the same time, it justified the increased susceptibility to alcohol consumption in individuals with a high level of general non-specific reactivity (UONRO). It revealed highly significant effect of negative feelings from the first samples of alcohol to block alcohol abuse human motivations. At the same time, positive feelings of alcohol during the first trial, significantly increase the risk of alcoholism. It was determined that the vast majority of respondents (95%) did not consume alcohol, brought up in the families of non-drinking parents. In contrast, respondents - consumers of alcohol, in 62% of cases vopityvalis in alcoholic families traditions. Thus, the facts revealed dependence on the combination of alcohol consumption UONRO indicators of psychosomatic condition of the person as a result of the first sample of alcohol and attitudes of members of the parental family to consume alcohol. Based on these data provided a method for predicting the risk of alcohol consumption, which provides a comprehensive account of the functional, psychological and social factors in the formation of demand for psychoactive substances, the possibility of a qualitative typology and differentiation degree of risk of alcohol abuse and algorithmization testing process.

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