The effect of cholesterol on cancer growth and metastasis: Experimental study with LDL receptor knockout mice.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22071-e22071
Author(s):  
Daniel Pu ◽  
Yuqi Cui ◽  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Sampath Parthasarathy ◽  
Xuefeng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Ldl Receptor Knockout Mice

e22071 Background: Cholesterol is an essential component for normal cell growth. However, epidemiological studies show cholesterol levels may be associated with cancer incidence. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial reported a significant inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and lung cancer. The effects of cholesterol on cancer growth and metastasis have not been established. The aim of the present study was to determine if cholesterol alters cancer growth or metastasis. Methods: The study used 48 wild-type mice and 18 LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLR-/-). Mice were randomized into 3 groups: Group I (wild-type mice fed normal chow, n=23); Group II (wild-type mice fed high lipid chow, n=25); Group III (LDLR-/- mice fed high lipid chow, n=18). Human melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously for the assessment of growth and intravenously for metastasis. Mice were followed for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, mice were weighed and autopsy was performed. Melanoma weight, metastasis, and blood cholesterol levels were evaluated. Data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Chi-square. Results: LDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in Group III than Group I (1103±472 vs.28±6; p<0.01). There was no significant difference in melanoma weight (2.74g ±1.77, 2.98g±1.98 vs. 2.18g±1.59, P=0.56) among the three subcutaneous injection groups. Lung metastasis was observed in all intravenous injection groups (11/11 vs. 10/10 vs. 8/8). There was no difference in melanoma weight or metastasis between male and female mice (P>0.05). There was no difference in net weight gain among the subcutaneous injection groups (4.12g±2.50 vs. 2.64g±2.79 vs. 3.66g±1.96, P=0.30). However, among the intravenous injection groups, weight gain was observed in Group II (2.78g±2.67) and Group III (2.36g±1.73) and weight loss in Group I (-0.32g±1.34, P<0.003). Conclusions: Cholesterol has no effect on melanoma growth or metastasis in mice. A high cholesterol diet may reduce weight loss in animals with metastatic melanoma. Further study is warranted to determine whether similar results exist in other types of cancers and to evaluate a possible beneficial effect of high lipid diets on patients with metastatic cancers.

scholarly journals Food restriction by intermittent fasting induces diabetes and obesity and aggravates spontaneous atherosclerosis development in hypercholesterolaemic mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel G. Dorighello ◽  
Juliana C. Rovani ◽  
Christopher J. F. Luhman ◽  
Bruno A. Paim ◽  
Helena F. Raposo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
Ldl Receptor Knockout Mice

Different regimens of food restriction have been associated with protection against obesity, diabetes and CVD. In the present study, we hypothesised that food restriction would bring benefits to atherosclerosis- and diabetes-prone hypercholesterolaemic LDL-receptor knockout mice. For this purpose, 2-month-old mice were submitted to an intermittent fasting (IF) regimen (fasting every other day) over a 3-month period, which resulted in an overall 20 % reduction in food intake. Contrary to our expectation, epididymal and carcass fat depots and adipocyte size were significantly enlarged by 15, 72 and 68 %, respectively, in the IF mice compared with the ad libitum-fed mice. Accordingly, plasma levels of leptin were 50 % higher in the IF mice than in the ad libitum-fed mice. In addition, the IF mice showed increased plasma levels of total cholesterol (37 %), VLDL-cholesterol (195 %) and LDL-cholesterol (50 %). As expected, in wild-type mice, the IF regimen decreased plasma cholesterol levels and epididymal fat mass. Glucose homeostasis was also disturbed by the IF regimen in LDL-receptor knockout mice. Elevated levels of glycaemia (40 %), insulinaemia (50 %), glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were observed in the IF mice. Systemic inflammatory markers, TNF-α and C-reactive protein, were significantly increased and spontaneous atherosclerosis development were markedly increased (3-fold) in the IF mice. In conclusion, the IF regimen induced obesity and diabetes and worsened the development of spontaneous atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor knockout mice. Although being efficient in a wild-type background, this type of food restriction is not beneficial in the context of genetic hypercholesterolaemia.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding urea-molasses blocks with incorporated fenbendazole on grazing dairy heifers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Waruiru ◽  
C.O. Onyando ◽  
R.O. Machuka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean

Between June 1999 and August 2000, the effects of feeding medicated urea-molasses supplement blocks on the growth of dairy heifers in a marginal area of central Kenya were assessed by comparing the live-weight gain of supplemented and unsupplemented heifers grazing the same pasture. Thirty-nine heifers with an average age of 9.6 months were initially treated orally with albendazole (10 mg / kg body weight) and assigned to 3 groups : group I was fed urea-molasses blocks with incorporated fenbendazole (MUMB), group II was fed urea-molasses blocks (UMB) and group III heifers (control) received no block supplementation (NBS). Body weights of the heifers and faecal egg counts (FECs) were measured monthly and larval cultures were made of positive faecal samples of each group. The mean cumulative live-weight responses of the MUMB and UMB groups were significantly greater than the NBS group (P < 0.05). However, at the end of the experimental period, the mean weight gain of the MUMB group did not differ from that of the UMB group (P >0.05). The FECs were moderate to low in all groups and decreased progressively with increasing age of the animals; FECs for the urea-molasses-supplemented groups remained significantly lower than those of the NBS group throughout the experimental period (P <0.05). Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus were the predominant nematode genera found in the heifers, but Cooperia, Bunostomum and Oesophagostomum were also present. These results indicate that feeding of urea-molasses blocks substantially reduced production losses attributable to nematode infection of young grazing cattle, and confirms previous observations that well-fed animals are better able to overcome the effects of helminth infections.

DOMINANT-AND-RECESSIVE EPISTASIS IN A HOMEOTIC MOSQUITO MUTANT

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-600
Author(s):  
Satish C. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pure Strain ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Homeotic Mutant ◽  
Culex Pipiens Fatigans ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
Selection For

Folowing selection for 15 generations a pure strain of a homeotic mutant spur was isolated from a Brazilian population of the mosquito Culex pipiens fatigans. Monohybrid crosses showed a 13:3 segregation indicating dominant-and-recessive epistasis for wild-type vs. spur. This implies that a dominant allele at one locus and a recessive at the other interact to produce the mutant phenotype. Dihybrid crosses with linkage group II markers yellow and ruby gave 39:13:9:3 ratios indicating independent segregation. However, the dihybrid cross with linkage group I marker maroon showed a highly significant departure from 39:13:9:3 ratio. Data available indicate that the phenotype spur is controlled by a dominant epistat in linkage group III and a recessive epistat (approximately 31.9 crossover units from maroon) in linkage group I.

scholarly journals CHLOROFORM EXTRICATE OF TRIANTHEMA PORTULACASTRUM, WHOLE PLANT: AN ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC IN ATHEROGENIC DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3094-3096
Author(s):  
Divya Yada
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Entire Plant

Hyperlipidemia is contemplated to be among the considerable risk factor that contributes to the severity as well as incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The Anti hyperlipidemic effect of Chloroform extricate of entire plant Trianthema portulacastrum has been studied in atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Group-I acted as controls (untreated), Group-II acted as atherogenic diet induced controls, standard Hypolipidemic drug (Simvastatin 4mg/kg) used for treating Group-III. The Chloroform Extricate of Trianthema portulacastrum were administered orally at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg doses for Group IV and V respectively. Serum lipid levels were evaluated after oral administration of standard drug and Chloroform extricate of Trianthema portulacastrum (100mg/kg as well as 200mg/kg) respectively at experimental study’s end. With 200mg/kg of Trianthema portulacastrum Chloroform Extricate treatment, significant reduction in serum lipid parameters like VLDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol levels and increased HDL level were seen hyperlipidemic rats as compared to control statistically. From these results, it is evident that, Chloroform Extricate of Trianthema portulacastrum entire plant treats hyperlipidemia and improves the liver lipid profile.

Albumin attenuation of oleic acid edema in dog lung depleted of blood components

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1949-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Hofman ◽  
I. C. Ehrhart
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Albumin Solution ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Circulating fatty acids are normally transported principally bound to serum albumin. We examined whether administering oleic acid (OA) in a concentrated albumin solution would attenuate its edemogenic potential in the isolated dog lung lobe perfused with a solution nearly depleted of blood cellular and protein components. The isolated ventilated lower left lobe (LLL) was perfused (7.3 +/- 0.6 ml X min-1 X g LLL-1) with a balanced salt solution containing 6% dextran and approximately 10% serum (vol/vol). Hourly weight gain, net LLL weight gain, and wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) were used as indices of extravascular lung fluid changes. Group I lobes (n = 5) were given saline, whereas both group II (n = 5) and III (n = 5) lobes were administered 1 microliter OA/kg body wt. The OA was incubated with 5 ml of albumin solution containing approximately 640 mg of bovine fatty acid-free albumin before infusion into group III lobes. Group I gained weight at rate of 10.8 +/- 0.5 g X h-1 X 100 g LLL-1 after saline, whereas group II exhibited a greater (P less than 0.005) rate of weight gain of 42 +/- 13 after OA. Group III weight gain of 8.4 +/- 0.5 g X h-1 X 100 g LLL-1 was not different (P greater than 0.05) from group I but was lower (P less than 0.005) than group II.

scholarly journals Weekly Treatment of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Improves Intracellular Cholesterol Levels in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 21056-21069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Walenbergh ◽  
Tom Houben ◽  
Tim Hendrikx ◽  
Mike Jeurissen ◽  
Patrick van Gorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Intracellular Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Receptor Knockout Mice

scholarly journals Organic selenium in nutrition of chicken in fattening

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivan Jokic ◽  
Mirjana Joksimovic-Todorovic ◽  
Vesna Davidovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selenized Yeast

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of various levels of organic selenium (selenized yeast) on the weight gain and feed utilization of chicken in fattening. The experiment was carried out on 120 chicken of line hybrid Hybro-PN, divided into four groups (treatments), lasting six weeks. All groups of chicken were fed complete mixtures, while selenium was added to feed in the form of selenized yeast, in quantities of 0 (Group I); 0.3 (II) 0.6 (III), or 0.9mg/kg (IV). Chicken were measured, and care was taken to keep groups uniform (Groups: I - 36.17g; II - 37.01g; III - 37.16g, and IV 36.59g). During the experiment, every seven days, body weight of all animals was measured, as well as feed consumption for each experimental group. At the end of fattening, the highest body weight was established for chicken in Group III (2647.50g), followed by chicken in Groups II and IV (2595.89 and 2526.55g). Mentioned values were statistically significant (PO.01) by chicken and groups (2309.lg). Average daily feed consumption during the whole fattening period was highest in Group III, and lowest in Group I. For the last week of fattening it amounted to 196.38g (Group III), i.e. 179.41g (Group I). However, for chicken in Groups II and IV, these values were somewhat lower, as compared to chicken in Group III (190.50 and 185.15g). Food consumption per 1 kg gain was lowest in groups fed rations with added organic selenium (Group II - 1.65; III and IV - 1.67). Chicken in group I had the worst feed conversion (1.73).

PENGARUH FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN PILADANG (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L) Codd) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verawati Verawati ◽  
Mimi Aria ◽  
Iyun Julia Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Solenostemon Scutellarioides ◽  
Group I

<p>Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. Medicinal plants with different content of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and flavonoids are natural sources to cope hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of piladang leaves (<em>Solenostemon scutellarioides</em> (L) Codd) on serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic male rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 6 animals: group I (negative control), group II (positive control), group III, IV and V were each given fraction of ethyl acetate doses respectively 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg and group VI (simvastatin as a comparator). Measurement of serum cholesterol levels were conducted with CHOD-PAP method using a photometer 5010. Result showed ethyl acetate fraction affects cholesterol levels of experimental animals with a lower value than the positive control. According to statistics of one way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test method SPSS 17 showed no significant differences (p&gt; 0.05) on cholesterol levels in all given doses of ethyl acetate fraction. Group III(a dose of 100 mg / kg) was probably the most effective in lowering the blood cholesterol levels of experimental animals.</p>

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